Multiple Sclerosis- pearson
Lumbar puncture Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MRI and lumbar puncture are diagnostic tests that are useful in diagnosing MS. An MRI is used to detect the presence of lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) that indicate demyelination. A lumbar puncture is used to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is tested for the presence of substances that indicate the presence of MS. Electrocardiography, colonoscopy, and cystoscopy are not used to diagnose MS.
The nurse admits a client suspected of having multiple sclerosis (MS). Which diagnostic test should the nurse expect to be ordered? (Select all that apply.) Cystoscopy Electrocardiography Colonoscopy Lumbar puncture Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
4 An expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score of 4 or greater marks the transition from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) to secondary-progressive MS.
As part of an assessment for a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS), the nurse completes the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Which score leads the nurse to determine that the patient is transitioning from relapsing-remitting MS to secondary-progressive MS? 2.5 2 4 3.5
Children often experience seizures. Children with multiple sclerosis (MS) often experience seizures and mental status changes that are not common in adults. Only 2-5% of patients develop MS as children. Children have a higher rate of relapse than adults. Although MS progresses more slowly in children than in adults, disability often occurs at a younger age because of the early onset of symptoms.
The nurse is preparing a presentation on multiple sclerosis (MS). Which manifestion should the nurse include that is more prominent in children than adults with MS ? Children have a lower rate of relapse than adults. MS is more common in children than adults. Children often experience seizures. MS progresses more quickly in children than adults.
Urinary tract infections Urinary tract infections are a common complication of multiple sclerosis (MS) because of urinary retention. Blindness, not deafness, is a complication of MS. Pain from muscle spasms, not abdominal pain, and a diminished cough reflex, not shortness of breath, are complications of MS.
The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which complication of MS should the nurse include in the teaching? Deafness Abdominal pain Urinary tract infections Shortness of breath
Difficulty chewing A common manifestation of multiple sclerosis is difficulty chewing; it should be included in client teaching. Frequent dry cough, fever, and hypertension are not manifestations of multiple sclerosis.
The nurse is preparing to teach about the manifestations of multiple sclerosis to a client newly diagnosed with the disease. Which manifestation should the nurse include in this teaching? Difficulty chewing Hypertension Fever Frequent dry cough
Gait When assessing a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), it is most important for the nurse to assess the patient's gait because this is most affected by the disease and can interfere with the patient's safety. Sight, not hearing ability, might also be affected. Bowel sounds and peripheral pulses are not affected by MS.
Which assessment is most important for the nurse to make for a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS)? Hearing ability Gait Peripheral pulses Bowel sounds
Relapsing-remitting MS Disease-modifying therapies are not approved or used for the treatment of progressive forms of MS; they are only used for the relapsing-remitting form. Clients with progressive forms are treated with medications that are specific for their symptoms.
A client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) is being treated with disease-modifying therapy. Which form of MS should the nurse suspect the client has? Progressive-relapsing MS Secondary-progressive MS Primary-progressive MS Relapsing-remitting MS
MRI The patient is experiencing symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, the patient has several risk factors that trigger the immune response that may result in MS. These risk factors include age, gender, smoking, and having a first-degree relative with MS. The nurse would anticipate that the healthcare provider would suggest an MRI because it will help detect lesions in the central nervous system indicating demyelination. Chest x-ray, electrocardiography, and upper endoscopy are not used to diagnose MS.
A 39-year-old patient reports numbness in the hands and feet, blurred vision, and vertigo. During the health history, the patient reports smoking and informs the nurse that their sister has multiple sclerosis (MS). Which diagnostic test should the nurse anticipate being prescribed by the healthcare provider? Upper endoscopy Electrocardiography MRI Chest x-ray
MS causes damage to the axons in the optic nerve. Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes damage to all areas of the central nervous system (CNS), including the optic nerve. MS damages the axons in the CNS. The retina is within the globe of the eye and is not a part of the CNS. Glaucoma causes an increase in the pressure inside the eye. Cataracts cause clouding of the lens in the eye.
