MYP Honors World History - Chapter 6: Industrial Revolution
Zionism
A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine.
Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
__________________ emerged around 1910, first used by Wassily Kandinsky. It was based off the idea that art should speak directly to the soul, so you must only use line and color to draw it.
Abstract painting
A partially industrialized nation
Austria-Hungary
Naturalists
Believed that literature should be realistic and address social problems
After the ____________ was patented in 1855, steel replaced iron and was used in the building of smaller, lighter, and faster engines and machines.
Bessemer process
Modern feminism had its beginnings during the ______.
Enlightenment
Between 1880 and 1920, more than 20 million immigrants came to the United States primarily from _____.
Europe
True or false: According to Karl Marx, the bourgeoisie would form a dictatorship to organize the means of production after their victory over the proletariat in a revolution.
False
True or false: Between 1880 and 1920, the vast majority of immigrants to the United States came for economic reasons.
False
An industrialized nation
Great Britain
____________ and ____________ explored the role of women in society, alcoholism, and urban slums.
Henrik Ibsen; Èmile Zola
Who pioneered the use of the assembly line?
Henry Ford
Identify the changes that electricity led to during the Second Industrial Revolution.
Homes and cities began to have electric lights when the lightbulb was created; Streetcars and subways powered by electricity appeared in major European cities; Conveyor belts, cranes, and machines in factories could all be powered by electricity.
Impressionism movement
In the 1870s, some artists wanted to actually capture what they were drawing, so they went out into the countryside to paint nature directly
Believed that all of world history was a "history of class struggles."
Karl Marx
Upper-middle class
Lawyers, doctors, members of the civil service, business managers, engineers, architects, accountants, and chemists
Why did Western nations begin to finance the public education system between 1870 and 1914?
New firms required trained, skilled workers; There was a need for better-educated voters
Which is true of industrialization in Europe around 1900?
Only some countries and regions were industrialized.
Lower-middle class
Shopkeepers, traders, and prosperous farmers
Psychoanalysis was created by _________________ and was a method for a therapist to probe deeply into the patient's memory. This allowed the patients to retrace repressed thoughts all the way back to childhood and helped to cure them.
Sigmund Freud
An agricultural nation
Spain
Modernism
The changes caused by the rebellion against the traditional literary and artistic styles that had dominated European cultural life since the Renaissance.
After the first practical generators of electrical current were developed in the 1870s, what developments occurred during the Second Industrial Revolution?
The first radio waves were sent across the Atlantic Ocean; A revolution in communications began with the invention of the telephone
Identify an accurate statement about European middle-class family life in the 1800s.
The middle-class family fostered an ideal of togetherness.
Social Darwinism
The radical belief that the laws of natural selection could be applied to modern human societies
Identify the basic aim of women suffragists by the 1840s and 1850s.
The right of women to obtain full citizenship in the nation-state
Which is true of members of the new elite that was formed in the 1800s?
They became leaders in the government and military.
Which is true of corporations during the Second Industrial Revolution?
They gained wealth that raised them to a new level of prominence.
As the immigrant population grew, what effect did immigrants have on American life?
They influenced the culture of where they lived
How did corporations affect manufacturing and the marketplace during the Second Industrial Revolution?
They refined systems of production; They innovated new consumer goods
Which is true of the trade unions that were formed during the Second Industrial Revolution?
Trade unions supported the right to strike.
White collar workers
Traveling salespeople, bookkeepers, telephone operators, department stores salespeople, and secretaries
True or False: Extreme nationalists used Social Darwinism as a reason to reject the less fortunate and justify racism.
True
True or false: Between 1870 and 1914, most Western governments began to finance a primary education system to instill patriotism.
True
Arrange the middle classes that emerged in European society during the Second Industrial Revolution from highest to lowest.
