Multiple Choice
88. In her speech introduction, Kailyn asked, "Have you ever looked through old family photo albums and laughed at what people were wearing? Have you ever been amused by the bright colors, huge lapels, and crazy ties worn by characters in old TV shows? Like many of you, I've noticed the changes in fashion and feared that my effort to look stylish today may eventually be a source of amusement to my future children." According to your textbook, by seeking to create a bond with her audience through emphasizing their common experiences and fears, Kailyn was engaging in a. identification. b. stereotyping. c. ethnocentrism. d. comparison. e. inclusion.
A
41. Max is smiling and nodding his head as he listens to a toast at a friend's wedding. According to your textbook, Max is engaged in __________ listening. a. critical b. appreciative c. comprehensive d. empathic e. personal
B
73. According to your textbook, what is the most important early step in the process of developing a successful speech? a. creating a preliminary bibliography b. researching for speech materials c. formulating the specific purpose d. brainstorming for a central idea e. selecting the residual message
C
58. In her first speech, Kayla introduced her classmate Sean to the class. Each of her main points dealt with one of Sean's hobbies. According to your textbook, Kayla's speech was arranged in __________ order. a. spatial b. personal c. recreational d. chronological e. topical
E
63. When you use the __________ method of delivery, you become so familiar with the substance of your speech that you need only a few brief notes to jog your memory. a. traditional b. spontaneous c. personal d. informative e. extemporaneous
E
68. After choosing a topic, what is the next step of speech preparation? a. phrasing the central idea b. analyzing the occasion c. selecting the specific purpose d. writing the introduction e. determining the general purpose
E
99. According to your textbook, the ethical obligations of listeners include a. judging the speaker on the basis of his or her delivery. b. listening to the speaker courteously and attentively. c. maintaining the free and open expression of ideas. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.
E
78. "To inform my audience about the symptoms, causes, and treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome" is an example of a a. specific purpose. b. thesis statement. c. general purpose. d. central idea. e. main point.
A
91. The fact that audiences are egocentric means that a. listeners interpret what you say on the basis of what they know and believe. b. listeners believe that their cultural group is superior to all other groups. c. listeners interpret the speech through the speaker's frame of reference. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.
A
55. For her first speech, Rebekah plans to explain her interest in dance beginning with her childhood and continuing through her days in high school. Which pattern of organization discussed in your textbook will she use in her speech? a. topical b. artistic c. chronological d. kinetic e. functional
C
59. A sentence or two that lets the audience know that a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another is called a a. bridge. b. summary. c. transition. d. corollary. e. conclusion.
C
82. As your textbook explains, the primary purpose of speechmaking is to a. display the speaker's skills as a speaker. b. use language to manipulate people. c. gain a desired response from listeners. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.
C
95. As Amanda analyzed the audience for her speech about organic foods, she focused on such things as their gender, age, and cultural background. In doing so, she was engaging in __________ audience analysis. a. situational b. psychological c. demographic d. preliminary e. descriptive
C
1. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches? a. Remember that your nervousness is not usually visible to your audience. b. Concentrate on communicating with the audience rather than on your nerves. c. As you rehearse, visualize yourself giving a successful speech. d. all of the above e. b and c only
D
69. Which of the following is out of place in a speech to inform? a. advocating b. explaining c. reporting d. demonstrating e. telling
A
17. Speechmaking is a form of power and therefore carries with it heavy __________ responsibilities. a. logical b. ethical c. psychological d. emotional e. sociological
B
80. "To inform my audience how our local water treatment facility ensures the safety of our drinking water" is an example of a a. mission statement. b. specific purpose. c. transition statement. d. general purpose. e. central idea.
B
19. Because speechmaking is a form of power, we must always be sure to speak a. concisely. b. persuasively. c. Ethically. d. forcefully. e. consistently.
C
61. Which of the following does your textbook recommend that you do in the conclusion of your first speech? a. Let the audience know your speech is ending. b. Reinforce the central idea of your speech. c. End on a clever or thought-provoking note. d. all of the above e. a and b only
D
66. The process of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas is known as a. linking b. aggregating c. deliberating d. brainstorming e. advocating
D
90. To say that people usually want to hear about things that are meaningful to them is to say that people are a. empathetic. b. eclectic. c. egotistic. d. egalitarian. e. egocentric.
