Music quiz chap 9,10,11

institutionalized music

music that is the product of established institutions such as universities or research foundations.

"Classical" -- how does this term pertain to electronic music?

musical development that can be traced back to the traditions of Western art music.

IRCAM

Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique, which was opened in paris in 1977 with Pierre Boulez as director. Involved scientific research and creative output with interest in works for instruments and electronics.

Zimoun

is a Swiss artist who lives and works in Bern, Switzerland. A self-taught artist, he is most known for his sound sculptures, sound architectures and installation art that combine raw, industrial materials such as cardboard boxes, plastic bags, or old furniture, with mechanical elements such as dc-motors, wires, microphones, speakers and ventilators.

Noise music

is a category of music that is characterised by the expressive use of noise within a musical context. This type of music tends to challenge the distinction that is made in conventional musical practices between musical and non-musical sound.

Ambient music

a style of gentle, largely electronic instrumental music with no persistent beat, used to create or enhance a mood or atmosphere.

Glitch music

is a genre of electronic music that emerged in the late 1990s. It has been described as a genre that adheres to an "aesthetic of failure," where the deliberate use of glitch-based audio media, and other sonic artifacts, is a central concern

"Experimental Electronica"

is an umbrella term that encompasses a broad group of electronic-based styles such as techno, house, ambient, drum and bass, jungle, and industrial dance, among others.[2] It has been used to describe the rise of electronic music styles intended not just for dancing but also concentrated listening

Bill Fontana

is known internationally for his pioneering experiments in sound art.

Jonty Harrison

en electroacoustic music composer who joined the faculty at the university of Birmingham in 1990 where he build the BEAST. "Klang" and "Recycle" are his most popular works.

Acousmatic/fixed media music

music that is played over loudspeakers in which the sound source is neither present nor apparent.

"Ways of viewing acousmatic music"

1. Acousmatic pieces take the form of fixed media and are meant to be played over loudspeakers, including multi-loudspeakers set-ups. 2. Acousmatic music does not limit itself to sonic material having the scale or properties of instrumental music. 3. Despite the focus in Schaefferian theory on sonic properties and reduced listening, much acousmatic music deliberately plays with the recognizability of recorded sound material. 4. Harrison says acousmatic music "evolves from characteristics inherent in the specific material and is not conceptualised before the sonic event. 5. Some acousmatic music is cinematic or narrative-driven, deliberately evoking particular soundscapes or telling a story. 6. Acousmatic music uses timbre as an element in its musical discourse.

Subgenres of Sound Art (Joanna Demers)

1. An installed sound environment that is defined by the space rather than presentation in time and can be exhibited in a similar way to visual artwork. 2. A visual artwork that also has a sound-producing function such as a sound sculpture 3. Sound by visual artists that serves as an extension of the artist's particular aesthetic, where they normally express themselves in other media.

"Soundscape composition"

1. Environmental concerns and an ecological approach to sound. 2. The use of recorded sound for its semantic effect. Ex: sounds are symbols of their sources, their environments, and/or related aspects of the real world rather than elements of an abstract musical discourse. 3. The use of the microphone as microscope, or focusing device, providing emphasis where it would not occur in the natural soundscape or allowing us to hear what we can't or wouldn't hear normally. 4. A tendency to frame or edit soundscapes for dramatic or narrative effect.

"Mixed Music"

1. Live processing of the instrumental sound-this in itself is a huge area, with a range of possibilities including anything from simple amplification to rendering the source unrecognizable. 2. Meta-instruments- this could include new or modified versions of traditional instruments and range from almost unnoticeable additions to invasive changes which require the performer to learn new techniques. Wiring the performer with sensors can also fall under this category. 3. What we might call "Tape Plus", the use of software to provide more flexible playback of pre-recorded material-this often takes the form of series of cues allowing performers more cope in phrasing and interpretation than a single fixed-media part. 4. Live performance of the electroacoustic element-this could be anything from triggering a simple series of cues to a virtuoso performance on a custom-built instrument 5. Some form of machine listening or interactivity-again a huge area, which runs to gamut from using instrumental input in order to trigger electronic events to fully fledged computer improvisers such as George Lewis' "Voyager" software. 6. Computer-assisted instrumental composition using software such as "Open Music" strictly speaking, this is not mixed music, falling under the related category of computer-assisted composition, but can appear in electronic music festivals because of the machine element in composition.

Motivations for making noise music

1. Raw physical sensation 2. Cultural dissonance 3. Representations of an overload of information, of undiluted complexity, as a catharsis for rage at the human condition.