A 53-year-old patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) reports vision difficulties to the nurse. Which process of MS should the nurse consider as the cause of the vision difficulty? MS causes damage to the axons in the optic nerve. MS causes clouding of the lens in the eye. MS causes damage to the retina. MS causes an increase in the fluid pressure inside the eye.
Assisting client in identifying modifications that may be needed Continuing a long-standing hobby is possible. The client will need help to assist with some planned modifications. The visual blurring of MS combined with spasticity would make working on intricate patterns difficult. Short-term memory loss and difficulty with word finding may make remembering and describing previous projects difficult.
A client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) asks the nurse whether woodworking and carving objects can still be done as a hobby. Which response by the nurse is correct ? Assisting client in identifying modifications that may be needed Advising client to increase intricate patterns of work Having client remember and describe how all previous projects were assembled Telling client to continue to use all the woodworking tools as before
Bee venom therapy Bee venom therapy carries more risk (due to anaphylactic shock) to the client than benefit, so it is the therapy that most concerns the nurse. Therapeutic horseback riding and acupuncture have low risk and may be beneficial for some clients and for some symptoms. Low-dose naltrexone has been shown to improve quality of life, but has no impact on physical symptoms. It should not concern the nurse.
A client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) tells the nurse about exploring complementary health practices to help deal with the MS. Which health practice should concern the nurse most? Low-dose naltrexone Therapeutic horseback riding Bee venom therapy Acupuncture
Turning down the shower's temperature Temperature extremes should be avoided by the client with MS, so the client should have a warm, not hot, shower. A heated bedroom with closed windows might help with MS symptoms. Rest is essential to fight fatigue, so the client should keep the post-lunch nap. Rather than continuing to keep night hours, the client might find that getting things done in the morning hours is easier.
The nurse formulates the plan of care for a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The client stays up late at night, takes long hot showers, sleeps in a cool bedroom, loves fresh air all year round, and naps after lunch. Which lifestyle changes should the nurse suggest for the client? Eliminating the post-lunch nap Turning the bedroom heat off and opening the windows Turning down the shower's temperature Keeping night hours
Depression Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive, and incurable disease. It is most important for the nurse to assess the patient with MS for depression and suicidal ideations at each healthcare encounter. MS does not cause hallucinations or psychosis in the patient. Dementia is not assessed at each healthcare encounter.
The nurse assesses a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which psychosocial problem should the nurse be sure to assess the patient for at each healthcare interaction? Dementia Psychosis Depression Hallucinations
Difficulty chewing and swallowing Patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) often have difficulty chewing and swallowing food. This presents a safety problem of potential airway obstruction and is the most important dietary problem the nurse should address. MS does not normally cause difficulty in smelling or tasting food. Patients may be provided with adaptive aids if they have difficulty feeding themselves, but this is not the most important problem. Constipation or decreased sphincter control, not diarrhea, is a problem caused by MS
The nurse discusses nutrition issues with a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which safety problem, identified by the patient, leads the nurse to determine that the teaching was successful? Difficulty smelling or tasting food Diarrhea Difficulty chewing and swallowing Difficulty feeding self
Physical therapy Vocational rehabilitation Occupational therapy Cognitive therapy Vocational rehabilitation should be consulted because this service trains the client to use assistive devices. Physical therapy should be consulted because this service will help to maintain mobility and optimal functioning. Occupational therapy should be consulted because this service will enhance independence, productivity, safety, and retention of skills. Cognitive therapy should be consulted because this service will help to improve the client's ability to think, reason, concentrate, and remember. A pastoral care consultation will not help to improve the client's functional status.
The nurse is planning care for a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which collaborative service should be consulted to help maintain or improve the functional status of this client? (Select all that apply.) Physical therapy Vocational rehabilitation Occupational therapy Pastoral care Cognitive therapy
The client will participate in an exercise program to maintain independence. The client will state methods to reduce urinary incontinence. The client will receive psychologic counseling as needed. Appropriate goals for the client with MS include participating in an exercise program to maintain independence, stating methods to reduce urinary incontinence, and receiving psychologic counseling as needed. Constipation, not diarrhea, is usually a problem for clients with MS. Because fatigue is also a problem, clients should receive at least 8 hours of sleep each night.
