Music 5

British folksongs were considered sacred and represented a beloved homeland, now lost. quite resistant to change, many surviving intact over the years. Americanized by making changes to the lyrics to make them more relevant or familiar. transmitted through the development of a notation tradition.

Americanized by making changes to the lyrics to make them more relevant or familiar.

What is swamp pop? Music written by Madonna. Popular music from Florida. Cajun music with Rock 'n' Roll influences.

Cajun music with Rock 'n' Roll influences.

The groups that were especially affected by the increasing immigration restrictions in the US in 1882 include

Chinese

In early African American music: metrical rhythm, major and minor harmonies, homophonic texture and use of notation reflect the influence of European musical traditions and influences. African musical traditions and influences. Asian musical traditions and influences.

European musical traditions and influences.

Which instruments are commonly used in Cajun music? Fiddle, accordion, guitar Cello, tuba, oboe Trumpets, piano, timpani

Fiddle, accordion, guitar

How is Cajun music commonly used? For religious purposes. For dancing and entertainment. As a digestive aid. For communication.

For dancing and entertainment.

What is the language of most Cajun songs? Spanish Asian French Italian

French

Which of the following statements about jazz rhythm are true? It is the foundation of virtually all styles of jazz. It is complex, reflecting the European influence on jazz styles. It is usually simple. It is not considered an element for improvisation.

It is the foundation of virtually all styles of jazz.

Who were the artists who made the first Cajun record? Aretha Franklin and James Brown. Muddy Waters and Howlin' Wolf. Miles Davis and Ornette Coleman. Joseph and Cleoma Falcon.

Joseph and Cleoma Falcon.

As a result of the influence of the Catholic Church on Mexican music Mexican music became primarily European in style. there were Indian texts sung to traditional plainchant. there was a predominance of flutes and drums. rhythmic complexity of the music increased.

Mexican music became primarily European in style.

The migration theory is supported by which of the following findings? Skulls, bones, and teeth found here from the earliest humans are precursors of fully developed homo sapiens. Native Americans share myths with people from Siberia. In terms of physical traits, Native peoples have much in common with people from eastern Africa. Glaciers and analysis of Indian languages support the idea that the Native ancestors "came out of this very ground".

Native Americans share myths with people from Siberia.

From where in North America did the Acadians (Cajuns) migrate to their current location ? Nova Scotia Alaska Southern Georgia California

Nova Scotia

Where in the US is the "Cajun Belt" located? South Dakota and Utah Southern Louisiana Mississippi and Florida Appalachian Mountain areas

Southern Louisiana

The earliest forms of Catholic music brought to America had roots in Renaissance polyphony. were characterized by multiple contrasting elements. were brought mainly by immigrants from Germany, Netherlands, and Great Britain were also called Baroque music.

The earliest forms of Catholic music brought to America

When Vietnam became a French Protectorate in 1884 many Vietnamese people immigrated to the US. Chinese script was used to write phonetic French in the major newspapers. it did not regain independence again until 1965. Vietnam's popular music was strongly influenced by French culture.

Vietnam's popular music was strongly influenced by French culture.

Does Cajun/Zydeco music have metrical rhythms? Yes No

Yes

During the 1940s the National Baptist Convention in Chicago finally endorsed gospel. Thomas Dorseys first battle of song was held. the National Convention of Gospel choirs and Choruses, Inc. was established. a gospel radio program, Gospel Train, was established in New York City.

a gospel radio program, Gospel Train, was established in New York City.

In an attempt to finally "civilize" Indians in the early 20th century a great effort was made to teach them Christianity and other Western cultural values. Indians were encouraged to take responsibility for their own economic welfare. lovely European-style neighborhoods were constructed on several reservations to simulate modern urban life. the Native American Church was encouraged through government tax advantages and other supports.

a great effort was made to teach them Christianity and other Western cultural values.

A corrido is a story-telling song similar to the Anglo ballad. similar to the Native American rain dance. a kind of song meant to calm the people from rebelling against oppressors.

a story-telling song similar to the Anglo ballad.

Country Blues is the earliest blues style. is characterized by solo singing. is usually accompanied by unamplified guitar. all of the above.

all of the above.

The official endorsement of gospel at the National Baptist Convention in Chicago after performance of If You See My Savior by Thomas Dorsey was the beginning of the popular acceptance of Soul music. an important event that helped establish the importance of gospel music in the 1930s. the end of blues as an important genre.

an important event that helped establish the importance of gospel music in the 1930s.

