N04 CS103 - Networks & Cloud Computing

IEEE 802.11b

11 Mbps First widely accepted wireless network standard and transmits at 2.4 GHz; equipment using this protocol may occasionally suffer from interference from microwave ovens, cordless telephones, and Bluetooth devices

IEEE 802.11n

300 Mbps Employs multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) technology, which allows multiple data streams to be transmitted over the same channel using the same bandwidth that is used for only a single data stream in 802.11a/b/g

IEEE 802.11ac

400 Mbps-1.3 Gbps An 802.11 standard that provides higher data transmission speeds and more stable connections; it can transmit at either 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz

IEEE 802.11g

54 Mbps Equipment using this protocol transmits at 2.4 GHz and may occasionally suffer from interference from microwave ovens, cordless telephones, and Bluetooth devices

IEEE 802.11a

54 Mbps Transmits at 5 GHz, which means it is incompatible with 802.11b and 802.11g

True

A Web page is made up of three components: text, tags, and references to files. [TF]

computer network

A ____ consists of communications media, devices, and software connecting two or more computer systems or devices.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A ____ is a Web address that specifies the exact location of a Web page using letters and words that map to an IP address and a location on the host.

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)

A ____ is a file or portion of an HTML file that defines the visual appearance of content in a Web page.

wide area network (WAN)

A ____ is a network that connects large geographic regions.

metropolitan area network (MAN)

A ____ is a network that connects users and their computers in a geographical area that spans a campus or city.

search engine

A ____ is a valuable tool that enables you to find information on the Web by specifying words or phrases known as keywords, which are related to a topic of interest.

personal area network (PAN)

A ____ is a wireless network that connects information technology devices close to one person.

podcast

A ____ is an audio broadcast you can listen to over the Internet. The name ____ originated from Apple's iPod combined with the word broadcast.

client

A ____ is any computer that sends messages requesting services from the servers on the network.

network operating system (NOS)

A ____ is systems software that controls the computer systems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with each other.

geostationary satellite

A ____ orbits the Earth directly over the equator, approximately 22,300 miles above the Earth, so that it appears stationary.

low earth orbit (LEO)

A ____ satellite system employs many satellites, each in an orbit at an altitude of less than 1,000 miles.

extranets

A growing number of companies offer limited network access to selected customers and suppliers. Such networks are referred to as ____, which connect people who are external to the company.

local area network (LAN)

A network that connects computer systems and devices within a small area, such as an office, home, or several floors in a building, is a ____.

Multiplexer

Allows several communications signals to be transmitted over a single communications medium at the same time, thus saving expensive long-distance communications costs

IP address

An ____ is a 64-bit number that identifies a computer on the Internet. The 64-bit number is typically divided into four bytes and translated to decimal; for example, 69.32.133.79.

extranet

An ____ is a network built using Web technologies that links selected resources of the intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners.

intranet

An ____ is an inexpensive yet powerful alternative to other forms of internal communication, including conventional computer setups.

intranet

An ____ is an internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products.

Internet service provider (ISP)

An ____ is any organization that provides Internet access to people.

Fax Modem

Combines a fax with a modem; facsimile devices, commonly called fax devices, allow businesses to transmit text, graphs, photographs, and other digital files via networks

hopping

Communications are routed among network nodes by allowing for continuous connections and by bypassing blocked paths by ____ from node to node until a connection can be established.

Bridge

Connects one LAN to another LAN where both LANs use the same communications protocol

twisted-pair

Copper wire, shielded or unshielded; used for telephone service

Router

Forwards data packets across two or more distinct networks toward their destinations through a process known as routing; often, an Internet service provider (ISP) installs a router in a subscriber's home that connects the ISP's network to the network within the home

tags

HTML uses ____, which are codes that tell the browser how to format the text or graphics as a heading, list, or body text, for example.

microwave frequency range

High-frequency radio signal (300 MHz-300 GHz) sent through the atmosphere and space (often involves communications satellites)

microwave-terrestrial and satellite frequency range

High-frequency radio signal (300 MHz-300 GHz) sent through the atmosphere and space (often involves communications satellites)

client/server architecture

In ____, multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions, such as database management, printing, communications, and program execution.

bus network

In a ____, all network devices are connected to a common backbone that serves as a shared communications medium.

star network

In a ____, all network devices connect to one another through a single central device called the hub node.

peer-to-peer network

In a ____, you set up each computer as an independent computer, but you let other computers access specific files on its hard drive or share its printer.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

In the United States, the ____ decides which frequencies of the communications spectrum can be used for which purposes.

coaxial cable

Inner conductor wire surrounded by insulation

PBX (private branch exchange)

Manages both voice and data transfer within a building and to outside lines; ____ can be used to connect hundreds of internal phone lines to a few outside phone company lines

Front-end processor

Manages communications to and from a computer system serving many people

search engine optimization (SEO)

Many businesses invest in ____ —a process for driving traffic to a Web site by using techniques that improve the site's ranking in search results.

fiber-optic cable

Many extremely thin strands of glass bound together in a sheathing; uses light beams to transmit signals.

radio frequency range

Operates in the 3 KHz-300 MHz range

True

Organizations contemplating moving to the cloud are advised to proceed carefully, as almost one in three organizations encounter major challenges during the transition. [TF]

Gateway

Serves as an entrance to another network, such as the Internet

True

Software-defined networking approach automates tasks such as configuration and policy management and enables the network to dynamically respond to application requirements. [TF]

30 miles

Stations can be located roughly ____ apart before the curvature of the Earth makes it impossible for the towers to "see" one another.

Web 2.0

The Web as a computing platform that supports software applications and the sharing of information among users.