E
2. To say that public speaking is a way to make a difference about something we care about is to recognize that public speaking is a. a form of empowerment. b. a skill similar to conversation. c. an art more than a science. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.
A
24. Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical speechmaking? a. Be fully prepared for each speech. b. Explain your credibility in the introduction. c. Present your main points in nontechnical language. d. Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends. e. Be alert to feedback from the audience.
A
29. All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for ethical speechmaking except a. Explain your motives for speaking to the audience. b. Put your ethical principles into practice. c. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language. d. Make sure your goals are ethically sound. e. Be fully prepared for each speech.
A
32. Having spent two years working in a television newsroom, Madison decided to give her informative speech on that topic. Because she knew a lot about it and was comfortable speaking to an audience, she didn't spend much time preparing. As a result, her speech was poorly organized, ran overtime, and did not have a clear message. Which guideline for ethical public speaking discussed in your textbook did Madison fail to live up to? a. Be fully prepared for each speech. b. Make sure your goals are ethically sound. c. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language. d. Be honest in what you say. e. Avoid plagiarism.
A
39. Fletcher is listening for pleasure as a friend discusses her trip to Australia. According to your textbook, Fletcher is engaged in __________ listening. a. appreciative b. receptive c. personal d. comprehensive e. empathic
A
45. Brad is listening to a speaker explain how a new computer program works so Brad can use it in his business. According to your textbook, Brad is engaged in __________ listening. a. passive b. appreciative c. active d. comprehensive e. empathic
A
48. According to your textbook, when you listen to evaluate a speaker's message for purposes of accepting it or rejecting it, what kind of listening is involved? a. critical b. reflective c. evaluative d. empathic e. comprehensive
A
6. When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra __________ , a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress. a. adrenaline b. serotonin c. potassium d. glauconite e. cortisone
A
60. As your textbook explains, each main point of your first speech should a. cover a single aspect of the topic. b. have its own introduction. c. end with an internal summary. d. be preceded by a preview statement. e. begin with a question.
A
65. According to your textbook, brainstorming is especially helpful when you are having trouble a. choosing a speech topic. b. determining the general purpose. c. determining the specific purpose. d. phrasing the central idea. e. analyzing the audience.
A
70. Advocating a position is most appropriate when the general purpose of your speech is to a. persuade. b. inspire. c. deliberate. d. entertain. e. inform.
A
71. When the general purpose of your speech is to __________ , you act primarily as a teacher or lecturer. a. inform b. convince c. entertain d. persuade e. convert
A
72. When the general purpose of your speech is to __________ , you act primarily as an advocate. a. persuade b. entertain c. demonstrate d. commemorate e. inform
A
81. As your textbook explains, the primary purpose of speechmaking is to a. gain a desired response from listeners. b. learn more about the speech topic. c. gain experience as a speaker. d. try out new ideas with an audience. e. display the speaker's knowledge.
A
83. Audience-centeredness means that public speakers should a. keep the audience foremost in mind throughout the speechmaking process. b. use any means necessary to gain the assent of the audience. c. avoid choosing topics that are controversial. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.
A
98. According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience? a. age b. interest c. size d. attitude e. knowledge
A
100. A listener's ethical obligation to avoid prejudging a speaker means that a listener should a. agree with everything the speaker says. b. strive to understand the speaker before criticizing his or her ideas. c. focus on the speaker's delivery when responding to the speech. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.
B
12. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches? a. Visualize the worst things that could happen. b. Turn negative thoughts into positive thoughts. c. Avoid making direct eye contact with the audience. d. Stay up late the night before to finish preparing. e. Generate extra adrenaline as you speak.
