Mycology

Vegetative hyphae Aerial/reproductive hyphae

1. Nutrient absorbing and water exchanging portion of the fungus 2. Portion extending above the substrate surface which gives rise to fruiting bodies from which asexual spores are formed

zygomycota ascomycota basidiomycota deuteromycota (imperfect fungi)

1. Three phylum of Fungi 2. Fungi that lack sexual reproductive structures belong to phylum ____________

1. A. fumigatus a. Rapid b. Blue-green b. Septate, foot cell c. Dome d. Bottle e. 45°C 2. A. flavus a. More rapid b. Yellow-green c. Globose d. Both 3. A. niger a. Yellow intially, then jet black b. Spherical (entire surface has phialides) c. Biseriate 4. A. terreus a. Tan/cinnamon b. Hemispherical (entire surface has phialides) c. Biseriate d. Aleurioconidia e. Ampicillin B

ASPERGILLUS 1. A. fumigatus a. Growth b. Colony color b. __________ hyphae with characteristic "_________" at their base c. Vesicle shape d. Phialide shape e. Thermotolerant up to ______°C 2. A. flavus a. Growth b. Colony color c. Vesicle shape d. Uni or biseriate? 3. A. niger a. Colony color b. Vesicle shape c. Uni or biseriate? 4. A. terreus a. Colony color b. Vesicle shape c. Uni or biseriate? d. Produces larger cells called ________ which are found in submerged hyphae e. Resistant to _________

1. Thrush 2. C. albicans 3. C. krusei 4. C. parapsilosis 5. Links of sausage 6. Candida albicans a. Germ tube, Chlamydoconidia, Cornmeal Agar, Tween 80(polysorbate) b. Star like or feet projections 7. a. Glucose and Trehalose b. Sucrose and Maltose 8. C. albicans and C. dubliniensis 9. C. tropicalis 10. CHROMagar Candida

CANDIDA 1. Infection in the mucous membrane in the mouth 2. Most common species 3. Resistant to azole 4. Primary cause of fungemia in NICU 5. Resembles "__________" in microscopy 6. Candida albicans a. can be identified by production of __________ and _________ on __________ with __________ b. Colonies appear 7. Carbohydrate assimilation a. C. glabrata ferments (2) b. C. tropicalis ferments (2) 8. Produces true germ tubes (2) 9. Produces pseudo germ tubes 10. Medium that uses enzymatic reactions to ID C. albicans and other yeast

1. Cladophialophora carrionii, Phialophora verrucosa, Fonsecaea pedrosoi 2. Cauliflower 3. Sclerotic bodies/Muriform cells, copper pennies 4. C. carrionii a. Elliptical, dark septal attachment scar(dysjunctors), erect tall branching b. Shield cells 5. P. verrucosa a. Collarette, Vase of flowers b. Flattened/saucer-like 6. F. pedrosoi a. sympodial

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS DEMATIACEOUS MOLDS 1. Three associated fungi 2. Characterized by a papule that grows into a lesion that resembles a ___________ 3. Histiologic examination of the lesion reveals characteristic ___________/__________which are copper colored, septate cells that appear to be dividing by binary fission which resembles "___________" 4. Cladophialophora carrionii a. long chains of budding often fusiform, ________ shaped conidia that have __________ borne on ________ conidiophores b. the cells that produce the branch points are called ________ 5. Phialophora verrucosa a. Phialides have a cup or flask shaped ________. Clusters of conidia are produced by the phialide. (resembles ___________) b. P. richardsiae produce phialides with _________ shaped collarette 6. Fonsecaea pedrosoi a. conidial heads with __________ arrangement (mixed type of sporulation)

1. a. C. neoformans var. grubii b. C neoformans var. neoformans c. C. gattii d. Filobasidiella neoformans e. Filobasidiella bacillispora f. Canavanine-Glycine-Bromthymol blue (gattii is pos) 2. Cryptococcal meningitis 3. Polysaccharide capsule 4. Phenoloxidase 5. C. gattii 6. India Ink 7. Cryptococcal Antigen Test (CAD) latex agglutination, Trichosporon 8. Extreme variation in size of yeast cells 9. Niger seed Agar

