Natural Disasters Test 1

Using the rule of 70, money invested at 5% annual interest will double in __________ years.

14

After lava cools below the Curie point, which is about _______, atoms in iron-bearing minerals become magnetized in the direction of the Earth's magnetic field at that time and place.

550 degrees Celsius.

Which of the following has the highest probability of causing a "10-fatality event" each year?

A tornado.

Earthquake magnitude scales such as the Richter scale assess the effects on people and buildings, true or false?

False.

True or False, The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 meters per second squared (32 feet per second squared), which is referred to as 1.0 g and is used as a comparative unit of measure. Earthquake measures have never been measured in excess of 1.0 g.

False.

What is the most likely outcome if the large sheet of ice on Greenland was to completely melt?

Greenland would slowly rise over thousands of years as isostatic rebound occurs.

What caused the collapse of the human population on Easter Island from its peak in 1550 ce?

Human activities overwhelmed the environment.

Epicenter v Hypocenter

Hypocenter is directly below the Epicenter.

Most of the 40 deadliest disasters between 1970 and 2013 occurred in a belt running from China and Bangladesh through India and Iran to Turkey. This area was particularly vulnerable because __________.

It has a high population density.

Seismic Waves that only travel near Earth's surface are of two main types: ______ waves.

Love and Rayleigh.

What do more of the well-developed countries have?

Low death rates and low birth rates.

Most of the less developed countries have ______.

Low to moderate death rates and high birth rates.

What does the Richter scale measure?

Maximum aptitude of seismic waves as they reach seismographs.

What is the formula for the rule of 70?

Number of years to double=70/annual rate of return.

All the continents were once combined into a single supercontinent called ________.

Pangea.

_____ occurs when a building's period matches period of passing seismic waves.

Resonance.

With compressional forces, the hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall; this type of fault is referred to as a __________ fault.

Reverse.

What is the frequency of a wave?

The number of waves passing a given point per unit time.

If an oceanic trench formed along the East Coast of North America, the deepest earthquakes related to the subduction of oceanic plate beneath North American would occur ______ the eastern coastline.

West of.

A rock subjected to higher temperatures would be expected to behave __________.

in a more ductile matter.

Flexible buildings (made of wood or steel) have a ______ resonant period than a stiffer building (one of brick or concrete).

longer.

When oceanic lithosphere collides with another plate, the ________ in the process of subduction.

older, colder plate turns downward beneath the younger, warmer plate.

The Richter Scale is set up so that every ______ increase in the amplitude of the recorded seismic wave, the Richter magnitude increases one number, e.g., from 4 to 5.

ten-fold

The blanket of sediment on the sea floor is ___________ toward the ocean margins.

very thin at the volcanic ridges and thickens.

What is a Raleigh Wave?

Backward-Rotating Surface Wave.

The return period of a disaster is the average number of years __________.

Between same-sized events.

Which of the following best explains why a mass of low-density material in the mantle rises?

Buoyancy.

If you are in a car that increases its speed by 41%, the kinetic energy will

Double.

What is a P-Wave?

Compression and Extension Body Wave.

The farther away a seismic station is from an earthquake's hypocenter the __________ A.) more likely it is that only S waves will be recorded B.) more likely it is that only surface waves will be recorded C.) the shorter the delay is between the arrival of the P waves and S waves D.) the longer the delay is between the arrival of the P waves and S waves

D.

Which of the following is NOT a basic tenet of plate tectonics? A. When the leading edge of a moving slab of oceanic lithosphere collides with another slab, the older, colder, denser slab turns downward and is pulled by gravity back into the asthenosphere (subduction), while the less-dense, more buoyant slab overrides it. B. Melted asthenosphere flows upward as magma and cools down to form new ocean floor lithosphere. C. The slab pulled into the asthenosphere begins the process of reabsorption into the mantle. D. The slab pulled into the asthenosphere begins the process of melting and moves into the liquid core. E. The new lithosphere slowly moves laterally away from the zones of oceanic crust formation on top of the underlying asthenosphere (seafloor spreading)

D.

12.5% of original parent population is equal to how many half-lives?

Three.

What is an S-Wave?

Transverse Body Wave.

What is a Love Wave?

Transverse Surface Wave.

Hot spots have active volcanoes above them on the Earth's surface and moving plates carry the volcanoes away from their hot-spot source.

True.

Some major faults acting for millions of years have offset rock layers horizontally by hundreds of kilometers, True or False?

True.

The gigantic plates of the lithospheric plates diverging, sliding past, or colliding with each other are directly responsible for most of the earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountains on Earth, true or false?

True.

True or False, In General there is an inverse relationship between the frequency and the magnitude of a disaster process.

True.

True or False, the likelihood over 20 years of a hurricane that kills 1,000 people is greater than that of an earthquake that kills 1,000 people.

True.

A rock with only 25% of the parent isotope left has been decaying for time equal to __________ half-lives.

Two.