music midterm

Which term from Critical Theory means "the social, cultural, ideological, or economic influence by a dominant group"?

cultural hegemony

The first national dance style in 19th c. Cuba was called [style name].

danzon

In the Lucumí tradition, which of the following is true of the orishas? - Initiates commune with the Creator through ritual music/dance practices that often result in possession trance. - In the colonial period, it was common for orishas to be aligned with particular Catholic saints. - The ashé, or life energy, of Olodumare is made manifest on earth through the orishas. - Lucumí is a newer name that reflects the de-colonization of the Afro-Cuban Santeria religious practice. - All of the above.

All of the above.

Semiotics—the study of signs and symbols—is relevant for cultural music studies for which of the following reasons? - Musical sound has no inherent meaning. - Musical sound is a "text" or "trace" that has to be interpreted. - A listener's interpretation is based on cultural conditioning. - All of the above.

All of the above.

Which of the following is true of Mbube Choral singing from South Africa? - It is usually sung by men. - It uses a melodic technique called "bombing." - It emphasizes a lower range of pitches. - The vocal style existed prior to colonization but also reflects the influence of the church. - All of the above.

All of the above.

The opening improvisatory section of a kora performance is called ___ while the rhythmic section is called ____

Birimintingo Kumbengo

Tango developed primarily in which city in Argentina?

Buenos Aires

What types of music will we study in this course? (select all that apply) - Folk music - Indigenous music - Western classical music - Global fusion music - Indian classical music

Folk music Indigenous music Global fusion music Indian classical music

Of the four musical textures we discussed in class, which one best describes a singer accompanying themself on guitar? Monophony Polyphony Homophony Heterophony

Homophony

Which of the following best describes the "African standard pattern" discussed in the Ba'aka documentary? - it is very hard to dance to - it is best represented by a 4/4 time signature - It is often the rhythmic foundation of African and African-diasporic music styles - It is only found in Ba'Aka music

It is often the rhythmic foundation of African and African-diasporic music styles

"Mama Africa" was an affectionate nickname for which South African singer? [name of singer]

Miriam Makeba

The call and response section of many genres of Cuban music—including Son Cubano, Songo, and Rumba—is called: Canto Quinto Montuno Coro

Montuno

What are some of the characteristics of the Mbuti "Elephant Song"? (select all that apply) - Polyrhythmic - Communal music-making - Single melodic line - Interlocking patterns

Polyrhythmic Communal music-making Interlocking patterns

What characterizes a matrilineal society? - Women are the leaders and rulers. - Females make all the decisions. - Property is passed down through the mother's line. - Women only teach girl children their craft.

Property is passed down through the mother's line.

How do you define syncretism as a cultural process?

Syncretism is a cultural process where different cultural components blend together, creating a new cultural expression.

In 1959, what event changed the course of Cuban history? Beginning of the Republic The Cuban Revolution The Spanish-American War The Collapse of the Soviet Union

The Cuban Revolution

Which of the following are true of the Donno or talking drum? (select all that apply) - The Donno can create sounds that resemble the Akan tonal language. - The drum has historically been used as a form of communication. - Talking drums are known to argue. - The pitch of the drum can be changed by squeezing the cords, thus adjusting the tension on the drum head.

The Donno can create sounds that resemble the Akan tonal language. The drum has historically been used as a form of communication. The pitch of the drum can be changed by squeezing the cords, thus adjusting the tension on the drum head.

An interval in music is best described as: - Frequency measured in Hertz (Hz). - The succession of pitches forming a musical idea. - The distance between two pitches. - The relationship of sound durations.

The distance between two pitches.

The Bala or Balafon is best described by which of the following? (select all that apply) - The openings of the gourds are covered by a type of silk Mandjou Kone referred to as a "spider web." - It is associated with the Akan people. - The records of the historian Ibn Battuta date the instrument to the 14th century CE. - It is a chord resonated xylophone or struck idiophone.