CRYPTOCOCCUS 1. Serotypes a. Serotype A b. Serotype D c. Serotype B & C d. Teleomorph of A & D e. Teleomorph of B & C f. Medium to differentiate serotypes 2. Disease 3. Produce a very characteristic _________ 4. Enzyme for melanin production 5. Affects immunocompetent hosts 6. Traditional test 7. Newer more sensitive test: _____________. False pos with _________. 8. Most important characteristic of C. neoformans 9. Media for pigment production

Chitin Ergosterol Spores Room Acid; Sugar Cold; High

Characteristics of Fungi: __________ in the cell wall __________ in the cell membrane Reproduction by means of _________ Grow best at _________ temperature Grow in the presence of ______ and large amounts of ________ Resistant to ________ temp but easily killed at ______ temp

1. BHI with antibiotics and sheep blood 2. 5.5-5.6 3. Chromogenic Agar

Culture media: 1. Media for Dimorphic fungi 2. pH of Sabouraud Dextrose Agar 3. Media used to differentiate yeasts presumptively

1. Phaeoid molds 2. Melanin, White grain mycetoma 3. Superficial Infection, Mycetoma, Chromoblastomycosis, Phaeohyphomycosis 4. Mycetoma, Chromoblastomycosis, Phaeohyphomycosis 5. Mycetoma

DEMATIACEOUS MOLDS 1. AKA 2. Dark coloration as a result of ability to produce __________, except _______ 3. 4 types of infection 4. Which of those 4 are subcutaneous 5. Chronic granulomatous infection usually involving the lower extremities

1. Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermiphyton 2. Keratin 3. a. Hair, Skin, Nail b. Hair, Skin c. Skin, Nail 4. Cutaneous mycosis, Tinea 5. Hyaline, septate hyphae 6. Endothrix invasion, Ectothrix invasion, T. schoenleinii 7. Trichophyton, M. gypseum

Dermatophytes 1. 3 genera 2. Utilize _______ as a source of nitrogen 3. a. Trichophyton can invade: ___________ b. Microsporum can invade: ____________ c. Epidermiphyton can invade: __________ 4. The most common fungal infections in human: ___________. Also known as: __________ 5. Hyphae characteristics 6. Hair shaft filled with large arthroconidia chains: __________. External masses of spores the ensheath the shaft: ___________. Air spaces in hair shaft is characteristic for ___________. 7. Does not fluoresce with wood's lamp

25-30 35-37

Dimorphic fungi produce a mold form at _____________°C and a yeast form at ____________°C

1. Basidiobolus ranarum, Conidiobolus (coronatus, lamprauges, incongruous) 2. Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon 3. 37°C, 25-30°C 4. Immunocompetent

ENTOMOPHTHORALES 1. 2 genera (4 species) 2. The formation of eosinophilic crystals that appear radiate, starlike, asteroid or club shaped around a fungal infection, are associated with hyphae with H&E 3. Incubation temp for Conidiobolus: _______. Temp for Basidiobolus: ________. 4. Disease occurs predominantly in _________ people.

1. E. floccosum 2. Cold temperature 3. None 4. Smooth, thin walled, club shape with rounded ends 5. Numerous chlamydoconidia 6. Fine branching

EPIDERMOPHYTON 1. The only member of this genus 2. Susceptible to 3. Microconidia 4. Macroconidia 5. Special conidia 6. Hyphae

1. Thallic conidiogenesis 2. Keratin 3. Giemsa/Wright 4. M. audouinii 5. Potato Dextrose Agar 6. Spicules or prickly

Extra shit 1. Septum forms first and new growth beyond the septum becomes daughter cell 2. KOH dissolves what 3. Stain for H. capsulatum 4. Rice medium for 5. Medium for pigment production of T. rubrum 6. seen in center of B. dermatitidis colonies

Superficial/Cutaneous Subcutaneous Systemic Opportunistic

Four categories of mycoses

Polymorphic fungi

Fungi having more than one independent form or spore stage in their life cycle which is not temperature dependent

1. Rhizopus a. Stolonifer grp b. Oryzae grp c. Microsporus grp 2. Mucor 3. Lichtheimia (Absidia)

Genera of Mucorales 1. Rhizoids opposite the point where the stolon arises, at the base on the sporangiophore (unbranched). Under this group: a. Grow at 30-36°C b. Grow at 40°C c. Grow at 40-45°C 2. No rhizoids or stolons 3. Rhizoids that originate between sporangiophores, pyriform sporangia