Which goal is appropriate for the nurse to set for a client with multiple sclerosis (MS)? (Select all that apply.) The client will verbalize methods to prevent and treat diarrhea. The client will participate in an exercise program to maintain independence. The client will state methods to reduce urinary incontinence. The client will receive psychologic counseling as needed. The client will sleep 5 hours per night.
Risk of fatigue Impaired physical mobility Risk of hopelessness Altered urinary elimination patterns When planning care for a client diagnosed with MS, the nurse needs to address the following problems: impaired physical mobility, risk of fatigue, altered urinary elimination patterns, and risk of hopelessness. Acute pain is not a problem that needs to be addressed when planning care for a client with MS.
Which problem should the nurse include in the plan of care for a client with multiple sclerosis (MS)? (Select all that apply.) Acute pain Risk of fatigue Impaired physical mobility Risk of hopelessness Altered urinary elimination patterns
"Symptoms will flare up at times, with periods of partial or complete remission." A client with relapsing-remitting MS will experience periods of flare-ups followed by periods of partial or complete remission. Clients experience slow but continuous worsening of disease with no remissions with primary-progressive MS. Clients experience progressive worsening of the disease with periods of flare-ups with progressive-relapsing MS. Symptoms of MS typically develop immediately, not several years after diagnosis.
A client has been diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Which statement by the nurse most accurately explains to the client the onset of symptoms with this type of MS? "Symptoms will develop slowly, but continuously with no periods of remission." "Symptoms will flare up at times, with periods of partial or complete remission." "Symptoms will become progressively worse with periods of flare-ups." "Symptoms will not develop for at least several years after diagnosis."
The client reports previous episodes, each lasting 1-day, and then no problems for at least 1 month. MS can cause episodes lasting for more than 24 hours, and the episodes occur more than 1 month apart. 1-week duration is too short to suspect multiple sclerosis; MS is diagnosed from manifestations that last over a period of months; the client reports are not necessarily consistent with multiple sclerosis. MS does not cause a rapid heart rate. The client could be describing a cardiac disorder that is causing weakness from decreased cardiac output. Back pain for a few days is more consistent with a back injury. The weakness in the legs could be from MS or from a back injury.
A client presents with double vision and increasing weakness in the lower extremities. Which additional information should lead the nurse to expect that diagnostic testing for multiple sclerosis (MS) will be ordered? The client reports previous episodes, each lasting 1-day, and then no problems for at least 1 month. The client reports pain in the lower back for the past few days. The client reports episodes of rapid heart rate during periods of weakness in the lower extremities. The client reports increasing manifestations over the past week.
Physical therapy Physical therapy helps clients with walking, strength, and balance issues. Occupational therapy enhances independence and activities dealing with activities of daily living (ADLs). Speech therapy is used for speech or swallowing problems. Cognitive therapy treats changes in the ability to think, reason, concentrate, and remember.
A client with multiple sclerosis reports difficulty walking. Which collaborative therapy should the nurse request? Speech therapy Cognitive therapy Physical therapy Occupational therapy
Numbness in the limbs A tactile manifestation associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) that the nurse should assess the patient for is numbness, especially in the hands or legs. Blurred vision and color vision deficit are manifestations associated with visual deficits in a patient with MS. Short-term memory loss is a cognitive dysfunction associated with MS.
A patient is newly diagnosed with secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Which tactile manifestation should the nurse expect on assessment? Color vision deficit Numbness in the limbs Blurred vision Short-term memory loss
Teaching proper use of antipyretics Even small increases in body temperature can affect conduction through partially demyelinated fibers and can trigger a relapse. Therefore, teaching the patient proper use of antipyretics can decrease the number and severity of relapses. All other strategies-performing ADLs when energy levels are high, use of assistive devices when walking, and a bladder training program-promote independence and do not reduce relapses.
