MS: HIV

Normal CD4 range

800-1200

A nurse is caring for a client who is suspected of having HIV. The nurse should identify that which of the following diagnostic tests and laboratory values are used to confirm HIV infection? Select all that apply A. western blot B. indirect immunofluorescence assay C. CD4 T-lymphocyte count D. HIV RNA quantification test E. CSF analysis

A, B

Which statements accurately describe HIV infection? Select all that apply A. untreated HIV infection has a predictable pattern of progression B. late chronic HIV infection is called aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) C. untreated HIV infection can remain in the early chronic stage for a decade or more D. untreated HIV infection usually remains in the early chronic stage for 1 year or less E. opportunistic diseases occur more often when the CD4 T-cell count is high and the viral load is low

A, B, C

A nurse in an outpatient clinic is assessing a client who reports night swears and fatigue. He states he has had a cough along with nausea and diarrhea. His temperature is 38.1 C (100.6 F) orally. The client is afraid he has HIV. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply A. perform a physical assessment B. determine when manifestations began C. teach the client about HIV transmission D. draw blood for HIV testing E. obtain a sexual history

A, B, E

A nurse is assessing a client for HIV. The nurse should identify that which of the following are risk factors associated with this virus? Select all that apply A. perinatal exposure B. pregnancy C. monogamous sex partner D. older adult woman E. occupational exposure

A, D, E

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treatment of AIDS. Which assessment best indicates that the patient's condition is improving? A. Decreased viral load B. Increased drug resistance C. Decreased CD4+ T-cell count D. Increased aminotransferase levels

A. Decreased viral load

Transmission of HIV from an infected individual to another most commonly occurs as a result of A. unprotected anal or vaginal sexual intercourse B. low levels of virus in the blood and high levels of CD4 C. transmission from mother to infant during labor and delivery and breastfeeding D. sharing of drug-using equipment, including needles, syringes, pipes, and straws

A. unprotected anal or vaginal sexual intercourse

Which strategy can the nurse teach the patient to eliminate the risk of HIV-transmission? A. using sterile equipment to inject drugs B. cleaning equipment used to inject drugs C. taking lamivudine (epivir) during pregnancy D. using latex or polyurethane barriers to cover genitalia during sexual contact

A. using sterile equipment to inject drugs

The nurse informs the patient with a bacterial pneumonia that the most important factor in antibiotic treatment is A. antibiotics should have been used to prevent pneumonia. B. all of the supplied antibiotics should be taken even when symptoms have resolved. C. enough antibiotics for 2 days' treatment should be reserved in case symptoms recur. D. patients should request antibiotics for upper respiratory infections to prevent development of streptococcal-related diseases.

B. all of the supplied antibiotics should be taken even when symptoms have resolved.

Opportunistic diseases in HIV infection A. are usually benign B. are generally slow to develop and progress C. occur in the presence of immunosuppression D. are curable with appropriate drug interventions

C. occur in the presence of immunosuppression

During HIV infection A. reverse transcription helps HIV fuse with the CD4 T-cells B. HIV RNA uses the CD4 T-cell's mitochondria to replicate C. the immune system is impaired predominantly by the eventual widespread destruction of CD4 T-cells D. a long period of dormacy develops during which HIV cannot be found in the blood and there is little viral replication

C. the immune system is impaired predominantly by the eventual widespread destruction of CD4 T-cells

HIV antiretroviral drugs are used to A. cure acute HIV infection B. decrease viral RNA levels C. treat opportunistic diseases D. are curable with appropriate drug interventions

C. treat opportunistic diseases

Problems occur when

CD4 below 500

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has stage 2 HIV diseases and is having difficulty maintaining a normal weight. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the teaching A. "I will choose a diet high in fat to help gain weight" B. "I will be sure to eat three large meals daily" C. "I will drink up to 1 liter of liquid each day" D. "I will add high-protein foods to my diet"

D. "I will add high-protein foods to my diet"

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has stage 3 HIV disease. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will wear gloves while changing the pet liter box" B. "I will rinse raw fruits with water before eating them" C. "I will wear a mask when around family members who are ill" D. "I will cook vegetables before eating them"

D. "I will cook vegetables before eating them"

The nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed 34-year-old male about his HIV infection. Which statement by the patient would indicate the patient needs additional education? A. "I will need to take my HIV medication daily for the rest of my life." B. "Although I only take one pill, it has multiple medications combined into a single tablet." C. "I should notify my HIV provider if I get fevers that do not go away with Tylenol or aspirin." D. "Once my viral load is undetectable I don't have to worry about taking my medication every day."

D. "Once my viral load is undetectable I don't have to worry about taking my medication every day."

What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to help an HIV-infection patient adhere to treatment regimen? A. "set up" a drug pillbox for the patient every week B. give the patient a video and a brochure to view and read at home C. tell the patient that the side effects of the drugs are bad but that they go away after awhile D. assess the patient's routines and find adherence cue that fit into the patient's life circumstances

D. assess the patient's routines and find adherence cue that fit into the patient's life circumstances

A diagnosis of AIDS can be made for a patient with HIV with A. a CD4+ T-cell count <500/µL. B. a WBC count <3000/µL (3 × 109/L). C. development of oral candidiasis (thrush). D. onset of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia.

D. onset of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia.

Diagnostic studies/Lab values

HIV-specific antibodies/antigens, blood/saliva cultures, 4th generation, western blot, CD4, WBC