1. Antler, Racquet, Spiral Hyphae 2. Ascocarp, Ascus, Ascospores 3. Conidia 4. Arthroconidia 5. Chlamydoconidia(chlamydospores), Intercalary, Terminal 6. Sessile 7. Conidiophores 8. Phialides 9. Acremonium 10. Penicillus, Metulae 11. Uniseriate, Biseriate 12. Microconidia, Macroconidia

General Morphologic Features of Molds: 1. Dermatophytes produce these 3 kinds of hyphae 2. Some molds produce sexual spores in a large, saclike structure called __________ which contains smaller sacs called _________ each of which has 4-8 ____________ inside. 3. Type, arrangement and morphology of __________ (asexual structures) are important criteria for definitive ID 4. Conidia formed directly from the hyphae by fragmentation through points of septation (square/rectangular/barrel shaped, thick walled cells) 5. _________ - Round, thick-walled spores formed directly from the differentiation of hyphae (concentration of protoplasm and nutrients). They may be _________ (within the hyphae) or __________ (on the end of the hyphae). 6. Conidia borne on the side of a hyphal strand is called 7. Conidia are produced by specialized hyphal strands called 8. Some conidiophores terminate in a swollen vesicle where small, flask shaped ___________ form on the vesicle surface which gives rise to chains of conidia. (Aspergillus) 9. A SINGLE, simple, slender, tubular conidiophore that produces a cluster of conidia held together as a GELATINOUS MASS is characteristic of ____________. 10. Some conidiophores form a branching structure called __________ where each branch terminates in a secondary branch (___________) where phialides with conidia chains are borne. 11. Phialides produced directly on vesicle surface: __________. Phialides produced on metulae: __________. 12. Some fungi produce conidia of 2 sizes: _____________ which are small, unicellular, round, elliptical or pyriform. Or ____________ which are large, usually multiseptate, and club or spindle shaped.

11-21 6-10 <=5

Growth rate of molds: _________ days - slow growers _________ days - intermediate growers _________ days - rapid growers

Mucorales; Entomophthorales Dematiaceous Hyaline

Identification scheme for fungi Observe hyphae: Hyphae that appear broad or predominantly nonseptate (coenocytic) should be considered as ______________ or _____________. Hyphae that are septate should be further examined for pigment: Those with dark pigment in the hyphae: _____________. Those with nonpigmented hyphae: ____________. The type and arrangement of conidia on hyphae is then examined.

7 days 21 days 28 days 14 days

Incubation times for fungal specimens: _________ - yeast in mouth, oral, vagina _________ - tissues, sterile body fluids other than blood ________ - respiratory, BM, blood, dimorphic Fungi ________ - other specimens

1. Large, echinulate(rough), spindle shape, thick walls with 4 or more septa 2. M. audouinii a. Man (anthropophilic) b. Hair shaft fluoresce yellow-green c. Chlamydoconidia d. Antler and Racquet hyphae 3. M. canis a. Animals (Zoophilic) b. Fluoresce yellow-green c. Spindle shaped with curved ends 4. M. gypseum a. Soil (Geophilic) b. Does not fluoresce c. Ellipsoid with rounded ends

MICROSPORUM 1. Characteristic macroconidia 2. M. audouinii a. Pathogen of _______ b. Wood's lamp c. Special conidia d. Special hyphae 3. M. canis a. Pathogen of ________ b. Wood's lamp c. Macroconidia 4. M. gypseum a. Pathogen of ________ b. Wood's lamp c. Macroconidia

A. 1. Verrucose 2. Umbonate 3. Rugose B. 1. Cottony 2. Velvety 3. Glabrous 4. Woolly 5. Granular

MOLD colonial morphology A. Topography 1. furrowed or convoluted 2. slightly raised in the center 3. furrows radiate out from the center B. Texture 1. High aerial mycelium, loose 2. Low aerial mycelium 3. No aerial mycelium, smooth surface 4. High aerial mycelium slightly matted down 5. Dense, powdery, sugar granules-like

1. Branching, Broad, ribbonlike, sparsely septate/predominantly aseptate 2. Sporangium, sporangiospores 3. Sporangiophore, Columella, Apophysis 4. Stolons, Rhizoids 5. DM, Rhinocerebral form 6. Cotton candy 7. Sporangiospores, zygospores