A patient with multiple sclerosis is experiencing frequent relapses. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to implement to help reduce the number and severity of relapses? Providing a bladder training program Teaching the patient to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) when energy levels are high Teaching proper use of antipyretics Teaching assistive device use for walking
"The drug treatment you are on may be harmful to the fetus." Pharmacologic treatment of MS involves drugs that may be harmful to a fetus. Evidence suggests that pregnancy does not influence the overall course of disease, and MS does not affect a woman's ability to become pregnant. Pregnant women are usually protected from exacerbations during the second and third trimester, but they have a 20dash-40% risk of developing a flare-up in the first 6 months postpartum.
A young woman with multiple sclerosis is planning to get pregnant. She asks the nurse, "What are the risks?" Which response by the nurse is correct? "The drug treatment you are on may be harmful to the fetus." "You should plan to have difficulty getting pregnant." "You may have exacerbations during your last trimester." "Pregnancy may cause your disease to progress faster."
Encourage the client to wear arm or wrist braces. Maintaining independence with self-care is important for the client with MS because it promotes a positive self-image and encourages participation in social activities. Encouraging the client to wear or use assistive devices as necessary promotes independence. Wearing arm or wrist braces provides stability during self-care activities. Self-care activities should be performed when energy levels are high, not at the end of the day when the client is fatigued. Receiving assistance with food preparation can promote independence with other activities of daily living (ADLs). Clients should consume adequate fluid intake, not limit fluids.
The nurse caring for a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) identifies a goal of promoting self-care. Which intervention should the nurse include? Encourage the client to wear arm or wrist braces. Teach the client to perform self-care activities at the end of the day. Encourage the client to take responsibility for all food preparation duties. Teach the client to limit fluid intake.
Teaching of good body mechanics Assessment of home safety Teaching of a bladder training program Before discharging a client diagnosed with MS, the nurse should conduct a home safety assessment to determine the client's ability to function safely at home and to evaluate the need for any assistance at home. The nurse should also teach the client the basics of good body mechanics to prevent injuries and a bladder-training program to help the client remain continent. Arranging for a pastoral care consult and instruction for a low fat, low salt diet are not appropriate interventions for a client diagnosed with MS.
The nurse conducts discharge planning for a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which intervention should the nurse include? (Select all that apply). Teaching of good body mechanics Instruction for a low fat, low salt diet Assessment of home safety Teaching of a bladder training program Arrangement for pastoral care consultation
The presence of infection In evaluating the patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), the nurse should continually monitor for the presence of infection since infection can trigger an exacerbation of the disease. Primary-progressive MS does not progress to secondary-progressive MS; relapsing-remitting MS progresses to secondary-progressive MS. MS does not result in psychoses or dental disease, so these assessments are not part of the evaluation process.
The nurse evaluates a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) to determine if treatment was successful. Which assessment should the nurse include as a part of the evaluation process? The development of dental disease The development of psychoses in the patient The presence of infection The progression from primary-progressive MS to secondary-progressive MS
Need for assistive devices Emotional stability of the client Presence of complications MS is an ever-changing disease that requires constant evaluation. The evaluation process should include the presence of complications such as infection because complications may lead to an exacerbation. The nurse should also evaluate the need for assistive devices and the emotional stability of the client because depression is common in clients with MS. Bowel sounds are not affected by MS. Relapsing-remitting MS may progress to secondary-progressive MS, not primary-progressive MS.
The nurse evaluates the care of a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which assessment should the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.) Need for assistive devices Emotional stability of the client Bowel sounds The progression from relapsing-remitting MS to primary-progressive MS Presence of complications
Disease-modifying therapy Disease-modifying therapies decrease the number of relapses that a patient experiences. This therapy is not approved for progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, patients with MS are often treated with medications specific to their symptoms. Occupational therapy is used to enhance independence, productivity, and safety in relation to activities for personal care, leisure, and employment. Acupuncture may be used to relieve some symptoms associated with MS.
