msn 3025 chapter 8

The ________ approach to management emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to the individual and environmental situation.

contingency

The process of fitting the organization to its environment is referred to as the _______ approach to organizational structure.

contingency

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______.

culture

_____ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy.

delegation

The more subunits into which an organization breaks down, the more highly _____ it is.

differentiated

Which of the following represent traditional organizational designs?

divisional, simple, matrix, & functional

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational _____ varies along two dimensions.

effectiveness

What is the BEST example of a mutual-benefit organization?

labor-union

An organization's _____ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes,or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture.

leaders

What are three characteristics of an organization with a simple structure?

low work specialization, a flat hierarchy, & authority in a single person

More positive organizational outcomes are associated with _____ cultures.

market

An organization where authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is called _____.

mechanistic

Top-down structure and rigid rules are characteristics of a(n) _____ organization.

mechanistic

Which of the following three things should managers taking a contingency approach to organizational design consider while determining the optimal structure for an organization?

mechanistic vs organic environment, differentiation vs integration environment, & link between strategy, structure, and culture

Identify the three types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries.

modular, virtual, & hollow

In organizational culture, a story is a(n)

narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value

Which two of the following are some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture?

status symbols & rewards

A clan culture has what three characteristics?

a family type organization, encourages collaboration among employees, & strives to encourage cohesion through consensus and job satisfaction

What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit?

a match between an individuals personality and values and those of the organizations

A(n) _____ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks.

boundaryless

In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through _______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor.

coordinated effort

Organizational design is concerned with which two activities?

creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies & creating structures of accountability and responsibility

The three types of organizational design are:

horizontal, open boundaries, & traditional

competing values framework (CVF)

horizontal- expresses the extent to which an organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers vertical- expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control

Symbols in organizational culture represent

objects or actions that convey an organizations most important values to others

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as _____.

person-organization fit

The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you in the organization is known as your _____.

responsibility

Which of the following occurs in the horizontal organizational design?

teams are used to improve collaboration & work

According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations?

the BumbleBee or StarKist tuna companies with their thousands of employees, & a crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial tuna fishing boat

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured _____ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values.

training

Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture?

training, role modeling, & coaching

What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure?

who reports to whom & who specializes in what work

Flat organizations generally have few levels with _______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees.

wide

_____ is the tendency of the parts of an organization to disperse and fragment.

differentiation

Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture?

activities, processes & outcomes

Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture?

better financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures, more positive organizational outcomes in market cultures, higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures, more positive work attitudes in clan cultures, & higher market share in clan and market values

Rites and rituals, which are activities and _____ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change.

ceremonies

A _____ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control.

clan

In the elements of organizations, ________ unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being.

common purpose

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by

embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements.

Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to:

encourage employee productivity & send a strong message about the culture

An organization that wants to eliminate layers in favor of creating a culture where employees have more power should consider adopting a _____ organizational structure.

flattened

_____ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values.

formal statements

If an organization wishes to become more controlling and authoritative toward its employees, it should consider adopting a(n) _____ structure.

hierarchical

Which of the following statements regarding the horizontal design are true?

internal boundaries are broken down, this design is also called team based design, & workgroups are used to improve collaboration

Organizational culture:

is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring, represents beliefs and values shared among workers, is the social glue that binds members of the organization together, helps employees understand why the organization does what it does & significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization

Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its _____.

observable artifacts

A hospital is an example of a nonprofit organization because it is formed to _____.

offer services to clients

A(n) _____ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

organization

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart.

organizational

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent?

physical design

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of _____ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.

rewards

Organizations can use _____, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture.

rites & rituals

Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization?

rituals, decorations, & awards

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a _____.

simple structure

A _____ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value.

story

In terms of organizational culture, a _______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others.

symbol

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as _____.

tall

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

unifies members and helps everyone understand the organizations reason for being