Native American history semester review.

Who was the Apache leader and medicine man best known for his fearlessness in resisting anyone who attempted to remove his people from their tribal lands?

Geronimo

What was discovered in the Black Hills that led to the U.S. government taking land back that it had originally promised to the Sioux?

Gold

What form of communication did Plains Indians use to communicate with other tribes and pass down stories?

Hand Talk

Who with several others signed the Treaty of Echota, ceding ancient Cherokee homelands in Georgia to the U.S. government in exchange for land in Indian Territory?

Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boundinot.

What are the lands that the U.S. government set aside for Native Americans called?

Reservations

What does the name Geronimo mean?

"He who yawns"

What tribe was Geronimo from?

(Bedonkohe)Apache

Why were those five Tribes called the Civilized Tribes?

Because they were the most "Assimilated".

How many federally recognized tribes are there in the U.S. today?

574

How many Native American tribes were there?

600

What were pueblos?

A Pueblo is a settlement that has houses made of stone, adobe, and wood.

What is a group of Native American peoples based on their culture and language usually called?

A Tribe

What made Tecumseh famous?

A battle against a Shawnee leader(RedSticks) and some Creeks against European Chieftains and American Overlords(they were crushed by General Andrew Jackson's army)

What was the Ghost Dance?

A religious ritual that was supposed to resurrect fallen warriors and rid the Indians of white intruders and return things they way they were before the whites got there.

Before the Europeans arrived, where did the Native Americans live?

Across Alaska, across Canada, and throughout the lower 48 United States

Where do most of the descendants of Native Americans live today?

Alaska, Oklahoma, New Mexico

Who is the leader of the Chickasaw today?

Bill Anoatubby.

From what were teepees primarily made?

Animal skins and wooden poles.

How do archaeologists know about the history and culture of Native Americans?

Archaeologists use artifacts and oral history to learn the history and culture of Native Americans.

Why were Native Americans called Indians?

Because Christopher Columbus thought he landed in India and assumed the natives were Indian

Name the five civilized tribes

Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole

Who was the Cheyenne leader during the Sand Creek Massacre in Colorado?

Chief Black Kettle.

Who was the Lakota Sioux that had a vision of U.S. soldiers falling like grasshoppers from the sky, which he took as an omen that the army would soon be defeated?

Chief Sitting Bull

Who was the Lakota Sioux that led over 3,000 Native Americans to victory against Custer in the Battle of Little Bighorn?

Chief Sitting Bull

What were the Navajos called who were Marines that used their native language to foil the enemy with communications which played a role in winning the war and saving many lives?

Code Talkers

Who fought against the Sioux and the Cheyenne at the Battle of Little Bighorn?

Colonel George Armstrong Custer.

What name did the white man call the Muscogee Tribe?

Creek Indians

What are the Native Americans referred to in Canada?

In Canada, the term Indigenous peoples (or Aboriginal peoples) refers to First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples.

Who was the Principal Chief of the Cherokee and served longer in the position than any other person?

John Ross

Who led the Native Americans in King Philip's War against the English?

Metacomet

Who was considered the Chief of Chiefs of the Choctaw people?

Mushulatubbee

Were the Native American tribes constantly warring with each other prior to the arrival of the Europeans?

No

What region did the PUeblo Indians live in?

Northeastern Arizona and Northwestern New Mexico.

Who emerged as a leader of the Seminoles after the First Seminole War?

Osceola

What factors led to the settlers' press for more Native Americans land?

Overpopulation and Gold

What President oversaw the Trail of Tears?

President Andrew Jackson

Who was the guide for Lewis and Clark?

Sacagawea

Disease was a major contributing factor to the decrease in population of Native Americans when the Europeans settled in North America. What disease did they bring with them that nearly wiped out the Native Americans?

Smallpox

Other than the Five Civilized Tribes, name four other tribes that are located in Oklahoma.

The Comanche, The Apache, The Caddo, The Wichita

What are some terms used to refer to the people who first lived in America before the Europeans arrived?

The First Americans and Native Americans

Name a famous Native American (family of sisters) that became renowned ballet dancers.

The Five Moons

What was the name of the confederation of five (later six) nations across upper New York state that played a strategic role in the struggle between the French and British for control of North America?

The Iroquois Confederacy.

To which tribe did Sitting Bull belong?

The Sioux tribe.

Which treaty led to the Trail of Tears?

The Treaty of New Echota

What animal did the Great Plains Indians hunt?

They hunted Buffalo.

What role did the Navajo Code Talkers play in WWII?

They used their native language as an uncrackable communications code.

What was the real reason the U.S. established Native American boarding schools?

To assimilate Native American children and youth into Euro-American culture.

Who is honored and recognized as the first female Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation (1985) and is also the first woman elected as Chief of a major Native Tribe?

Wilma ManKiller

In 1973, which location was seized by Native Americans in protest of their treatment by the U.S. government?

Wounded Knee

What Native American people lived in Alaska and the Arctic?

the Eskimo (Inuit and Yupik/Yupiit) and Aleut;