mul1010 FINAL

Were changes in tempo rarely found in music of the Romantic period?

1. False there were many changes in music with the sonata allegro form, codas, and tone poems.

know who the five or the mighty handful were and their objectives.

1. Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui, and Modest Mussorgsky

who were the nationalist composers of the romantic period?

1. Pytor Ilyich-Tchaikovsky, Frederic Chopin, Modest Mussorgsky, Bedrich Smetana, and Jean Sibelius

the dates given in the course for the baroque period place it between

1600 and 1750

the course places the romantic period in music between the years

1820 and 1910

what was a renaissance madrigal? was it a sacred music form or secular music form?

23. ? A madrigal is a secular vocal genre of music that was very popular during the Renaissance Era (1450-1600 CE). The lyrics were based on poetry, and they were usually performed a cappella and in polyphonic texture. Madrigals are often credited with popularizing the musical technique of word painting.

what is a baroque oratorio?

50. A large-scale musical composition on a sacred or semisacred subject, for solo voices, chorus, and orchestra.

who are the most renowned baroque composers?

50. Bach, Vivaldi, Handel, Purcell, Monteverdi

Name styles of recitative

50. Recitativo Secco and accompagnato are the main types along with ritornello and terraced dynamics.

define rhythm

50. created by the combination of duration and accent

what is a defining characteristic of polyphony?

79. ? A single interval made up of two simultaneous tones or a chord of three simultaneous tones is rudimentarily polyphonic.

according to the text, what was the significance of debussy's work?

79. He developed a highly original system of harmony and musical structure that expressed, in many respects, the ideals to which the Impressionist and Symbolist painters and writers of his time aspired.

what are the characteristics of a baroque suite?

A popular form among composers was the suite, a series of movements based upon the rhythm and style of a particular dance. The suite could be written for a solo instrument such as the harpsichord or violoncello or for a small instrumental ensemble. The baroque suite typically started with a French overture, as in ballet and opera, a musical form divided into two parts that is usually enclosed by double bars and repeat signs. Suites were composed of four main movements: allemande, courante, sarabande, and gigue.

Define syncopation and when one might hear it used.

A temporary displacement of the regular metrical accent in music caused typically by stressing the weak beat.

what is the textbook definition for form?

A way of defining the organization of a piece of music.

What is the italian term for at ease?

Adagio

what is a baroque concerto?

Baroque period was the multi-movement concerto, a form in which one—or less commonly, two or three—instruments are pitted against an orchestra.

what were the basso continuo and doctrine of affections in the baroque period?

Basso continuo, a bass line running continuously throughout a piece, came into use. Also known as thoroughbass, the basso continuo was usually played by a bass string and/or low woodwind instrument along with the harpsichord or organ.

which composer used Hungarian folk music in his music?

Bela Bartok

who were the most prominent composers from the romantic period

Beriloz, Chopin, Schumann, Liszt, Wagner, Verdi, and Bruckner

Which form is not based on the principle of contrast?

Binary

what are the basic terms we use to define musical texture?

Density, thickness, range, or width with lowest and highest pitch

define: disjunct, conjunct, or repeated tones melodies

Disjunct = melodies that jump from one pitch to another, Conjunct = pitches get closer together in certain pieces b/c the melodies move between adjacent pitches, Repeated tone melodies = identical pitches that occur in succession

which composer most heavily influenced the music of the french post WWI school of musicians known as Les Six

Erick Satie

Which one of the following composers' style is most closely associated with that of the commercial music world known as Tin Pan Alley?

George Gershwin

in general, operatic arias of the romantic period, for example those by giacomo puccini use what type of texture?

Homophonic

which composer catapulted to the top of the 20th century avant-garde after composing Firebird, Petrushka, and Le Sacre du printemps?

Igor Stravinsky

which composer wrote music for prepared piano?

John Cage

know who was Josquin Desprez (renaissance) and his importance in music history.

Josquin wrote a large number of motets. Many consider him the epitome of renaissance music achievement with respect to the motet form. The motet changed the way music was used in church forms.

what kinds of features may be found in baroque music?

MELODY: A single melodic idea. RHYTHM: Continuous rhythmic drive. TEXTURE: Balance of Homophonic (melody with chordal harmony) and polyphonic textures.

which of the 20th century trends sought to restore order, harmony and emotional restraint to music?

Neoclassicism

do consonant harmonies usually provide a feeling of tension

No; Dissonant harmonies create a feeling of tension

describe meter in music

Organizes pulses into groupings called measures depending on the pattern of stressed (strong/accented) or unaccented (weak/unaccented) beats.

what are baroque rhythmic characteristics?

Rapid changes in harmony, dance and dotted rhythms, with a strong and steady pulse.

Which of the following composers envisioned operas as "musical dramas"?

Richard Wagner

who was the romantic composer who was a musical genius, but with strong anti-semitic views?

Richard Wagner

who wrote the earliest surviving opera, then called dramma per musica?

Rienhard Strohm

who was an important romantic composer who founded the new journal of music?

Robert Schumann

who was farinelli?

Stage name of Carlo Maria Michelangelo Nicola Broschi a celebrated Italian castrato singer of the 18th century and one of the greatest singers in the history of opera. Farinelli has been described as having soprano vocal range and sang the highest note customary at the time.

Define Rhythm, beat, tempo. How do they differ?