Upper-middle class; White collar workers; Lower middle class
Revisionists
argued that workers must continue to organize in mass political parties and even work with other parties to gain reforms
The ____________ was a manufacturing method pioneered by Henry Ford in 1913 that increased the efficiency of mass production.
assembly line
In Europe, the urban working class began to live more comfortably after 1870 because of...
better living conditions in cities
In 1889, leaders of the various socialist groups in Europe formed the Second International to fight against ______ worldwide.
capitalism
During the Second Industrial Revolution, European capital was invested abroad to __________________, and foreign countries provided markets for Europe's manufactured goods.
develop railways, mines, electrical power plants, and banks
Between 1880 and 1920, immigrants to the United States increased the country's labor supply, which...
enabled industry and infrastructure to expand
By the 1840s and 1850s, the movement for women's rights in Europe expanded as women called for...
equal political rights
As part of the feminist movement, some women began to advocate for ______ for women.
equality
The term revisionist was used to describe a Marxist who believed in ______.
evolution by democratic means to achieve the goal of socialism
The movement for women's rights is known as...
feminism
The Second Industrial Revolution...
gave rise to steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum
The First Industrial Revolution...
gave rise to textiles, railroads, iron, and coal
The growth of extreme nationalism and racism led to anti-Semitism, defined as...
hostility toward and discrimination against Jews
Why did women begin to have fewer children in the nineteenth century?
improved economic conditions; increased use of birth control
Cities grew faster in Europe in the second half of the nineteenth century because of ______.
improvements in public health and sanitation
Throughout the 1800s, ______ remained almost the only honorable and available career for most women.
marriage
The production of goods in quantity usually by machinery is known as...
mass production
As a result of the Industrial Revolutions, more and more people in Europe...
migrated to cities from rural areas
At the end of the nineteenth century and the start of the twentieth century, authors and artists served as ______ for events in the world and often became powerful ______ for change.
mirrors; voices
During the Age of Enlightenment, some women advocated equality for women based on the doctrine of ______.
natural rights
Pogroms
organized violence (mainly used when talking about violence against Jews)
In the 1830s, a number of women in Europe argued for the right of women to ______.
own property
The oppressed
owned nothing and depended on the owners of the means of production
The oppressors
owned the means of production, such as land, raw materials, and money; controlled government and society
In the 1880s, __________________ arose, where artists would paint what they felt.
postimpressionism
Nineteenth century author and political thinker Samuel Smiles argued that...
poverty resulted from irresponsibility; people must work hard to improve their lives
A(n) ______ was a Marxist who rejected the revolutionary approach, believing instead in evolution by democratic means to achieve the goal of socialism.
revisionist
The term suffrage refers to the ______.
right to vote
In a ______, a trade union calls on its members to stop work in order to pressure employers to meet their demands for higher wages or improved factory safety.
strike
During the Second Industrial Revolution, the assembly line, pioneered by Henry Ford in 1913, increased...
the efficiency of the mass production of goods
Why were there increased job opportunities for women during the Second Industrial Revolution?
the lack of men to fill relatively low-paid, white-collar jobs; the expansion of government services
In the 1800s, the most significant development in the modern family was that...
the number of children born to the average woman began to decline
Proletariat
the oppressed—the working class
Bourgeoise
the oppressors—the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people
The term mass production refers to...
the production of goods in quantity usually by machinery
Identify the rights for which women in the United States and Europe fought in the 1830s.
the right to own property; the right to enter into occupations dominated by men; the right to attend universities
Pure Marxists
thought that capitalism could be defeated only by a violent revolution
The ______ that stood at the top of European society made up only 5 percent of the population but controlled from 30 to 40 percent of the wealth.
wealthy elite
In Europe, landholding peasants, farm laborers, and sharecroppers were part of the...
working classes
Between 1890 and 1914, higher-paying jobs in heavy industry made it possible for ______ families to depend on the income of husbands alone.
working-class
In the 1800s, most ______ English women and children had to earn money to help support their families.
working-class
The Second Industrial Revolution and the growth of the transportation sector fostered a true ______.
world economy