B
31. For his informative speech, Douglas told his classmates how to get free food at a drive-through restaurant. Rather than focusing on legitimate deals, such as student discounts or coupons, Douglas talked about ways to trick employees into believing you had already paid for food when you had not. His instructor gave the speech a poor grade because it violated the ethical criteria for public speaking presented in your textbook. The guideline Douglas violated was: a. Be fully prepared for each speech. b. Make sure your goals are ethically sound. c. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language. d. Adapt to your audience's frame of reference. e. Avoid plagiarism.
B
44. Julia is listening to her meteorology professor explain how to interpret images from Doppler radar. Because Julia's goal is to understand the information being presented, she is engaged in __________ listening. a. attentive b. comprehensive c. appreciative d. empathic e. critical
B
49. According to your textbook, a common mistake students make when developing their first speech is a. using PowerPoint improperly. b. trying to cover too much material. c. not doing enough library research. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.
B
53. As explained in your textbook, the three main parts of a speech are called a. the opening, the center, and the end. b. the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. c. the attention-getter, the main section, and the ending. d. the preview, the main points, and the close. e. the beginning, the core, and the conclusion.
B
57. For his first speech, Peter is organizing his ideas around three holiday customs that were passed down by his Polish grandparents. According to your textbook, Peter's speech will most likely be organized in __________ order. a. familial b. topical c. chronological d. geographical e. personal
B
62. According to your textbook, the type of delivery in which you plan your speech in detail and learn it well without trying to memorize the exact wording is called a. conventional. b. extemporaneous. c. methodical d. extraneous. e. intuitive.
B
77. "To inform my audience about the three basic steps in preventive medicine" is an example of a a. main point. b. specific purpose. c. thesis statement. d. central idea. e. general purpose.
B
87. The process by which a speaker seeks to create a bond with listeners by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences is referred to as ___________ by communication scholars. a. framing b. identification c. egocentrism d. structuring e. affiliation
B
92. The fact that audiences are egocentric means that a. listeners believe their cultural group is superior to all other groups. b. listeners are concerned above all with how a speech will affect them. c. listeners interpret the speech through the speaker's frame of reference. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.
B
97. According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience? a. their size b. their sexual orientation c. their attitude toward the speaker d. their knowledge about the subject e. their attitude toward the occasion
B
43. Nuzhat is listening to provide emotional support to her friend Sousan, who is talking about the health of her aging parents. According to your textbook, Nuzhat is engaged in __________ listening. a. critical b. appreciative c. empathic d. intimate e. comprehensive
C
46. Leon is listening to his chemistry instructor review the steps for this week's lab assignment. Because Leon has to understand and follow these directions carefully, your textbook would say he is engaged in __________ listening. a. assertive b. empathic c. comprehensive d. appreciative e. engaged
C
54. According to your textbook, the first thing a speaker needs to do in the introduction of a speech is to a. identify the topic of the speech. b. tell the audience his or her name. c. get the interest and attention of the audience. d. preview the purpose of the speech. e. explain the speech assignment.
C
13. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches? a. Tell your audience how nervous you are. b. Avoid making eye contact with the audience. c. Focus on achieving perfection in your speech. d. Visualize yourself giving a successful speech. e. Memorize your conclusion word for word.
D
21. As a public speaker, you face ethical issues when a. selecting the topic for your speech. b. researching your speech. c. organizing your speech. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.
D
23. In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a. the persuasive goals of the speaker. b. an interpretation of the U.S. Constitution. c. the frame of reference of the audience. d. a set of ethical guidelines or standards. e. the majority views of public opinion.
D
3. As your textbook explains, many of the skills used in public speaking are the same as those used in everyday conversation. These skills include a. telling a story for maximum impact. b. tailoring your message to your audience. c. organizing your thoughts logically. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.
D
30. All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for ethical speechmaking except a. Be fully prepared for each speech. b. Make sure your goals are ethically sound. c. Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language. d. Respect your listeners' frame of reference. e. Put your ethical principles into practice.
D
33. People spend more time __________ than in any other communication activity. a. speaking b. writing c. reading d. listening e. discussing
D
34. Even when we are listening carefully, we usually grasp only about __________ percent of what we hear. a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50 e. 60
D
36. According to your textbook, effective listening can help you do which of the following? a. gather information and communicate it accurately to others b. learn effective techniques that you can use in your own speeches c. get promoted in your job d. all of the above e. a and c only
D
37. According to your textbook, effective listening skills are important for a. speakers. b. audiences. c. students. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.
