NASM REVIEW

How is an isokinetic muscle contraction best described?

A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted

What is acidosis in muscle?

A decrease in pH, which can lead to feelings of fatigue

Which of the following is the functional unit of a muscle cell?

A sarcomere

Which of the following muscles is primarily targeted when performing a biceps curl exercise with the thumb up?

Brachioradialis

Which of the following would be an example of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)?

Cleaning the house

What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration?

Concentric

What are two ways to best improve the timely passage of food through the intestinal tracts and prevent constipation?

Ensure adequate water intake, and engage in an exercise program that is inclusive of both aerobic and resistance training

Which muscle functions as part of the global muscular system?

Erector spinae

Pronation of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction

What is the concept used to describe the action of muscles that have the ability to contract automatically in anticipation of movement?

Feed-forward

Which of the following effects of the cardiovascular system occurs during exercise?

Increased ventricular filling

What component of breathing improves blood flow back to the heart?

Inspiration with a decrease in intrathoracic pressure

Which of the following hormones have an anabolic function and have been shown to increase up to 48 hours following resistance training?

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)

Which term describes the movement of bones, such as flexion and extension?

Osteokinematics

Which type of training would most likely lead to increased levels of testosterone, insulin-like growth factors, and growth hormone?

Overload training that is of a high intensity with limited rest periods

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to provide the body with what gas?

Oxygen

Which of the following solutions would allow an individual to achieve a greater depth during the lowering phase of the squat if ankle stiffness is the cause?

Place a small board under the heels

Which of these is one of the major curvatures of the spine?

Posterior lumbar curve

What is a key mechanism involved in internal feedback?

Proprioception

What type of input may provide a runner with a cue to contract the evertor muscles to avoid an inversion injury?

Proprioception

Improved performance during a plyometric jump is dependent upon which of the following?

Rapid amortization phase

What is the scientific term that describes the nervous system's role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists?

Reciprocal inhibition

What term is used to describe the concept of how the functioning of one body segment can impact other areas of the body?

Regional interdependence

Which component contributes the most to total energy expenditure?

Resting metabolism

Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs?

Right ventricle

Which plane of movement can be described as an imaginary line that bisects the body into right and left sides?

Sagittal

What movement term is used to describe the concept of adducting the shoulder blades so that they become closer together?

Scapular retraction

The upper trapezius works with what muscle as a force couple to create upward rotation of the scapula?

Serratus anterior

Which characteristic is exhibited by type I muscle fibers?

Slow to fatigue

The difference between the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes is referred to as what?

Stroke volume

What is the anatomical term that describes something positioned above an identified reference point?

Superior

Which concept should be used to describe the functioning of the serratus anterior as it assists the anterior deltoid during shoulder flexion?

Synergist

Which joints are most associated with human movement?

Synovial

During normal walking, the pelvis rotates in what plane to facilitate the necessary momentum for the swing phase?

Transverse

In what plane of movement do shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction occur?

Transverse

The water-soluble vitamins include which vitamins?

Vitamin C and the B complex vitamins

What is the optimal amount of protein per meal for muscle protein synthesis?

20 to 40 g

Which of the following processes describes the passage of digested food into the blood system to be processed for energy, nutrients, and tissue building?

Absorption

Before carbohydrates, fat, or protein can enter the citric acid cycle (CAC), they need to be converted to what common molecule?

Acetyl CoA

What mechanism is responsible for increasing the rate of heart conduction?

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

The anterior oblique subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?

Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators

Overactive hip flexors may lead to which of the following postural compensations?

Anterior tilting of the pelvis and an increased low-back arch

Which division of the skeleton is made up of the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle?

Appendicular

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action?

As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during a concentric contraction?

As the velocity of the muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases.

Which system supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body?

Autonomic nervous system

Which of the following exercises would be most likely to contribute to an acute increase in testosterone levels?

Back squat

What is the process called that prepares fatty acid substrates to enter the citric acid cycle?

Beta-oxidation

If someone were performing repeated sprints with each sprint lasting between 30 and 90 seconds, which energy system would be contributing the most to ATP production during this activity?

Glycolysis

The deep longitudinal subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?

Hamstrings and erector spinae

Which of the following would make a person better at oxidizing fat?

Having more mitochondria in their muscle

During a squat, which muscle group isometrically contracts to prevent unnecessary thigh movement in the frontal plane?

Hip abductors

Which of the following benefits may occur as a result of exercises that comprise only eccentric muscle actions that are appropriately loaded?

Increased anabolic hormone stimulation

What term is used to describe muscle tension that is created without a change in muscle length and no visible movement of the joint?

Isometric

Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?

Lateral subsystem

Which heart chamber gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs?

Left atrium

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the body?

Left ventricle

What is the fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone?

Ligament

What is the bone type of the clavicle, radius, and ulna?

Long

Which part of a cell is responsible for using nutrients to create energy for the cell?

Mitochondria

Which muscle functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements?

Multifidus

Movement represents the integrated functioning of which three main body systems?

Muscular, nervous, and skeletal

What is the best definition of essential when discussing human nutrition?

Must be obtained in the diet, as the body is incapable of producing the nutrient on its own

What is end-diastolic volume?

The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction

What is stroke volume?

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction

The pathway for hormones secreted by the endocrine system may be described by which of the following?

The gland secretes the hormone, which travels through the bloodstream to reach a target cell, where it binds to a receptor and influences a particular action.

What is explained by the sliding filament theory?

The shortening of a sarcomere to produce a muscle contraction

What is the function of the neuromuscular junction?

The site where the nervous system and muscle fibers communicate

What are triglycerides?

The stored form of fat

How should the amortization phase of the stretch-shortening cycle be described?

The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading

What is cardiac output?

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Performing a biceps curl with a dumbbell in the hand is an example of which type of lever?

Third class

The posterior oblique system includes which of the following muscle groups?

Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus

What measurement is dependent upon the length of the lever arm and the angle between the force application and the lever arm?

Torque

Accumulating too much of a vitamin or mineral in the body may lead to what?

Toxicity