Music 102: Unit 4

Corelli: Couperin: de la Guerre: Purcell: Vivaldi: Telemann:

- Developed violin techniques and the concerto grosso -Author of book on playing the harpsichord - Composed harpsichord works and cantatas - Composed anthems and an opera, did and aneas -Prolific Italian composerl over 400 concertos - Prolific German composer; over 1000 cantatas

Toccata: Fantasia: Fugue: Prelude: Chorale prelude: Passacaglia:

- Improvisatory, prehaps a contrapuntal middle section - Complex work; perhaps a series of contrapuntal variations - contrapuntal technique used in part of, or an entire, compostiton - Same description as toccata - Based on a chorale Based on a ground bass

Which are characteristics or landmarks of music in the Baoque era?

-Establishment of the major-minor tonal system - Virtuoso performers of instruments - The early development of opera

Which are aspects of continuo music?

-Involves two instruments, keyboard(organ or harpsichord) and bass (cello or similar) - The keyboard player improvises harmonies indicated in the notated score(realized the figured bass)

Which factor did no contribute to the development of the opera?

A shift to monophonic texture and religious worship

What is word painting?

A technique of composing vocial and choral work in which the music gose to great lengths to depict the meanings, emotions, and images of the text.

Note Degree

All of the pitches within a DIATONIC key are labeled by their position in relation to the TONIC pitch (1-7)

Chord Degree

All the chords with in a DIATONIC key are labeled by their position in relation to the TONIC chord (1-7)

Much of baroque is monophonic with no text

False

By the late Baroque, choruses in cantatas and oratorios were not only homophonic but also contrapuntal, even ______

Fugal

"Sherburne"

Fuging

What element arose in the Baroque period that emphasized homophonic texture?

Harmonic or chordal wiriting

Tonal Center "THE KEY"

Harmony in Western music creates a sense of key, that identifies the TONIC PITCH or the first note of the scale, notated by sharps and flats.

Texture

Homophonic and polyphony existed side by side during the Baroque period.

Continuo

Homophonic music of Baroque period. Singer, one or two solo instruments. Basso continuo is underlying continuous structure for harmonies played by cello, with orrgan or harpsichord imporvised harmonies.

For which instrumental families or ensembles is the dance suite sometimes written?

Keyboards Orchestra

Which are new musical forms or genres of the Baroque era?

Multi-movement orchestral works Chamber msuic Keyboard works Oprea and choral works

Figure bass

Musical shorthand devised to assist the keyboard player. THe notes of the chords were numbers placed belowe notes of the base line, indicating the intervals to be played above the bass line.

Diatonic scale

Pitches of a given scale or key designated by the key signature

In strong contrast to the strong metric feeling and dynamic rhythm, the __________ is an example of Baroque music that had free rhythm common in improvised passages

Recitative

Interval

The distance from one pitch to the next, also called note or pitch degrees

Which best defines major-minor tonal system?

The system of scales and keys based on the tonic(chord of rest) and dominant(chord of movement)

Major-Minor Tonal System

music based on major and minor scales; gradually replaced the modal language that had been favored up to this time

Realizing

bringing harmonies in reality, by harmoincallly supporting one or more instrumental or vocal melodic lines, provides a harmonic basis for new homophonic tonal music.

Melismatic

melodic style characterized by many notes sung to a single text syllable

The purpose of the _________ and aria in opera is to carry the dramatic action forward.

recitative

Minor

WHWWWHW

Major

WWHWWWH

Dominant

A chod builton the fifth degree of the major or minor scale

Which descriptions apply to the Baroque-era sonata genre?

A church sonata had four movements A trio sonata required four performers A solo sonata required three performers

Which is an overture?

A two-part instrumental genre that starts off slow and homophonic

second movement of a Baroque concerto

A walking bass Embellisdhed melodic lines Slow tempo

ornamentation

An embellishment of a melody, adding notes for decoratino according to established and commonly accepted performance practices.

Which characteristics appear in Elisabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre's Le Sommeli d'Ulisse?

An instrumental prelude Homophonic texture Recitatices and arias Basso continuo

Which form or genre is not part of the baroque era?

Art songs

Cantata: Oratorio:

C:Integral part of Lutheran worship Shorter, less O: Longer, more complex. For concert performance

Diatonic harmony

Chords of a given scale or key designated by the key signature

Which is not a form of keyboard music?

Concerto

Which descriptions are part of the definition of French overture?

In two parts, the second being faster and polyphonic In two parts, the first being slow, majestic, homphonic Orignally an opening to an opera

What are the characteristics of a dance suite?

Instrumental music for rochestra or a keyboard instrument Main dances usually allemande, courante, sarabande, and gigue

Which of the following describe the development of the orchestra during the Baroque era?

Instruments became as important as the singing voice The violin family became the primary instruments of the orchestra

Diatonic

Involving only those notes that belong in a key without alteration

Chromatic harmony

Notes or chords that do not belong to a given scale or key

Which players are typically involved in a baroque -era sonata genre?

One to two solo instruments with continuo

In which forms or genres is word painting typically used?

Oratorios Operas

Scale

Organization of adjacent pitches comprised of a series of whole (W) of half (H) steps

Consonance

Pleasing sounds

Jacquet de la Guerre's cantata

Prelude> Recitatif> Aria

What is a ground bass?

Repetitions of patterns in the bass line

Although the Baroque orchestra had essentially the same instruments as the modern orchestra, they were _________ and could not play as ______

Smaller __________ loud

Tension

Some harmonic progression create tension

Resolution

Some harmonies create a resolution of tension

What are the similarities and differences between a Baroque concerto and a concerto grosso?

The concerto featured a soloist and orchestra whereas a concerto grosso featured a small group of solosits and orchestra. Both forms featured the contrast of instruments and the constrast of tempos and keys of the three movements.

Tonic

The first and most important note of the major or minor scale, the tonal center of a piece of music: a chord built on the first note of a scale.

Tonic

The first note of that scale indicated by the key signature

Tonal Center

The pitch/tone/key around which a piece is composed

Vertical Organization

The horizontal landscape of a piece, based on a system of chords and triads developed in the Baroque era (1400-1500) - Triads are sets of intervals played simultaneously - Chords/Triads refer t the organization of 3 or more pitches played together.

Which characteristics appear in Bach's Fugue in C minor from his Well-Tempered Clavier, Book I?

The low voice enters last Subject based on five-note motive Polyphonic texture

Harmonic Progression

The movement from one chord/triad to the next to create or resolve tension, can range from simple and pleasant to complex and unsettling sounds. (Consonance and Dissonance).

Harmony

The organization of two or more simultaneous pitches that sound together

Which musical event is heard first in a fugue performance?

The theme is heard by itself.

Trumpet

The tonality of the music is modulating to higher and lower keys There is a sequence consusting of descending melodic pattern.

Modualation

To change from one key to another, frequently by harmonic progression.

Dissonance

Uncomfortable sounds

Which instrumental family was the primary instruments during the baroque era?

Violin

Which are examples of contrast in Baroque music?

Voice vs. Instrument Small vs. Large groups of instruments Loud vs. soft dynamics Modulation

Much of baroque music is

diatonic

The shape note system of reading music was spread through its use in _____

singing schools in the souther United States