MUCORALES 1. Hyphae characteristics 2. Specific ID by observing fruiting structures called __________ which produce internally spherical, yellow/brown ___________. Upon maturation, it fractures and they are released in the environment. 3. Each sporangium is formed at the tip of a __________. The central axis of the sporangia is called _______. The swelling of the sporangiophore below this is called _________. 4. Sporangiophores are usually connected to one another by occasionally septate hyphae called __________ which attach at contact points where rootlike structures called _________ may appear and anchor the fungi to the agar surface. 5. People with _______ are particularly susceptible to mucormycosis. ____________ - necrosis and vascular invasion of nose, head sinus etc seen in mucormycosis. 6. Colonies resemble "___________" and are known to be lid lifters because hyphae grow very fast. 7. Asexual reproduction: _____ Sexual reproduction: _____

1. Actinomycotic (bacterial), Eumycotic (fungal) 2. Nocardia, Actinomadura, Streptomyces 3. White grain, Black grain 4. P. boydii, Acremonium, Fusarium 5. Curvularia, E. jeanselmei, Madurella, Cladophialopjora bantiana 6. Madurella mycetomatis 7. Moniliform (string of beads) 8. Pseudallescheria. boydii a. P. boydii b. Scedosporium apiospermum, Graphium c. Cleistothecia d. Perithecium e. Amphotericin B f. Coremia 9. Madurella a. Long, tapering with collarettes and sclerotia

MYCETOMA DEMATIACEOUS MOLDS 1. Two types of mycetoma 2. Cause of bacterial mycetoma (3) 3. Two types of fungal mycetoma 4. Causes white grain mycetoma (3) 5. Causes black grain mycetoma (4) 6. Most common cause of mycetoma 7. Hyphae characteristic 8. P. boydii a. Teleomorph b. Anamorphs (2) c. Structure seen in sexual form which is an enclosed ascocarp with ascospores d. Enclosed ascocarp with a pore at the tip where ascospores are discharged e. Resistant to f. Graphium produces clusters of conidiophores with conidia called __________ 9. Madurella a. Phialides

Class II BSC

Mold cultures should be handled in a _______________. Yeast cultures may be handled on a bench top.

1. Aspergillus, Fusarium, Geotrichum candidum, Acremonium, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, Purpureocillium, Scopulariopsis 2. Septate, Hyaline, dichotomous branching (45°) 3. Galactomannan assay 4. Cycloheximide 5. Czapek-Dox Agar

OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI 1. Genera (8) 2. Hyphae 3. Assay for Aspergillus antigens 4. Most Aspergillus are susceptible to 5. Media for ID of Aspergillus

1. Pneumocystis jirovecii 2. Trypanosome (Protozoa) 3. a. Trophic form (Trophozoite) b. Precyst (Sporozoite) c. Cyst (Ascus) 4. Cholesterol 5. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) 6. HIV and AIDS 7. Type 1 Pneumocytes, Extracellularly 8. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) 9. Bronchoalveolar Lavage fluid (spx from deep lung) 10. Immunofluorescence 11. (1,3) beta-D-glucan

Opportunistic Atypical Fungus 1. Name 2. Originally thought to be a ____________ 3. Three forms in life cycle: a. _________ - predominant form (flexible wall) b. _________ c. _________ - diagnostic form easily recognized (firm wall) 4. Cell membrane contains _____ rather than ergosterol 5. Disease 6. It is the most common opportunistic infection among those with ________ 7. Trophic form adheres to _________. They replicate __________ while bathed in alveolar lining fluid filling it with eosinophilic foamy material 8. After a brief period of improvement, patients begin to deteriorate because of an exaggerated immune response: __________ 9. Best specimen 10. Best staining method 11. Ascus cell wall has _______ which can be used to diagnose Pneumocystis.