The nurse is administering a newly prescribed therapy to a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS), which is expected to decrease the number of relapses the patient experiences. Which therapy is the nurse most likely administering? Medication for a specific manifestation Occupational therapy Acupuncture Disease-modifying therapy
Lack of coordination Double vision Spastic movements Double vision is consistent with multiple sclerosis; multiple sclerosis (MS) causes demyelination and plaque formation in the central nervous system, including damage to the optic nerve. Spastic movements are consistent with MS because it is an upper motor neuron disorder; these disorders involve the central nervous system and cause spasticity. Lack of coordination is consistent with multiple sclerosis; coordination and balance are controlled in the cerebellum, and damage to nerve transmission in the cerebellum can cause loss of coordination and poor balance. Decreased level of consciousness is not a manifestation that is directly related to multiple sclerosis. Tachycardia, or rapid heart rate, is not a manifestation of multiple sclerosis.
The nurse is assessing a client suspected of having multiple sclerosis. Which manifestation should the nurse expect to observe in the client? (Select all that apply.) Lack of coordination Decreased level of consciousness Double vision Tachycardia Spastic movements
"You need to watch your child closely for seizures." Children with multiple sclerosis (MS) often experience seizures and mental status changes that are not common in adults. Only 2-5% of patients develop MS as children. Children have a higher rate of relapse than adults. Although MS progresses more slowly in children than in adults, disability often occurs at a younger age because of the early onset of symptoms.
The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The nurse teaches the child's parents about the disease. Which statement is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching? "You need to watch your child closely for seizures." "Your child should have a lower rate of relapse than adults." "MS develops more often in children than in adults." "Because your child developed MS as a child, the likelihood of disability is decreased."
Speech therapy Speech therapy is beneficial for patients with speech or swallowing problems. Physical therapy emphasizes walking, strength, and balance. Occupational therapy is used to enhance independence and help patients with personal care. Cognitive therapy helps treat changes in the patient's ability to think, reason, concentrate, and remember.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) who is having difficulty swallowing. Which collaborative therapy should the nurse request? Speech therapy Occupational therapy Cognitive therapy Physical therapy
"These medications are used to decrease the number of relapses you experience." The primary purpose of disease-modifying therapies is to decrease the number of relapses a patient suffers. They do not decrease symptoms or relieve pain. Multiple sclerosis is not a curable disease.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The medication administration record contains several disease-modifying therapies. The patient asks the nurse, "What are all these medications for?" Which response by the nurse is accurate? "These medications are used to decrease the number of relapses you experience." "These medications are used to decrease your symptoms." "These medications will relieve your pain." "These medications are used to cure your disease."
Relapsing-remitting Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common type of MS, affecting almost 85% of patients. Primary-progressive affects approximately 10% of patients with MS. Patients with secondary-progressive MS have an initial period of relapsing-remitting, followed by a progressive form of the disease. Progressive-relapsing is rare and only occurs in 5% of the population with MS.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with the most common type of multiple sclerosis (MS). Which type does the patient have? Relapsing-remitting Secondary-progressive Primary-progressive Progressive-relapsing
The age and gender Multiple sclerosis (MS) typically strikes between the ages of 20 and 50. Women are affected twice as often as men. These two factors combined would make a 60-year-old male patient less likely to find a peer in a support group. A recent diagnosis would not necessarily make the patient different from other group members. Marital status has no effect on the likelihood of their finding a peer in the support group.
The nurse is concerned that a 60-year-old single man, who is newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), will not fit in with an outpatient support group. Which of the patient's characteristics is of concern to the nurse? The age and gender The recent timing of the diagnosis and marital status The gender and marital status The age and marital status
Using distraction techniques Distraction techniques are methods of stress reduction and should be recommended. Dragging of the feet and foot drop could cause the patient to fall, eliminating hiking as a reasonable choice. Visual deficits could prove to be an obstacle when reading. Difficulty in chewing and dysphagia can occur due to the effects of multiple sclerosis (MS), which precludes a focus on eating exotic foods.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with numerous symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) who has been diagnosed with Stress Overload. Which activity should the nurse recommend? Eating exotic foods Hiking Reading books Using distraction techniques
Factors that affect symptoms Onset of symptoms Exposure to environmental hazards When performing a health history on a client with multiple sclerosis, the nurse needs to obtain information about factors that affect symptoms, onset of symptoms, and exposure to environmental hazards. Cranial nerve and reflex assessment are part of the physical examination.