D
4. How much time does the average adult spend in conversation? a. about 50 percent of waking hours b. about 10 percent of waking hours c. about 20 percent of waking hours d. about 30 percent of waking hours e. about 40 percent of waking hours
D
47. A new class registration system has been established on campus. Tonight, a representative from the Registrar's office will speak about how to use the new system. You will be listening to the speaker in hopes of understanding the steps involved in registering for classes next semester. As explained in your textbook, you will be engaged in ___________ listening. a. intimate b. critical c. empathic d. comprehensive e. appreciative
D
5. Many of the skills used in public speaking are the same as those used in everyday conversation. These skills include a. organizing your thoughts logically. b. tailoring your message to your audience. c. adapting to listener feedback. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.
D
50. Which of the following is appropriate when using humor in a public speech? a. gently making fun of common human quirks b. using obscenity or off-color language c. characterizing groups with negative stereotypes d. all of the above e. a and b only
D
51. Your textbook recommends that when you develop your first speech, you should look for ways to a. make the speech mysterious or suspenseful. b. use colorful, descriptive language. c. be creative in structuring your information. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.
D
52. Which of the following does your textbook recommend for developing your first classroom speech? a. Be creative in structuring the speech. b. Use colorful, descriptive language. c. Describe an exciting experience. d. all of the above e. b and c only
D
56. According to your textbook, "Now that you know about Julio's interest in photography, let's look at his passion for snowboarding" is an example of a a. bridge. b. conclusion. c. conversion. d. transition. e. summary.
D
67. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a method of brainstorming for a speech topic? a. clustering b. taking a personal inventory c. conducting an Internet search d. all of the above e. a and c only
D
7. According to your textbook, rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage fright, you should aim at transforming it into a. general anxiety. b. visualized adrenaline. c. professional stage fright. d. positive nervousness. e. confident apprehension.
D
8. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with stage fright? a. Acquire speaking experience. b. Turn negative thoughts into positive ones. c. Don't expect perfection. d. all of the above e. a and b only
D
84. Audience analysis is an important factor in which of the following? a. selecting a topic b. organizing the speech c. choosing supporting materials d. all of the above e. a and c only
D
85. Audience adaptation is an important factor in which of the following? a. choosing the speech topic b. preparing the speech c. presenting the speech d. all of the above e. a and b only
D
96. According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience? a. knowledge about the subject b. attitude toward the speaker c. interest in the topic d. physical setting e. cultural background
E
64. A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes is called a(n) __________ speech. a. extemporaneous b. spontaneous c. transitional d. contemporaneous e. informative
A
1. When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, it means that public speaking is a. a way to manipulate people. b. a way to make a difference in something we care about. c. a way to make everyone see things through our frame of reference. d. a way to demonstrate how clever we are. e. a way to make bad ideas seem good.
B
22. In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a. the frame of reference of the audience. b. a set of ethical guidelines or standards. c. the speaker's strategic objectives. d. a socially accepted code of legal rules. e. the personal opinions of the speaker.
B
11. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches? a. Concentrate on thinking about your stage fright. b. Work especially hard on your conclusion. c. Avoid making eye contact with your audience. d. Try to generate extra adrenaline as you speak. e. Think of your speech as an act of communication.
E
14. One way to build confidence as a speaker is to create a vivid mental blueprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speech. According to your textbook, this process is called a. representation. b. imagistic practice. c. anticipatory rehearsal. d. foreshadowing. e. Visualization.
E
26. Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical speechmaking? a. Put ethical principles into practice. b. Adapt to the audience's frame of reference. c. Make sure your goals are ethically sound. d. all of the above e. a and c only
E
27. All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for ethical speechmaking except a. Be honest in what you say. b. Avoid name calling and other forms of abusive language. c. Be fully prepared for each speech. d. Make sure your goals are ethically sound. e. Explain your credibility on the speech topic.