1. Fusarium a. Sickle or boat shape b. Cornmeal agar 2. Geotrichum candidum a. Galactomyces geotrichum b. Septate and produce CONTIGUOUS rectangle/cyclindrical/barrel shaped arthroconidia 3. Acremonium a. Gelatinous cluster 4. Penicillium a. Brushlike conidiophore b. Blunt phialide 5. Paecilomyces a. Long, delicate, tapering phialide 6. Purpureocillium lilacinum a. Lilac 7. Scopulariopsis a. Rudimentary penicillus b. Annellophores, annellides, lemon

Other Opportunistic Fungi 1. Fusarium a. Macroconidia b. Most common media to induce sporulation 2. Geotrichum candidum a. Teleomorph b. Hyphae and conidia 3. Acremonium a. Phialides give rise to clusters of conidia contained in a _____________ 4. Penicillium a. Conidiophore b. Phialide 5. Paecilomyces a. Phialide 6. Purpureocillium lilacinum a. Colony color 7. Scopulariopsis a. Penicillus b. ____________ produce flask-shaped ___________ which support ________ shaped conidia in chains.

1. Cladophialophora bantiana, Alternaria, Bipolaris, Curvularia, Exophiala, Exserohilum 2. Neurological 3. C. bantiana, E. dermatitidis 4. Cladophialophora 5. Bipolaris, Curvularia, Exserohilum 6. Alternaria 7. Alternaria a. Drumstick conidia 8. Bipolaris a. Geniculate (bent) b. Oblong to fusoid c. Germ tubes 9. Curvularia a. Geniculate b. Sympodially, central swollen cell 10. Exophiala a. E. jeanselmei, E. dermatitidis b. KNO3 (+) = E. jeanselmei; Growth at 40-42°C = E. dermatitidis 11. Exserohilum a. Geniculate b. Sympodially, elongated, prominent hilum

PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS 1. Associated fungi (6) 2. Symptoms include ___________ manifestations 3. Associated with brain abscess (2) 4. Conidia produced singly and in chains 5. Multicellular conidia with septations in the horizontal axis only (3) 6. Multicellular conidia with septations in both horizontal and longitudinal axis (1) 7. Alternaria a. Conidia shape 8. Bipolaris a. Conidiophores are characteristically __________ at the locations where conidia are attached b. Conidia shape c. _________ are formed on both ends (bipolar) of the conidia 9. Curvularia a. Conidiophores are ________ b. Conidia are arranged _______ and have a ___________ cell 10. Exophiala a. Species (2) b. Difference of the two in terms of KNO3 and growth at 40-42°C 11. Exserohilum a. Conidiophores are ________ b. Conidia are arranged _______ and have ______ shape, and exhibit __________

True septate Conidia Ascopores Teleomorph; Anamorph Synanamorphs P. boydii, H. capsulatum, Saccharomyces, some Candida

Phylum Ascomycota: Produce _____________ hyphae Asexual reproduction by: __________ Sexual reproduction by: __________ They may exhibit a sexual form (___________) but also exist in an asexual form (___________) Fungi that have different asexual forms of the sane fungus: ___________ Examples of fungi that belong to Ascomycota: (4)

Basidiospores Basidium Smuts, rusts, mushrooms, C. neoformans

Phylum Basidiomycota Sexual reproduction by _____________ on a specialized structure called ___________. Generally plant pathogens or enviromental rarely causing disease in human. Examples: (4)

Sparsely septate Sporangiospores Zygospores Mucorales

Phylum Zygomycota: Produce ______________ hyphae Asexual reproduction by _______________ Sexual reproduction by ______________ Order __________ is under this phylum

Mucorales

Rhizopus, Mucor, Lichtheimia, Rhizomucor, Actinomucor, Cokeromyces, Syncephalastrum, Saksenaea, Cunninghamella, Apophysomyces are all under what fungi order

1. Hortaea werneckii a. Skin, Tinea nigra b. Palm and Sole c. Transverse rings, annellophores, annellides 2. Piedraia hortae a. Hair/scalp, Black piedra b. Highly septate, swollen intercalary

SUPERFICAL DEMATIACEOUS MOLDS 1. Hortaea werneckii a. Infection of the _______ which causes __________ b. Blackish brown macular patches on the ________ c. Conidia with _________ are produced by _______ which bear successive rings (_________) 2. Piedraia hortae a. Infection of the _______ which causes __________ b. Does not sporulate but produces _______ hyphae and _________cells

1. C. immitis 2. H. capsulatum, C. immitis 3. Bone Marrow 4. C. immitis, T. marneffei 5. C. immitis 6. C. immitis, 3 7. G. candidum, Trichosporon; C. immitis, Malbranchea 8. Latex agglutination assay 9. BHI with 5-10% Sheep blood, Cottonseed, 35-37°C 10. 25-30°C

