Musculoskeletal 4

skin breakdown, wound infection, pneumonia, constipation, urinary retention, muscle atrophy, and contractures

After surgery, the nurse implements measures to prevent what?

the bone marrow bone cortex periosteum external soft tissue

Fracture healing occurs in what four areas?

Volkmann's contracture

If compartment syndrome occurs in an upper extremity, it may lead to _____________________, a claw-like deformity of the hand resulting from obstructed arterial blood flow to the forearm and hand

yellow bone marrow; red bone marrow

Long bones contain ________________; the sternum, ileum, vertebrae, and ribs contain __________________.

upon taking the first steps in the morning -The pain is localized to the anterior medial aspect of the heel and diminishes with gentle stretching of the foot and Achilles tendon -Management also includes wearing shoes with support and cushioning to relieve pain, orthotic devices (e.g., heel cups, arch supports), and using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Plantar fasciitis, an inflammation of the foot-supporting fascia, presents as an acute onset of heel pain experienced when?

Hypovolemic shock -Indicators of hypovolemic shock include a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute, a blood pressure less than 90/60 mm Hg, and urine output less than 30 ml per hour.

The client returns to the nursing unit following an open reduction with internal fixation of the right hip. Nursing assessment findings include temperature 100.8 degrees Fahrenheit, heart rate 112 beats per minute, respiratory rate 28 breaths per minute, and blood pressure 86/58. There is no urine in the Foley catheter collection bag. The nurse interprets these findings as indicating which complication?

Drainage from wound suction device = 100 ml -Drainage from a wound suction device should be less than 25 ml 48 hours after surgery; 100 ml is an excessive amount and may necessitate opening of the wound to remove the blood.

The nurse is caring for a client who had a total knee replacement 3 days ago. Which nursing assessment finding requires immediate attention by the nurse?

Kyphosis

The nurse is performing an assessment on an older adult patient and observes the patient has an increased forward curvature of the thoracic spine. What does the nurse understand this common finding is known as?

Any chronic disorder or recent injury

The nurse is taking an initial history of a new client with a musculoskeletal problem. Which factor is most important for the nurse to keep in mind for this assessment?

Electromyograph (EMG) -The EMG provides information about the electrical potential of the muscles and the nerves leading to them. The test is performed to evaluate muscle weakness, pain, and disability

Which diagnostic test would the nurse expect to be ordered for a client with lower extremity muscle weakness?

Compartment syndrome

Which is a neurovascular problem caused by pressure within a muscle area that increases to such an extent that microcirculation diminishes?

osteocytes -During times of rapid bone growth or bone injury, osteocytes function as osteoblasts to form new bone

Which type of bone cell works to repair a bone fracture?

Osteoclasts are the cells involved in the destruction, resorption, and remodeling of bone

A group of students are reviewing information about bones in preparation for a quiz. Which of the following indicates that the students have understood the material?

Ossification and calcification

A nurse is caring for a client with an undiagnosed bone disease. When instructing on the normal process to maintain bone tissue, which process transforms osteoblasts into mature bone cells?

Remodeling

After a fracture, during which stage or phase of bone healing is devitalized tissue removed and new bone reorganized into its former structural arrangement?

Osteoblasts

An instructor is describing the process of bone development. Which of the following would the instructor describe as being responsible for the process of ossification?

osteocytes, mature bone cells

Osteoblasts are transformed into what?

endosteum

The ______________ is a thin vascular membrane that covers the marrow cavity of long bones and the spaces in cancellous bone.

Flaccid

The nurse is performing a musculoskeletal assessment for a client whose right leg muscles exhibit no tone and are limp. Which descriptor should the nurse use to document this condition?

clonus

What is the term for a rhythmic contraction of a muscle?

Calcitonin -secreted by the thyroid gland in response to elevated blood calcium levels, inhibits bone reabsorption and increases the deposit of calcium in the bone

Which hormone inhibits bone resorption and increases the deposit of calcium in the bone?

Diaphysis

Which term refers to the shaft of the long bone?

Tendon

A client experiences a musculoskeletal injury that involves the structure that connects a muscle to the bone. The nurse understands that this injury involves which structure?