Vocables are nonsense syllables. are non-translatable syllables. are used instead of hey, ya, and ho to add textural variety. help mask the specific type of song being sung.

are non-translatable syllables.

The creation stories of Native Americans are not exactly the same from tribe to tribe. often include the belief that ancestors descended to earth from the sky. suggest that Native Americans do not treasure their cultural history now that they have a chance to assimilate into mainstream culture. are now accepted as fact by almost all non-Native anthropologists.

are not exactly the same from tribe to tribe.

Dennis McGee learned old traditional fiddle songs from listening to records. was famous enough early in his career to retire comfortably from touring and teaching by the time he was fifty. became a link to the Acadian pre-accordion past.

became a link to the Acadian pre-accordion past.

Most Asian Americans are new immigrants because economic stability in Asia has given Asians little reason to consider immigration to the US. because during the Exclusion Period, very few Asians were allowed to enter the US. because until 1965, the existence of Chinatowns and Japantowns was forbidden under US law. because China fought against the US in WW II, encouraging anti-Chinese sentiment.

because during the Exclusion Period, very few Asians were allowed to enter the US.

Herman Cortez was sent to Mexico because the Spanish governor of Cuba had heard of the great wealth of the Aztec civilization. to assist the Aztecs in their extensive building projects in hopes of initiating similar projects in Cuba. to bring back much needed slave labor for Cuban plantations. to convert the indigenous peoples to Christianity.

because the Spanish governor of Cuba had heard of the great wealth of the Aztec civilization.

The blues first developed as a distinct musical form beginning after the Civil War and continuing into the early 20th century. during the 1930s. in the 17th century. as a result of the movement to convert slaves to Christianity.

beginning after the Civil War and continuing into the early 20th century.

African slaves were barred from entering Mexico in an attempt to protect the Indians. served as a source of much needed labor when the Indians gained more civil liberties. brought Afro-Cuban rhythms into Mexican music such as the habanera and rumba. often were used to provide music at the Spanish colonial courts.

brought Afro-Cuban rhythms into Mexican music such as the habanera and rumba.

The special villages that the Roman Catholic church required the Indians to build and move into were called mestizos repartimientos nortena congregaciones

congregaciones

In the typical folksong process the original author usually gets credit although the song might continue to change. current topics are often used for the song lyrics, and they are "localized" to make them more relevant. once the song is popularized and disseminated, the words and melody stabilize, changing very little from that point. once songs are part of popular culture, they are no longer considered folksongs.

current topics are often used for the song lyrics, and they are "localized" to make them more relevant.

The most important groups of instruments in African music are drums and other percussion instruments. the instruments of the string family. keyboards. guitars, sitars, and the upright bass.

drums and other percussion instruments.

Gospel music was the primary form of religious expression for the slaves. was a rural phenomenon. was especially popular during the Civil War. evolved in urban settings and reflects the influence of emancipation.

evolved in urban settings and reflects the influence of emancipation.

Since the 1970s, there have been various musicians of Asian ethnic heritage who have experimented with blending Asian music characteristics with Western-styled music. worked to keep Western music influences from affecting the Asian American community. advocated the complete elimination of traditional Asian musical influences from the community.

experimented with blending Asian music characteristics with Western-styled music.

The first all-Gospel concert in history was held on the lawn of the White House. was held in 1922. featured Mahalia Jackson. was produced by Langston Hughes.

featured Mahalia Jackson.

Ragtime became more complex rhythmically after the music began to be published. had a basic rhythmic pattern known as rag time that involved a regular, metrical bass line and a syncopated melody. was the musical genre that made Louis Armstrong famous.

had a basic rhythmic pattern known as rag time that involved a regular, metrical bass line and a syncopated melody.

By 1776, the situation for individuals of African descent in North America improved significantly. shifted so that African American indentured servants were competing with freed blacks for employment. had shifted in that there were very few African Americans remaining. had worsened in that they were slaves in the fullest sense.

had worsened in that they were slaves in the fullest sense.

W.C. Handy initiated an industry of commercial, composed, published blues. was a country blues artist. was considered the most important early blues singer. played blues in the style of Robert Johnson.

initiated an industry of commercial, composed, published blues.

The Fisk Jubilee Singers were criticized by the American Missionary association for their public performances of religious music. introduced the United States and Europe to African American spirituals. had an easier time touring in the South since the Ku Klux Klan had been disbanded. were all white singers.

introduced the United States and Europe to African American spirituals.