SYSTEMIC FUNGI 1. All are thermally dimorphic except 2. Usually asymptomatic and self limited(2) 3. Specimen for H. capsulatum 4. Usually slow growers (7-21 d) except these 2 which take 3-5 days 5. Conversion of dimorphic molds to yeast can be accomplished except for _________ (req. special media or animal inoculation) 6. Most infectious of all the fungi: __________ (handled in level _____ BSC) 7. Produce contiguous hyphae (2); produce alternate hyphae (2) 8. Assay for presumptive ID of coccidiodes 9. Media used to convert mold to tissue form: _________ If B. dermatitidis is suspected use __________. Incubate at _________. 10. Temp for growth of mold forms.

1. Blastomyces dermatitidis a. North America b. Soil or wood near waterways c. Large, spherical, thick-walled, broad base d. Single, circular to pyriform, short, lollipops e. Gilchrist disease f. Ajellomyces dermatitidis 2. Coccidiodes immitis a. Spherule, Endospores b. Rectangle/barrel, disjunctor cells, alternate c. Cobweb colony 3. Emmonsia a. Adiaspores b. Adiaspiromycosis c. Flower-like 4. Histoplasma capsulatum a. Spelunker's disease / Darling disease b. Chicken coop, starlings, bat guano in caves c. RES d. Oval, mononuclear cells e. Tuberculate 5. Paracoccidiodes braziliensis a. South america b. Serpiginous c. Mutliple budding, narrow neck, Mariner's wheel d. Fine septate, chlamydoconidia 6. Talaromyces marneffei a. Southeast Asia b. Bamboo rat c. Internal crosswalls d. Penicillium e. Red-maroon (reverse) 7. Sporothrix schenkii a. Rose gardener's disease b. Cigar, PAS c. Denticle, flowerette d. Trauma

SYSTEMIC FUNGI 1. Blastomyces dermatitidis a. Country b. Habitat c. Tissue form: ____________ yeast cells usually with a single bud connected to the parent cell by ___________ d. Mold form: ___________ conidia produced on __________ conidiophores which resembles "____________" e. Disease f. Teleomorph 2. Coccidiodes immitis a. Tissue form: nonbudding, thick-walled _______ that contains granular material or nonbudding ________ b. Mold form: ______________ shaped arthroconidia separated by nonviable ______________ (termed ___________ arthroconidia) c. Colony appearance 3. Emmonsia a. Produces _________ (spores that increase in size inside animal host) b. Condition associated with inhaled conidia c. Mold form: production of secondary conidia in a ___________ arrangement 4. Histoplasma capsulatum a. Disease known as b. Source c. Invades the _______ system d. Yeast form: _______ yeast cells found intracellularly in ___________ e. Mold form: With age, macroconidia become __________ 5. Paracoccidiodes braziliensis a. Country b. Lesions are characteristically ulcerstive with a __________ border c. Tissue form: ___________ yeast cells connected to the parent cell by ___________ (resembles a "______________") d. Mold form: _________ hyphae and numerous ___________ 6. Talaromyces marneffei a. Area b. Animal source c. Tissue form: small yeast like cells that have ______________ , no budding cells are produced d. Mold form: similar to that of ___________ e. Produces soluble _____________ pigment produced that diffuses into the agar 7. Sporothrix schenkii a. Disease known as b. Yeast form: _______ shaped yeast cells. If stained with _______, amorphous pink material surround the yeast cells c. Mold form: single celled conidia borne in clusters connected to the conidiophore by a threadlike structure (______________) resembling ___________ arrangement d. Acquired through ________ to hand, arm or leg

1. Dermatologic specimens (skin, hair, nails) Blood CSF 2. Respiratory tract specimens 3. Cycloheximide 4. CSF 5. 30°C; 28 days 6. Mycosel Agar 7. Leading edge (center has nonviable) 8. Dimorphic fungi 9. C. neoformans, Candida, Aspergillus, Trichosporon, P. boydii

Specimen collection: 1. When processing is delayed, specimens can be refrigerated except for (3) 2. The most common specimen collected for culture of fungi 3. An antifungal that prevents overgrowth by rapidly growing molds 4. This specimen should be filtered or centrifuged before inoculating and the media used should not contain antibacterials or antifungals. 5. Optimal temp for blood culture is _______ and incubation time is ________ 6. Media that contains chloramphenicol and cycloheximide and is satisfactory for recovery of dermatophytes 7. Which part of skin lesions should be sampled? 8. Do not make slide cultures of 9. Susceptible to cycloheximide (5)