E
18. As your textbook makes clear, speechmaking carries heavy ethical responsibilities because it is a form of a. Power. b. authenticity. c. self-expression. d. Communication. e. privilege.
A
89. In her speech introduction, Suya said, "Though we are all very different, we are all students here at this university and are all working toward the completion of a degree. Unfortunately, because of rising tuition, some of us may lose the ability to continue in school." According to your textbook, by seeking to create a bond with her audience through emphasizing their common goals and experiences, Suya was engaging in a. identification. b. stereotyping. c. ethnocentrism. d. comparison. e. framing.
A
93. What are the two types of audience analysis discussed in your textbook? a. demographic and situational b. personal and impersonal c. occupational and educational d. psychological and sociological e. descriptive and analytical
A
94. One of the ways speakers analyze audiences is by looking at traits such as age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, group membership, and racial, ethnic and cultural background. According to your textbook, what is this called? a. demographic audience analysis b. psychological audience analysis c. background audience analysis d. situational audience analysis e. descriptive audience analysis
A
28. Which of the following are included in your textbook as guidelines for ethical speechmaking? a. Make sure your goals are ethically sound, stay within your time limits, and practice your speech delivery. b. Be honest in what you say, be fully prepared for each speech, and make sure your goals are ethically sound. c. Avoid global plagiarism, use quotations rather than paraphrases, and put your ethical principals into practice. d. Be fully prepared for each speech, avoid name-calling, and stay within your time limits. e. Establish your credibility, be honest in what you say, and put your ethical principles into practice.
B
40. Lance is enjoying Chris Rock's stand-up comedy routine at the Civic Center. According to your textbook, Lance is engaged in __________ listening. a. critical b. appreciative c. comprehensive d. empathic e. intimate
B
42. Gerald is listening to comfort a friend whose apartment has just been burglarized. According to your textbook, Gerald is engaged in __________ listening. a. intimate b. empathic c. comprehensive d. appreciative e. sympathetic
B
74. The __________ expresses precisely what you hope to accomplish with your speech. a. central idea b. specific purpose c. preview statement d. thesis statement e. goal statement
B
15. According to your textbook, when you employ the power of visualization as a method of controlling stage fright, you should a. decrease the time necessary for preparing your speech. b. keep your mental pictures from becoming too vivid. c. focus on the positive aspects of your speech. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.
C
16. Research has shown that the anxiety level of most speakers drops off significantly a. before they rise to speak. b. as soon as they begin to speak. c. when they are 30 to 60 seconds into the speech. d. after they reach the middle of the speech. e. none of the above.
C
20. According to your textbook, the branch of philosophy that deals with human issues of right and wrong is termed a. morality. b. rationalism. c. Ethics. d. legality. e. existentialism.
C
25. Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical speechmaking? a. Explain your motives for speaking. b. Cite your sources in the introduction. c. Make sure your goals are ethically sound. d. all of the above e. a and c only
C
35. When business managers are asked to list the communication skills most crucial to their job, they usually rank __________ number one. a. conversation b. critical thinking c. listening d. public speaking e. writing
C
38. Sarah is listening to her roommate to provide emotional support in a time of distress. According to your textbook, Sarah is engaged in __________ listening. a. critical b. appreciative c. empathic d. personal e. comprehensive
C
86. Audience adaptation is an important factor in which of the following steps of the speechmaking process? a. formulating a specific purpose b. writing an introduction and conclusion c. choosing visual aids d. all of the above e. a and b only
D
9. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches? a. Visualize yourself giving a successful speech. b. Concentrate on communicating with the audience, rather than on your nerves. c. Choose a topic you care about and prepare thoroughly for the speech. d. all of the above e. b and c only
D
75. According to your textbook, the specific purpose for a speech should a. include a reference to the audience. b. be written as a full infinitive phrase. c. be expressed as a question. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.
E
76. "To inform my audience about the history of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation" is an example of a a. speech topic. b. general purpose. c. central idea. d. thesis statement. e. specific purpose.
E
79. "To inform my audience about the four major elements in rope climbing" is an example of a a. speech topic. b. general purpose. c. central idea. d. thesis statement. e. specific purpose.
E