A juke joint is a term for an establishment with a juke box. was an early term for marijuana. is a term for a roadhouse coming from the African word dzugu. was another way of describing a rent party.

is a term for a roadhouse coming from the African word dzugu.

New Orleans Style Jazz did not include drums. gave rise to ragtime after the Civil War. is associated with King Olivers Jazz Band and Jelly Roll Morton.

is associated with King Olivers Jazz Band and Jelly Roll Morton.

Call and response style within African tradition, emphasized the importance of the leader's call more than the group response. is defined by the absence of overlap between the leader's call and the group's response. replaced the European tradition of responsorial psalmody. is characterized by the leader singing a phrase and the group responding with the same or an answering phrase.

is characterized by the leader singing a phrase and the group responding with the same or an answering phrase.

Gospel music is the most serious and staid of all African American music traditions. is a form of the blues style. has lyrics which reflect West African religious beliefs. is created as an integral part of church worship.

is created as an integral part of church worship.

Michael Doucet established his career on the swamp pop scene. is credited with helping to start a Cajun renaissance. performed at a Japanese folk festival in 1973. grew up speaking only Cajun dialect until he arrived at Louisiana State University at the age of 18.

is credited with helping to start a Cajun renaissance.

Pitch

is defined as a certain number of vibrations per second.

The term "Native American" refers to those indigenous people who shared a common tribal language. was introduced by Christopher Columbus when he arrived here in the late 15th century. is sometimes replaced with the term American Indian. can refer to the tribal religion shared by thousands of different tribes in North America.

is sometimes replaced with the term American Indian.

The West African tradition of "hollers" had a melodic contour that normally goes from low to high pitch. helped workers to coordinate their movements in the fields. is synonymous with "cries" and "calls". used precise, fixed rhythms.

is synonymous with "cries" and "calls".

Assimilation

is the process by which immigrants are incorporated into the social networks of mainstream society.

Native American music was functional, therefore it was used only in practical, everyday situations rather than sacred rituals. it became a separate aesthetic entity. it consisted primarily of songs and dances that were related to various central tribal needs. it was forbidden during communal worship.

it consisted primarily of songs and dances that were related to various central tribal needs.

It is hard to generalize about jazz style because it is not notated music. it is a fusion style. it has rarely been studied systematically. it is so diverse.

it is so diverse.

The first immigrants of African descent in North America landed at Jamestown along with the English entrepreneurs. arrived as slaves but were later freed. formed a community of about 50 people. were of mixed Portuguese and African heritage.

landed at Jamestown along with the English entrepreneurs.

Work songs typically include the following types: humorous songs and lullabies. love songs and spirituals. lumber songs and sea chanteys.

lumber songs and sea chanteys.

The Original Dixieland Jazz Band was the first racially mixed jazz band to perform in New Orleans. is correctly credited with inventing jazz. made the first recording of jazz in 1917.

made the first recording of jazz in 1917.

The country of India has more people than China. is the world's fifth largest democracy. officially recognizes 15 languages and over 700 dialects. has banned the use of British English in protest of its years under British colonial rule.

officially recognizes 15 languages and over 700 dialects.

Jubilee quartet singing in the 1890s and early 1900s focused on improvisation of music not using notated scores. often included singing arrangements of spirituals. was mainly associated with an academic institution. emphasized only group singing, not the use of dramatic solo voices.

often included singing arrangements of spirituals.

Boogie Woogie is a bass pattern associated with piano blues played in city bars and rent parties. rhythm and blues played by small rock bands. country blues accompanied by a guitar.

piano blues played in city bars and rent parties.

The two musical properties that are considered essential to represent in musical notation include: timbre and dynamics. pitch and rhythm. tempo and texture.

pitch and rhythm.

Zapateado is an Aztec taco. refers to a rapid movement of the feet against the ground to produce a percussive accompaniment. was an ancient God of the Aztecs. refers to a Mexican of mixed heritage.

refers to a rapid movement of the feet against the ground to produce a percussive accompaniment.

A powwow is the Algonquin language term for dance. refers to a social gathering. is usually held on Church grounds to emphasize the religious aspects of the gathering. is a cultural practice that lost popularity in the last half of the 20th century.

refers to a social gathering.

The famous song Yankee Doodle is based on a French tune, Fisher s Jig. first appeared during the Civil War. refers to the contemptuous nickname used by British soldiers for colonists.

refers to the contemptuous nickname used by British soldiers for colonists.