Lungs

Systemic mycoses primarily involve what organ

1. Trichophyton in general a. Smooth, thin-walled club shape b. "Birds on a fence" 2. T. rubrum a. Slow b. Cherry red on the reverse side c. Teardrop micro d. Pencil shaped macro (3-8 septa) e. Doesn't perforate f. Urease (-) 3. T. mentagrophytes a. Rapid b. Spherical in grapelike clusters c. Cigar macro (2-5 septa) d. Perforates hair e. Urease (+) f. Spiral hyphae. 4. T. tonsurans a. Primary cause of Tinea capitis, Alopecia, Black dot ringworm b. Slow c. Balloon forms d. Chlamydoconidia 5. T. verrucosum a. Slow b. Rat tail/string bean (rare) c. Chlamydoconidia chains (37°C) d. Antler hyphae e. Casein 6. T. schoenleinii a. Favus (Tinea favosa), Scutulae causing Alopecia b. Slow c. None d. Chlamydoconidia e. Knobby or club shape (chandelier) 7. T. violaceum a. Very slow b. Portwine (purple reverse) c. None d. Endothrix

TRICHOPHYTON 1. Trichophyton in general a. Macroconidia b. Microconidia 2. T. rubrum a. Growth b. Colony color c. Microconidia d. Macroconidia e. Hair perforation f. urease 3. T. mentagrophytes a. Growth b. Microconidia c. Macroconidia d. Hair perforation e. Urease f. Special hyphae 4. T. tonsurans a. Diseases (3) b. Growth c. Microconidia d. Special conidia (old culture) 5. T. verrucosum a. Growth b. Macroconidia c. Special conidia d. Special hyphae e. Early hydrolysis of ________ 6. T. schoenleinii a. Severe infection: __________: formation of ______ b. Growth c. Micro/macroconidia d. Special conidia e. Hyphae 7. T. violaceum a. Growth b. Colony color c. Micro/macroconidia d. Hair invasion type

Hyphae Mycelium

The basic structural unit of a mold: _____________. As these grow, they become intertwined to form a loose network: _____________ which penetrate the substrate from which it obtains rhe necessary nutrients for growth.

Molds (Filamentous Fungi)

They produce fluffy, cottony, woolly or powdery colonies.

Yeasts

They produce moist, creamy, opaque or pasty colonies and can be mistaken for bacteria.

1. Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, Malassezia, Blastoschizomyces, Pseudozyma, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sporobolomyces 2. Candida 3. Rhodotorula 4. Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5. M. furfur a. Tinea versicolor/Ptyriasis b. Reverse Dimorphism c. Spaghetti and meatballs d. Oval/bowling pin/pop bottle e. Olive oil (long chain FA) 6. Trichosporon a. White piedra (T. beigelii) b. Rectangular contiguous c. T. asahii 7. C. neoformans, Trichosporon, Rhodotorula 8. Germ Tube test (35-37°C)

YEASTS 1. Associated organisms (9) 2. Most frequently encountered opportunistic fungal infections (75%) 3. Produces red pigment in colony 4. Used in baking 5. Malassezia furfur a. Disease b. Produces both yeast cells and hyphae in lesions is referred to as ___________ c. Morphology resembles: d. Cell shape e. Cultivation requires agar overlaid with 6. Trichosporon a. Disease in immunocompetent patients b. Arthroconidia characteristic c. implicated in severe fatal disease in immunocompromised hosts 7. Urease (+) (3) 8. Most generally accepted and economical method used to identify yeasts

1. Blastoconidia (budding) 2. Binary fission 3. Ascospores; Basidiospores 4. Bud scar 5. Germ tube, true hyphae 6. Pseudohyphae

Yeast reproduction: 1. Asexually by ______________ formation. 2. Some reproduce asexually by ____________. 3. Sexually by production of ____________ or ___________. 4. Residual defect at budding site 5. ____________- Outpouching of the wall that becomes tubular and has no constriction (represents the initial stage of ____________ formation) 6. When buds elongate and fail to dissociate and form subsequent buds "links of sausage", cell wall constrictions rather than true intracellular septations