The nurse is performing a health history of a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which data should the nurse gather? (Select all that apply.) Cranial nerve assessment Factors that affect symptoms Reflex assessment Onset of symptoms Exposure to environmental hazards
Epstein-Barr virus Risk factors that may trigger immune responses resulting in multiple sclerosis (MS) include Epstein-Barr viral infection and environmental toxins. Alcohol intake, advancing age, and bacterial infections are not among the risk factors. Patients between the ages of 20 and 40 years are at greater risk for developing MS.
The nurse is planning a presentation to a community group about the risk factors that may trigger the immune response in multiple sclerosis (MS). Which risk factor should the nurse include in the presentation? Bacterial infection Epstein-Barr virus Use of alcohol Advancing age
Pregnancy will not affect the progression of MS. Research has shown that pregnancy does not affect the normal course of multiple sclerosis (MS), and MS does not affect a woman's ability to become pregnant. Pregnant women are usually protected from exacerbations during the second or third trimester, and they usually experience decreased pain during labor because of sensory deficits.
The nurse is preparing a presentation to young women with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which statement should the nurse include? During labor, a woman with MS will experience more pain. Pregnancy will not affect the progression of MS. The stress of pregnancy in the last two trimesters causes increased exacerbations. Women with MS have a very difficult time getting pregnant.
Older adult living with MS typically show more severe symptoms than younger people. Older adults, because of the aging process and the progression of the multiple sclerosis (MS), experience increasing muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass. This results in more severe symptoms of MS than in younger patients. Older adults are typically more receptive to using assistive devices than they were when they were younger. Children experience seizures as a manifestation of MS; children also account for 2-5% of patients diagnosed with MS.
The nurse is preparing for a discussion with a community group of caregivers for older adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which statement should the nurse plan to include? Older adults often experience seizures as a clinical manifestation of MS. Older adult living with MS typically show more severe symptoms than younger people. Older adults only comprise 2-5% of the patients living with MS. Older adults are typically more resistant to using assistive devices than younger people.
Stress Fatigue Increases in body temperature While there are no common triggers for relapses in MS, several factors such as stress, fatigue, and increases in body temperature may influence a relapse. MS may cause constipation; it is not a cause of a relapse. Acetaminophen may be used to reduce body temperature to prevent a relapse; however, it does not cause a relapse in symptoms.
The nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) about the factors that may precipitate a relapse. Which factor should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) Acetaminophen use Stress Constipation Fatigue Increases in body temperature
"I should start a regular jogging program." Mild exercise programs, such as walking and swimming, are recommended for patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) to increase muscle strength and balance. Jogging is too strenuous and may cause the patient to become overheated, which may cause an exacerbation of symptoms. Getting plenty of rest will combat the fatigue that is common with MS. T'ai chi can help the patient reduce stress.
The nurse is teaching a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) how to reduce complications and exacerbations of the disease. Which patient statement should indicate to the nurse that further teaching is necessary? "I need to avoid getting overheated." "I should make sure to get plenty of sleep each night." "I think that I will try t'ai chi." "I should start a regular jogging program."
The client's affect The client's speech The clients balance As part of the physical examination, the nurse should assess the client's balance, affect, and speech because these all may be affected by the disease. Breath sounds and the ability to hear are generally not affected by MS.
The nurse performs an admission assessment on a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which assessment should the nurse perform as a part of the physical examination? (Select all that apply.) The client's ability to hear The client's affect The client's speech The clients balance The client's breathing sounds
Many trips to the radiology department The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) will use radiology department testing, such as MRIs, CT scans, and PET scans. MRIs will show lesions in the brain and determine disease progression. CT scans will show lesions in the white matter. PET scans will show brain activity and identify abnormalities. Blood testing, urine samples, and cognitive-task testing do not provide definitive diagnostic results for MS.
The nurse should prepare the patient suspected of having multiple sclerosis (MS) for which diagnostic testing? Cognitive task testing Multiple urine samples Many trips to the radiology department A number of blood draws
