Muscle cell=muscle fiber
myoblast
A primitive muscle cell having the potential to develop into a muscle fiber. Also called sarcoblast. Each myoblast has a nucleus.
Clostridium botulinum
Anaerobic. food is contaminating with deadly poison bacteria. Food absence of oxygen is contaminating with clostridium botulinum.
Motor unit
each skeletal muscle form a synapse. One neuron can stimulate a lot of muscle fibers plus neuron.
Botulism
exocytosis is prevented do not release an impulse.Cannot contract unless received impulse.
Ca++
free muscle relax.
hypertrophy
grow of the muscles cells. Gets thicker without increasing the number.
fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fiber
intermediate number of mitochondria intermediate number of myoglobin pink in color intermediate rate of fatigue intermediate power intermediate thickness use aerobic and anaerobic respiration(glycolytic) intermediate not as fast fail to contract.
cardiac muscle
ions flows.
Myofibers
is a bunch of sarcomere in the middle is another protein M middle Line.
sarcolema
is a cell membrane of a muscle cell.
aponeurosis
is a flat tendon like sheet paper that wraps (thigh)muscle together. Made up of dense regular C.T.
fascia
is a layer of connective tissue. ex.rectus abdominus.muscles don't meet
Curare
is a plant poison from the amazon. where exocytosis does happens neurotransmitter never made the Transverse tube and contraction did Not occur paralysis result. Receptor protein did not receive a neurotransmitter releases. like it's never been transmitted.
sliding filament mechanism theory
is a theory protein structure where sarcomere seems to be close together.During Muscle Contraction: The myosin heads on the thick filaments "hook" onto, and so pull, the thin filaments towards the centre (labelled "M-line") of each sacromere. The appearance of this action is shown above as the transistion from "relaxed" to "fully contracted" muscle. As the thin filaments slide over the thick filaments, the I bands and H zones becomes narrower and narrower until they disappear when the muscle reaches its fully contracted state.
hyperplasia
is an increase in number of normal cells in a tissue or organ.
I Band
is area between A bands, includes parts of two sarcomeres with Z disc in the middle
sarcoplasm
is the cytoplasm of muscle cells. All organelles inside of muscle cell, lot of nuclei.
transverse tubules
is the inward streching very closed contact in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Every tranverse tubule has sarcoplasm reticular both sides
fibrosis
is the process where injured filled the muscle with dense irregular connective tissue leaving scar. Doesn't contract
H zone
is the space between the thin filament
A band
is thick filament
skeletal muscle tissue
long cylindrical fiber with many peripherally located nuclei;striated.
electrochemicals Ions
moves in and out.
atrophy
muscle gets smaller because cells themselves get thinner, weaker. Same number, fiber are skinner.
sarcoplasm reticular
organells in endoplasmic reticular transports and vacuum Calcium ion. In fluid the blood is in ionic form every secuester ca++ inside of a sarcoplasm reticular.
triad
Terminal cytern, transverse tubule, terminal cystern Terminal cysterns opens up and spilled calciun ionic, it won't contract wihtout an impulse.
Thin filament
Troponin, tropomyosin, actin
fascicullus
a cluster of muscle fibers.All of the fasciculus form a muscle. Each cell is surrounded by areolar c.tissue.
Fibroblast
after a cut or burn skin and muscle badly damage. cells in c.t. produce d extracellular matrix filled up the holes with dense irregular c.tissue. Heals wound leaving scar thus it NOT contract.
ATP
Binding with calcium changes its shape and happened with a nerve impulse. If there is ATP we have a power stroke.
thin filament
are called Actin
myofibrils
are long skinny organelles run whole length cells, in every muscle cells. Contract the muscle because of proteins. thick,thin,thick,thin...etc.
thick filament
are made of Myosin
satellites cells
are mature myoblast which are good for reparing the cell membrane.
Endomysium
areolar connective tissue around each muscle cell.
tropomyosin and troponin
In relaxed muscle tropomyosin covers the myosin binding and blocked it from binding to actin. The strand of troponyosin is held in place by troponin molecules.
actin
Individual actin molecules join to form an actin filament that is twisted into a helix.On each actin is myosin-binding site where a myosin head can attach.
skeletal muscle
cell will not contract only if received the signal.
Hypertrophy
cells get bigger.Increase of the size of muscle cells.
Epimysium
cells wrapped by layer of Dense irregular connective tissue. WHOLE muscle.
sarcomere
define an area between z disc with an M line in the middle
neurotransmitters
do impulse to contract proteins in the muscle cells.
synapse
do not touch but very close.
Muscle cells=muscle fiber
single cell has a lot of nuclei.ENDOMYSIUM is areolar connective tissue surrounds the cell.
slow oxidative muscle fiber
smallest lots of mitochondria red in color lots of myoglobin lots of stamina low rate of fatigue thin not bulky do not have myofibrils(not powerful) slow to contract
types of filaments
thick filament and thin filament
terminal cystern
when impulse travel and reaches the triad( terminal cysterns , and transverse tubule)filled with terminal cysterns opens up and spilled Ca++.
Nerves impulse
when reaches the end of the neuron. Nerve to the muscle cells ipulse is iniciated the exocytosis.
linea alba
white line
Details
z disc is brought to the center and narrowed as the myocin's head bring them closer to the center. Whole myocin shrink actin filament moved closer together, can even overlapped. Myofibrillis got shorter, the sarcomere shrunk up.
types of muscle fiber
Slow oxidative muscle fiber. fast glycolytic muscle fiber. fast oxidative-glycolytic muscle fiber
Perymisum
Dense irregular connective tissue around the Fasciculus.
fast glycolytic muscle fiber
used glycolysis no mitochondria no myoglobin white in color quick red of fatigue very powerful a lot of thick myofibrils contract at great speed