The openings of the gourds are covered by a type of silk Mandjou Kone referred to as a "spider web." It is a chord resonated xylophone or struck idiophone.

Traditionally, a Jeli/Jali served which of the following roles in Mandinka society? (select all that apply) - Walking encyclopedia - Keeper of oral histories and mythologies - Large landowner - Musician-singers who helped to maintain social cohesion

Walking encyclopedia Keeper of oral histories and mythologies Musician-singers who helped to maintain social cohesion

In South Africa, the Afrikaner system of legalized segregation was called [name of system]

apartheid

Astor Piazzola is known as a virtuoso on which instrument?

bandoneon

The drums played in sets of 3 that are most closely associated with the Lucumí (Santeria) practice are called [name] drums.

bata

In rumba, the opening improvised section of a piece is called the ____ and it is characterized by sounds that have no meaning called ____.

diana vocables

The four instruments that make up the Ghanian Polyrhythmic Ensemble in our listening example from week 2 are called:

donno, tom-toms, Afirikyiwa, Axatse

The perspective of a cultural insider is called ____

emic

What is a bolejo in tango dancing? looks like a figure 8, angular backstep displacement, where leader replaces the follower's foot energetic kinetic swing a jaunty forward step

energetic kinetic swing

Brazil was one of the first countries in the Americas to abolish slavery. T/F

false

In the Sachs-Hornbostel organology (instrument classification) system, a kora would be classified as an idiophone. T/F

false

Mbuti music is primarily instrumental. T/F

false

Music is a universal language. T/F

false

The film Orfeu Negro sets the Greek legend of Orpheus and Eurydice in a [name], or "slum," in Rio de Janeiro during Carnival time.

favela

Typical Son Cubano instrumentation includes all of the following EXCEPT: guitar clave timbales flute bongos

flute

A charanga ensemble emphasizes instruments such as: trumpet and guitar saxophone and tuba flute and violin congas and timbales

flute and violin

What is John Blacking's definition of music? - birdsong - audible sonic vibration - humanly organized sound - the written score

humanly organized sound - John Blacking defined music as an activity specific to human beings and their societies.

Getulio Vargas' Estado Novo (or New State) used [music genre] as a way to unify the diverse Brazilian population.

samba

According to Dr. Lezcano's lecture, all Latin American music is essentially [term] and [term].

syncretic & hybridized

What is the name of the set of 3 songs of the same style that tango dancers typically share with a partner before switching?

tanda

Animism is best described as a belief system that recognizes - Animals as sentient creatures. - that the material world is animated by a supernatural force. - there is one supreme God. - that matter is entirely distinct from Spirit.

that the material world is animated by a supernatural force.

Call and response is a common element of many song forms throughout Africa. It also appears in some Mbuti music. T/F

true

Chega de Saudade (1958) is considered to be the first Bossa Nova song. T/F

true

Dr. Lezcano described Ernesto Lecuona's composition "La Comparsa," with its Afro-Cuban inspired bass and lyrical melodic accompaniment, as "Africa in the left hand, Spain in the right hand." T/F

true

Each individual listener's interpretation of music is entirely the result of cultural conditioning and life experience. T/F

true

Milonga is both the name of the oldest musical style in the tango repertoire and also the name of the social gathering where people go to dance tango. T/F

true

The Iscathamiya genre of South African choral singing grew out of the Mbube style and is more soft and harmonious. T/F

true

The form of a musical composition describes its overall structure as it unfolds in time. T/F

true

The group Los Van Van created an innovative new music genre called Songo, which brings together elements of Son Cubano and Rumba. T/F

true

The three main styles of rumba are called Guaguanco, Yambú, and Columbia. T/F

true

While samba was a music of the working-class Afro-Brazilian population, Bossa Nova represented a turn toward a more middle-class set of aesthetic values. T/F

true

Ethnomusicology is the study of music IN culture. T/F?

true Ethnomusicology examines the ways that music making is meaningful in the lives of people across the globe.