Tempo = the speed of the rhythm of the composition, Rhythm = is the organization of sound in time created by the combination of duration and accent, Beat = basic rhythmic unit of measure and underlying pulse of the music. They differ because one makes one a part of each other.

Identify binary, ternary, rondo, and theme and variations forms.

Ternary form is ABA, Binary form is AB, and rondo form is ABACA or ABACABA.

Usually, folk tunes, songs, spirituals, and hymns are good examples of strophic form. Know strophic form.

The principle of repetition in music.

know which events occurred in Europe and America during the Renaissance.

The rise of Rome, Age of Exploration and politics and the reformation

what do the top number and bottom numbers of the time signature represent?

Top number are the number of beats in a measure which tell you the length of the measure. Bottom number tell you how to count the measure.

1. According to the text, who/what were the Traditionalists of the Romantic era?

Traditionalists were composers of the Romantic era who held reverence for the music of the masters

what are two simultaneous pitches of the same letter name and pitch

Unison

what were the important artistic products of the romantic period?

Vincent Van Gogh's paintings

Does musical texture refer to how melody and harmony relate to each other?

Yes, the relationship between the melody and harmony relate to the musical texture.

who was Nadia Boulanger?

a french composer, conductor, and teacher who taught multiple composers of the 20th century.

according to the text, the Renaissance period was known as a period of what?

a period that may be described as an age in which individualism, humanism, and secular values started to flourish again.

what is a recitative?

a way of singing text with speech rhythms

the term harmony refers to the vertical aspect of music

and melodic is the horizontal aspect

During the renaissance, what was the name composers gave to the original chant used as the basis for the main melody in a composition

cantus firmus

Notes that don't belong to the traditional scale are known as ______________.

chromatic alterations

The dance-like characteristics of a piece indicate that it was written during which period?

classical period 1750-1825

according to the text, in rondo form, the repeating themes are separated by?

contrasting episodes

what are the musical terms for increasing the tempo and decreasing the tempo

crescendo and decrescendo

what kind of jobs did composers have during the romantic period as opposed to the medieval baroque and classical periods

every day jobs, street jobs.

know what kinds of dynamics may have best expressed music of the romantic period.

extremely soft or extremely loud sounds.

Which characteristics help you identify a composition by Paganini?

fast clips of violin excerpts

know about chopins life, through the text.

gave about 30 public performances with elegance, clarity and formal balance in his music. Only wrote a few songs for the piano and was a composer and teacher for his lifetime.

Which one of the following composers' style is most closely associated with that of the commercial music world known as tin pan alley?

george gershwin

Identify through listening Berlioz's Symphony Fantastique.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33dN3Z2fbWM

Identify accelerando and ritardando by listening.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzmO2EyQ7bs

Identify Chopin's Revolutionary Etude

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1uLrHq9TDg

Identify atonal music by listening to examples.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJg4XbzSV9Q

Identify by listening a melody without harmonic accompaniment, harmony with accompaniment, consonant harmony and dissonant harmony.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGTRB9w8c8g

In the renaissance, vocal and choral music took center stage. Contrastingly, what kind of music took center stage in the baroque era?

instrumental music was the most significant genre.

Which of the following best describes aleatory music?

it is a new version of itself every time it is played.

which romantic period composer was considered a national hero in his homeland

jean sibelius

know the characteristics of romantic period music

melody was long and flowing, rubato is use of variations in tempo, more dissonant sounds, use of dynamics was presents.

which italian term describes moderately fast tempo?

moderato

which musical texture consists of a single melody without accompaniment?

monophonic

are tempo and rhythm interchangeable terms?

no because tempo refers to speed at which it is played and the rhythm regards to how the music is organized

what are the characteristics of the mood of the romantic period

personal emotional expression

in the baroque period, the term sonata was used for music works

played and not sung

Which italian term describes very fast tempo?

presto.

Bartok

romantic composer

Chopin

romantic composer

J. Brahms

romantic composer

P. I. Tchaikovsky

romantic composer

Richard Wagner

romantic composer

Schubert

romantic composer

Schumann

romantic composer

Which form is not based on the principle of repetition?

strophic

which baroque group was credited with inventing the recitative?

the florentine camerata

know which characteristics of a melody best describe it

the musical notes that are pleasing to the ear best describe melody

what are the trends in contemporary music?

the social, technological, and artistic trends.

know the characteristics of the musical form in the romantic period.

the sonata allegro form/ tone poems

Tempo is an italian universal musical term that refers to?

the speed at which a music a composition is played.

what is a baroque sonata?

the word sonata was used quite loosely meaning a piece to be played rather than sung

According to the text, art of the Romantic period valued emotional restraint and what else?

their paintings (they did not value form of clarity)

what is is called when a melody acquires significant importance within a given composition?

theme

Identify triple meter and duple meter

triple meter= a pattern in a strong beat is followed by two weak beats.

what are double stops on the violin?

when a violinist combines chords and notes simultaneously

what is an arpeggio?

when notes are played consecutively ABCDEFG

Characteristics of polyphonic texture.

when two or more independent melodies are played at the same time and was accomplished through gregorian chant.

know the names of the important composers for the renaissance period.

william byrd, josquin des prez, thomas tallis, pierre de la rue, giovanni pierluigi da palestrina, orlando de lassus, giovanni gabrieli

Can composers and arrangers introduce some elements of variation in a piece of music without altering form?

yes they can