Foundations of digital experimental glitch music

1. Test tone drones and stark landscapes 2. Buffer skipping 3. Time stretching and bit reduction 4. Microsound-manipulating tiny grains of sound, re-drawing waveforms sample by sample 5. Data transformation-from image files to audio, from word document to sound

"Experimental Music"

1. Works in which the realization is in some way not pre-determined. 2. Works which make use of random elements to vary the result. 3. Works which explore the notion of "system-as-piece".

"Playing the art card"

Alan Licht came up with the term which means musicians who identify themselves as sound artists "playing the card" the habit among musicians of claiming cultural capital through association with galleries and exhibitions instead of concert halls and performances.

Birmingham Electroacoustic Sound Theatre [BEAST]

Birmingham ElectroAcoustic Sound Theatre- A loudspeaker orchestra for the presentation of electroacoustic music.

Pierre Boulez

Director of IRCAM, a French composer and conductor as well as a writer and pianist -- he played an important role in the development of integral serialism, electronic music and controlled chance music.

WSP

World Soundscape Project. It was established as an educational and research group by R. Murray Schafer at Simon Fraser University during the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Judith Cardiff

a Canadian artist who works chiefly with sound and sound installations; especially a form she calls audio walks. She works in collaboration with her husband and partner George Bures Miller.

Hildegard Westerkamp

a Canadian composer, radio artist, teacher and sound ecologist of German origin. She studied flute and piano at the Conservatory of Music in Freiburg, West Germany from 1966 - 1968 and moved to Canada in 1975.

R. Murray Schafer

a Canadian composer, writer, music educator and environmentalist perhaps best known for his establishment of the World Soundscape Project, concern for acoustic ecology, and his book "The Tuning of the World".

Eric Satie

a French composer and pianist. Satie was a colourful figure in the early 20th-century Parisian avant-garde.

Marcel Duchampa

a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, conceptual art, and Dada, although he was careful about his use of the term Dada and was not directly associated with Dada groups.

Gyorgy Ligeti

a Hungarian composer of contemporary classical music. He has been described as "one of the most important avant-garde composers in the latter half of the twentieth century."

Merzbow

a Japanese noise musician. He is best known for his style of harsh, confrontational noise exemplified on his 1996 release, Pulse Demon

Electronic listening music

a form of electronic music that emerged in the early 1990s and was characterized by an abstract or "cerebral" sound better suited for home listening than dancing.

Binaural recording

a method of recording sound that uses two microphones, arranged with the intent to create a 3-D stereo sound sensation for the listener of actually being in the room with the performers or instruments.

New Age Music

a style of chiefly instrumental music characterized by light melodic harmonies, improvisation, and sounds reproduced from the natural world, intended to promote serenity; a genre of music intended to create artistic inspiration, relaxation and optimism.

Max Neuhaus

an American classical musician and artist who was a noted interpreter of the experimental percussion music in the 1960s. He later created numerous permanent sound installations as "sound sculptures" of contemporary art

John Cage

an American composer and music theorist. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde.

Alvin Lucier

an American composer of experimental music and sound installations that explore acoustic phenomena and auditory perception. His music has been described as having a kind of "distilled simplicity".

Steve Reich

an American composer who, along with La Monte Young, Terry Riley, and Philip Glass, pioneered minimal music in the mid to late 1960s. Reich's style of composition influenced many composers and groups

Paul Lansky

an American electronic-music or computer-music composer who has been producing works from the 1970s up to the present day.

Mario Davidovsky

an Argentinian born, American composer who is well known for his "Synchronisms" series of pieces written for various instruments and tapes.

Warp records

an English independent record label, founded in Sheffield in 1989 by record store workers Steve Beckett, Rob Mitchell and record producer Robert Gordon. It is currently based in London

Brian Eno

an English musician, composer, record producer, singer, writer, and visual artist. He is best known for his pioneering work in rock, ambient, pop, and electronic music.

Sound art

an artistic discipline in which sound is utilised as a medium. Like many genres of contemporary art, sound art is interdisciplinary in nature, or takes on hybrid forms.

Princeton Laptop Orchestra

an ensemble of computer-based meta-instruments at Princeton University. (PLOrk)

Sound Sculpture (origins of the term)

related to sound art and sound installation is an intermedia and time based art form in which sculpture or any kind of art object produces sound, or the reverse (in the sense that sound is manipulated in such a way as to create a sculptural as opposed to temporal form or mass).

Vapidity (vapid)

someone or something that is dull or uninspiring

Acoustic ecology

sometimes called ecoacoustics or soundscape studies, is a discipline studying the relationship, mediated through sound, between human beings and their environment.

Psychoacoustics

the branch of psychology concerned with the perception of sound and its physiological effects.

Synesthesia

the production of a sense impression relating to one sense or part of the body by stimulation of another sense or part of the body.