Tim Berners-Lee

The World Wide Web was developed by ____ at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Geneva.

Internet

The ____ is made up of computers, network hardware such as routers and fiber-optic cables, software, and the TCP/IP protocols.

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

The ____ is responsible for managing IP addresses and Internet domain names.

http

The ____ specifies the access method and tells your software to access a file using the Hypertext Transport Protocol.

World Wide Web (Web)

The ____, on the other hand, consists of server and client software, the hypertext transfer protocol (http), standards, and markup languages that combine to deliver information and services over the Internet.

ARPANET

The ancestor of the Internet was the ____, a project started by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969.

hot spot

The area covered by one or more interconnected wireless access points is called a ____.

internet backbone

The combined hardware of these and other NSPs—the fiber-optic cables that span the globe over land and under sea—make up the ____.

internet protocol (IP)

The set of rules used to pass packets from one host to another is the ____.

Modem

Translates data from a digital form (as it is stored in the computer) into an analog signal that can be transmitted over ordinary telephone lines

Switch

Uses the physical device address in each incoming message on the network to determine which output port it should forward the message to reach another device on the same network

Bluetooth

Using ____ technology, users of multi-functional devices can synchronize data on their device with information stored in a desktop computer, send or receive faxes, and print.

hyperlinks

Web pages are connected to each other using ____, specially denoted text or graphics on a Web page, that, when clicked, open a new Web page containing related content.

wide area network (WAN)

When you make a long-distance phone call or access the Internet, you are using a ____.

network-management software

With ____, a manager on a networked personal computer can monitor the use of individual computers and shared hardware (such as printers), scan for viruses, and ensure compliance with software licenses.

cloud computing,

With ____, organizations can avoid large, up-front investments in hardware as well as the ongoing investment in the resources that would be required to manage that hardware.

terrestrial

____ (Earth-bound) microwaves are transmitted by line-of-sight devices, so the line of sight between the transmitter and receiver must be unobstructed.

network-management software

____ also simplifies the process of updating files and programs on computers on the network—a manager can make changes through a communications server instead of having to visit each individual computer.

communications media

____ are any material substance that carries an electronic signal to support communications between a sending and a receiving device.

4G

____ broadband mobile wireless delivers more advanced versions of enhanced multimedia, smooth streaming video, universal access, and portability across all types of devices.

web services

____ consist of standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites and make it simpler to develop and use the Web for business and personal purposes.

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

____ is a markup language for Web documents containing structured information, including words and pictures.

content streaming

____ is a method of transferring large media files over the Internet so that the data stream of voice and pictures plays more or less continuously as the file is being downloaded.

JavaScript

____ is a popular programming language for client-side applications.

Software as a service (SaaS)

____ is a software delivery approach that provides users with access to software remotely as a Web-based service.

10-Gigabit Ethernet

____ is a standard for transmitting data at the speed of 10 billion bps for limited distances over high-quality twisted-pair wire.

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

____ is a standard for wireless communications for mobile phones based on packet switching, which is an entirely different approach from the circuit-switching approach employed in 3G communications networks.

Near field communication (NFC)

____ is a very short-range wireless connectivity technology that enables two devices placed within a few inches of each other to exchange data.

Bluetooth

____ is a wireless communications specification that describes how cell phones, computers, printers, and other electronic devices can be interconnected over distances of 10 to 30 feet at a transmission rate of about 2 Mbps.

software-defined networking (SDN)

____ is an emerging approach to networking that allows network administrators to manage a network via a controller that does not require physical access to all the network devices.

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

____ is an information systems strategy in which an organization outsources the equipment used to support its data processing operations, including servers, storage devices, and networking components.

Instant messaging

____ is online, real-time communication between two or more people who are connected via the Internet.

network topology

____ is the shape or structure of a network, including the arrangement of the communication links and hardware devices on the network

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

____ is the standard page description language for Web pages.

Wireless communication

____ is the transfer of information between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor.

Mobile device management (MDM) software

____ manages and troubleshoots mobile devices remotely, pushing out applications, data, patches, and settings.

wide area network (WAN)

____ often provide communications across national borders, which involves national and international laws regulating the electronic flow of data across international boundaries, often called transborder data flow.

search engine optimization (SEO)

____ professionals use Web analytics software to study detailed statistics about visitors to their sites.

network-management software

____ protects software from being copied, modified, or downloaded illegally. It can also locate communications errors and potential network problems.

Web 1.0

____ provided a platform for technology-savvy developers and the businesses and organizations that hired them to publish information for the general public to view.

Platform as a service (PaaS)

____ provides users with a computing platform, typically including operating system, programming language execution environment, database services, and a Web server.

cloud computing

____ refers to a computing environment in which software and storage are provided as an Internet service and accessed by users with their Web browser.

broadband communications

____ refers to any high-speed Internet access that is always on and that is faster than traditional dial-up access.

channel bandwidth

____ refers to the rate at which data is exchanged, usually measured in bits per second (bps)—the broader the ____, the more information can be exchanged at one time.

virtual private network (VPN)

____ transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets and sending the packets over the Internet, a practice called tunneling.

mesh networks

____ use multiple access points to link a series of devices that speak to each other to form a network connection across a large area.

3G

____ wireless communications supports wireless voice and broadband speed data communications in a mobile environment at speeds of 2 to 4 Mbps.

internet protocol (IP)

____, which enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed.

Java

____is a programming language from Sun Microsystems based on the C++ programming language, which allows small programs, called applets, to be embedded within an HTML document.

blog

a ____, is a Web site that people and businesses use to share their observations, experiences, and opinions on a wide range of topics.