The term Asia refers to the largest of the earth's seven continents. includes a group of inhabitants that share close cultural relationships. contains about one tenth of the world's population. includes a cultural community whose music is all very similar in style.

refers to the largest of the earth's seven continents.

Form

refers to the overall organization of a piece of music.

Norteno and Tex Mex musical styles reflect a strong German and Polish influence. came from the southern area of Cuba. are derived from Aztec mariachi style. are often associated with teponaztli accompaniment.

reflect a strong German and Polish influence.

The historical distinction "Old World"/"New World"

reflects a strong European perspective.

The American innovation of calling involved the fiddler calling out the title of the dance tune and type so the dancers knew what steps would be required. was no longer used once square dancing became popular. relates to calling out the sequence of movements for each dance. replaced the more sedate English country dance tunes.

relates to calling out the sequence of movements for each dance.

The Immigration Law of 1924

resulted from a desire within mainstream America to exclude Asians from immigrating.

European influence on Native American culture resulted in a decline in native arts and crafts. encouraged the Sioux to abandon their nomadic traditions and become farmers instead. was unable to change religious practices significantly. was helpful in maintaining the important aspects of traditional Native American culture.

resulted in a decline in native arts and crafts.

Meter

results from the grouping of beats into predictable patterns.

The most important element of African music is notation. major and minor harmonies. rhythm

rhythm.

Regarding spiritual associations with music..... some tribes believed that the music's structure was its most important attribute. technical competence and creativity were seen as paying highest respect to the gods. songs were considered to be owned by specific individuals who could protect the song's power. music represents the concrete world while silence represents the spiritual world.

songs were considered to be owned by specific individuals who could protect the song's power.

Marimbas are commonly heard in Mexican music as a result of their association with Spanish instrumental music. the Aztec interest in pitched percussion instruments during the height of their civilization. the business interests of Spanish import-export dealers who promoted instrument sales in the nineteenth century. the African slaves.

the African slaves.

Among the San Francisco acid rock groups that began their careers as blues bands were the Beatles. Bill Haley and the Comets. the Grateful Dead. none of the above.

the Grateful Dead.

Taiko drumming is a performance genre of Chinese Americans. people from the Philippines. the Japanese culture.

the Japanese culture.

Confucian philosophy has had a profound effect on Chinese classical music including the belief that music and rituals must be played, sung, and performed in exactly the correct manner and with the proper attitude. the continued reinterpretation of ancient symbolism to discover new meanings. a belief in the importance of improvisation. the belief that major and minor tonality is of sacred importance.

the belief that music and rituals must be played, sung, and performed in exactly the correct manner and with the proper attitude.

Difficulties in studying the indigenous music of Mexico relate to the religious beliefs of the Indians that limited music performance to a few holy days. the low status of musicians within Indian society. the condescending and hostile attitude toward this music that prevailed up until the 1920s. the difficulty in transcribing the complex notation that had survived on a few gourds and items of pottery.

the condescending and hostile attitude toward this music that prevailed up until the 1920s.

T-Bone Walker is credited with bringing______________to blues music in the 1940s. the electric guitar the twelve bar blues progression call and response blue notes

the electric guitar

Some of the difficulties of categorizing by race include

the fact that many people can be categorized into more than one race.

In considering Asian American immigration patterns the majority of individuals have immigrated in the past three decades. they can roughly be divided into four periods beginning in 1849. most individuals arriving in the mid 1800s were attempting to escape religious persecution. the immigrants arriving just after the Gold Rush were from northern China.

the majority of individuals have immigrated in the past three decades.

In lyric folk songs the most important thing is to tell a story. the music and lyrics convey a particular feeling or mood. the intent is to coordinate movements while working in a group.

the music and lyrics convey a particular feeling or mood.

Because of the huge commercial success of Big Band music he musicians tried several innovations, such as increased reliance on improvisation, to maintain its popularity. there was a trend towards more complex rhythm. there was resentment among black musicians that white musicians had stolen their music.

the musicians tried several innovations, such as increased reliance on improvisation, to maintain its popularity.

The findings from the Cactus Hill site suggest that it was started by a group of individuals displaced from their Meadowcroft rock shelter site in Pennsylvania. there were individuals living there 18,000 years ago. based on the findings of even older tools in Germany and Switzerland, that original migration came from central Europe. when combined with information from geneticists studying DNA, that ancestors crossed the South Pacific on land bridges that no longer exist.

there were individuals living there 18,000 years ago.

