Nancy Caroline Chapter 30

5.

A fall in blood pressure and the resultant changes in plasma osmolality cause the release of: C. aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.

4.

A healthy adult can tolerate blood loss of up to ____ mL over a period of 15 to 20 minutes without any negative effects. A. 500

36.

A trauma patient with suspected internal hemorrhage and inadequate breathing requires: Select one: A. ventilation assistance and rapid transport.

38.

Decompensated shock in the adult is characterized by: Select one: D. falling blood pressure.

31.

External bleeding would be the MOST difficult to control in a patient with a large laceration to the _____________ and a blood pressure of ______ mm Hg. Select one: D. carotid artery, 100/70

1.

Hemoglobin functions by: B. binding to oxygen that is absorbed in the lungs and transporting it to the tissues.

8.

How can you tell if bleeding from the ears or nose contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? Select one: A. CSF has a high glucose content.

24.

If you discover minor external bleeding during your primary assessment of a patient, you should: Select one: D. make note of it and continue your assessment.

33.

If you suspect internal bleeding during the primary assessment, you should: Select one: D. keep the patient warm and administer oxygen.

22.

In contrast to a patient with compensated shock, a patient with decompensated shock would be expected to present with: Select one: C. mottled skin and dilated pupils.

34.

Most external hemorrhage can be controlled with a combination of: Select one: C. direct pressure and pressure dressings.

35.

Much of the bleeding associated with unsplinted fractures continues because: Select one: C. bone ends will continue to move and destroy partially formed clots.

11.

Perfusion is defined as: Select one: B. the circulation of blood through an organ or tissue in amounts adequate to meet the body's demands.

32.

The MOST significant factor that determines how well the body compensates for blood loss is: Select one: B. the period of time over which the blood is lost.

13.

The amount of blood returned to the heart is called: Select one: A. preload

21.

The physiologic process of hemostasis is achieved through: Select one: D. vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation.

16.

The presence of a radial pulse: Select one: A. can lead to a gross overestimation of blood pressure.

14.

What is the approximate total blood volume of a 150-pound male? Select one: A. 4.8 L

23.

What is the ejection fraction of a patient whose ventricle fills with 120 mL of blood and contracts 90 mL? Select one: D. 75%

29.

Which of the following components is LEAST crucial to the continuous circulation of oxygenated blood throughout the body? Select one: B. Spleen

15.

Which of the following factors would have the MOST negative effect on the body's process of hemostasis? Select one: D. Anticoagulant use

19.

Which of the following injuries or mechanisms would MOST likely lead to nonhemorrhagic shock? Select one: D. Severe burns

7.

Which of the following injury locations can cause a junctional hemorrhage? Select one: A. In the axilla

12.

Which of the following organs can sustain the longest period of inadequate perfusion? Select one: A. Gastrointestinal tract

2.

Which of the following organs or body systems requires a constant blood supply, regardless of external factors? C. Kidneys

25.

Which of the following signs would you MOST likely observe in a patient with compensated shock? Select one: A. Anxiety or agitation

10.

Which of the following statements regarding blood flow is correct? Select one: A. Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood that the heart pumps per contraction

30.

Which of the following two factors DIRECTLY affect cardiac output? Select one: C. Stroke volume and pulse rate

20.

Which of the following types of medication would MOST likely reduce a patient's ability to compensate when in shock? Select one: B. Calcium channel blockers

37.

Which of the following types of shock is caused by poor blood vessel function? Select one: A. Anaphylactic

18.

Which of the following would be the earliest sign of hemorrhagic shock? Select one: A. Tachycardia

26.

You are treating a 20-year-old woman with a large laceration involving the brachial artery. The patient is confused, is pale, and has weak peripheral pulses. Your initial attempts to control the bleeding have failed. You should: Select one: C. apply a proximal tourniquet, administer high-flow oxygen, transport, and establish vascular access en route

27.

You have successfully controlled a large arterial hemorrhage from a 42-year-old man's leg with direct pressure and a pressure dressing. He is conscious, but restless. His blood pressure is 84/58 mm Hg, pulse is 120 beats/min, and respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should: Select one: B. administer high-flow oxygen, keep him warm, transport, and establish two large-bore IV lines en route.

3.

Your patient has a blood pressure of 80/60 mm Hg. What is his mean arterial pressure? B. 27 mm Hg

6.

After packing a severe groin injury with hemostatic gauze, you should: B. hold direct pressure for 3 minutes.

9.

Afterload is defined as the: Select one: A. pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump.

17.

Agents such as Celox, HemCon, and QuikClot are used to: Select one: D. promote hemostasis.

28.

Air splints will not apply enough pressure to control arterial bleeding until the patient's systolic BP is: Select one: C. 50 mm Hg.