In the 1920s, progressive blacks shunned gospel music because they felt it emphasized European values. they encouraged assimilation into white culture. the holiness churches were too traditional.

they encouraged assimilation into white culture.

Montecuhzouma, the Aztec emperor, felt that Spanish expansionism would ultimately benefit the Aztecs financially and politically. was noted for his horsemanship and understanding of modern weaponry. thought Cortez was the god, Quetzalcoatal, because of his pale complexion and his metal armor. moved Aztec civilization from an agriculturally based culture to a warrior culture by building up a highly advanced army.

thought Cortez was the god, Quetzalcoatal, because of his pale complexion and his metal armor.

Shout spirituals were admired by white plantations owners. used dance as a means to communicate with God. decreased in tempo as the deep religious feeling increased.

used dance as a means to communicate with God.

The classical music of India is taught in state-sponsored schools, open to all Indian citizens. depends on a complex notation system known as "tala". is derived from harmonic formulas. uses melodic-schemes called "raga" rather than scales.

uses melodic-schemes called "raga" rather than scales.

In the formal structure of early African American music, work songs, hollers and spirituals show a predominance of sonata allegro form. variations of call-and-response. strophic form.

variations of call-and-response.

Bebop style emphasized the first and third beat of each measure. used simpler harmonies than swing. gave rise to a California variant known as Hot Jazz. was a prime example of musicians re-claiming jazz from the commercial mainstream.

was a prime example of musicians re-claiming jazz from the commercial mainstream.

The Immigration Act of 1965

was a result of increased sensitivity to civil rights.

The Immigration Act of 1965 discouraged the practice of "chain migration". restricted access of immigrants in highly technical fields due to concerns about national security. did not apply to immigration for family reunification purposes. was a result of the Civil Rights movement.

was a result of the Civil Rights movement.

Free jazz was based on the idea of freedom from the strictures of traditional form, harmony, and rhythm. brought jazz to a larger audience. often integrated other musical forms such as rock. conveyed lighthearted emotion and playfulness.

was based on the idea of freedom from the strictures of traditional form, harmony, and rhythm.

An invisible church would not be found on a plantation. met the religious needs of freed black slaves. was maintained without physical structures and often had to be kept secret. was an essential part of the early urban black church experience.

was maintained without physical structures and often had to be kept secret.

City or Classic Blues is usually accompanied by unamplified guitar was a piano blues style favored in city bars and rent parties. is characterized by solo singing, nonstandard form. was mostly done by women singers with an instrumental ensemble.

was mostly done by women singers with an instrumental ensemble.

The concept of race

was originally a category based on physical traits.

Classical music among the early settlers included simple homophonic madrigals. was simply a transplant of European musical styles. was most often heard on the large estates in rural areas. was initially indistinguishable from religious music.

was simply a transplant of European musical styles.

At the time of the early settlers, popular music was the same as art music. was considered inferior to Native American music. often took on complex forms and meters. was sometimes transmitted as an oral tradition.

was sometimes transmitted as an oral tradition.

Thomas Dorsey was a white gospel performer. was the former blues musician who had the greatest influence on development of a gospel tradition. used tabernacle songs to supplement his powerful sermons.

was the former blues musician who had the greatest influence on development of a gospel tradition.

New York was the only important magnet for blacks leaving New Orleans. was where Fletcher Henderson added more instruments to his small ensemble, creating a Big Band. was where the extensive use of 12 bar blues riffs in jazz style originated, under the direction of Bennie Moten.

was where Fletcher Henderson added more instruments to his small ensemble, creating a Big Band.

The earliest blues were a cross influence of African and Cuban traditions. were promoted by the expanding black middle class. were first recorded by W.C. Handy. were associated with the Mississippi Delta.

were associated with the Mississippi Delta.

Jazz vocalists were at first primarily blues singers who began incorporating a jazz sense into the singing. minimized the emotional power of the words being sung. were not noted for vocal improvisation. rejected the idea of jazz phrasing.

were at first primarily blues singers who began incorporating a jazz sense into the singing.

Work songs sung by slaves in North America were based on a tradition deeply embedded in African culture. made frequent use of drums to keep a steady beat. emphasized African gods to provide motivation to the workers. allowed each worker to proceed at his or her own pace without interfering with the others.

were based on a tradition deeply embedded in African culture.

Harmonicas were known as "French harps" among blues players. were most popular in urban centers like Detroit and Chicago. came from the older tradition of playing the lute. had a strong following among the women vocalists who sang city blues.

were known as "French harps" among blues players.