Natural Gas

1 BTU

1 match is equal to how many BTU's

natural oderant because it must be detectable by a person with a normal sense of smell

A combustible gas in a distribution line must contain a __________.

32 degrees

A frost ball of frozen soil can form around underground pipes, causing an undue stress on the pipe if gas falls below what degree F?

Orange Flame

A type of flame caused by dust particles

Blue Flame

A type of flame that is considered a good flame. It results when primary and secondary air are mixed properly.

Yellow Flame

A type of flame that results from incomplete combustion because of a lack of primary air and could possible produce carbon monoxide.

Mercaptan

An organic sulfur compound that is added to natural gas to give it an identifiable odor (specifically for customer recognition)

13.0%

At what % of oxygen in the air is acetylene flame extinguished, work becomes difficult, there is an increased breath rate, and your lips and fingernails turn blue?

8-11%

At what % of oxygen in the air will you experience a loss of consciousness and death if oxygen is not restored?

Yes

Can natural gas be compressed (CNG) and liquefied? (LNG)

When something impedes the flame or a lack of sufficient oxygen is supplied

Carbon Monoxide is formed from incomplete combustion, how is incomplete combustion formed?

14

Gas temperature will drop approx. 1 degree F for every how many psi reduction in pressure?

Odorant ; smelling the leak.

How can the customer detect a leak?

Each operator must conduct periodic sampling of combustible gases by using an instrument capable of determining the percentage of gas in air at which the odor becomes readily detectable.

How do you assure the proper concentration of odorant?

In BTU's

How do you measure Natural Gas?

Fored from decomposition of organic materials

How is natural gas formed?

100,000 BTU's

How many BTU's does Therm equal?

One on each level of the home

How many Carbon Monoxide detectors should each home have?

5%

In LEL (Lower explosive limit), 100% LEL is equivalent to what % of gas?

15%

In UEL (Upper explosive limit), 100% UEL is equivalent to what % of gas?

Natural Gas Toxicity

Leaking natural gas can displace oxygen in the air and cause illness or suffocation. This is called _________.

-is less pervious -may create a barrier which prevents gas from teaveling upward, which causes it to accumulate underground and possibly expand to sewer or building wall

List Moist soils affect on Migration

-Allows gas to move freely -Often cracks appear that will allow gas to migrate upward and vent to the atmosphere

List dry soils affect on migration

-Forms a barrier at ground level that will not allow leaking gaselow to rise and vent -Leaking gas can migrate to sewer or building wall

List frozen soils affect on gas migration

False

Natural gas is NOT odorless (true/false)

False

Natural gas is Toxic (true false)

plants, trees, and tiny organisms long before the dinosaurs.

Natural gas is a fossil fuel form from the decomposition of __________________.

True

Natural gas is clean burning and safe for the environment (True or false?)

True

Natural gas is colorless (true/false)

True

Natural gas is combustible (true/false)

85-95%

Natural gas is compromised of what percent methane?

2-8%

Natural gas is compromised of what percent of non-hydrocarbons (nitrogen and carbon dioxide) ?

3-7%

Natural gas is compromised of what percent other hydrocarbons (Ethane, propane, butane, and pentane)?

True

Natural gas is lighter than air (true/false)

True

Natural gas is tasteless (true/ false)

20.99%

Normal oxygen supply is what percent of air composition?

PPM 200

PPM that Causes a mild headache within 2-3 hours

PPM 6400

PPM that causes headache, dizziness, and unconsciousness within 1-2 minutes and death within 15-20 minutes

PPM 400

PPM that causes headache, nausea, and discomfort within 1-2 hours

PPM 1600

PPM that causes headache, nausea, dizziness, and unconsciousness within 20 minutes and death within 1 hour

PPM 800

PPM that causes headache, nausea, dizziness, and unconsciousness within 45 minutes, and death within 2 hours

PPM 3200

PPM that causes headache, nausea, dizziness, and unconsciousness within 5-10 minutes and death within 30 minutes

PPM 12,800

PPM that causes unconsciousness after 1-3 breaths, death within 3 minutes

PPM 50

PPM that is The permissible exposure limit according to OSHA, produces no adverse effects within 8 hours

Arcing

The following are all considered what type of Electrical spark? Doorbells, light switches, telephones (landline or cell), smoke detectors, appliances, thermostats, thermostats, flashlights, elevators, hand tools, equipment rectifiers, garage door openers

490 degrees F

The ignition temperature for Gasoline, Kerosene, and fuel oil is?

806 degrees F

The ignition temperature for butane is?

874 degrees F

The ignition temperature for propane is?

Natural gas

This analysis of this type of gas shows ethane

Sewer gas

This analysis of this type of gas shows no ethane

Carbon Monoxide

This gas is odorless, colorless and tasteless, is a product of incomplete combustion, and is deadly in small amounts.

True

True/ False: When gas is compressed, its pressure and density increases.

False

True/False : Age does NOT affect odor quality

True

True/False : Carbon Monoxide is a by-product of incomplete combustion of natural gas

True

True/False : Distraction from the odor and being desensitized to the odor affect odor quality

False; they raise the gas temperature before reducing pressure

True/False : During cold weather, pipeline heaters lower the gas temperature before reducing pressure to keep regulated gas above 32 degrees F.

False; it will move slower in a low pressure system

True/False : Gas will move faster in a low-pressure system than in a high-pressure system

False; 5-15%

True/False : Gas will not ignite unless you have a range of 75-100% gas in air

True

True/False : Natural Gas consists mainly of methane

True

True/False : Natural Gas is a simple asphyxiate

True

True/False : Natural gas expands when it is heated and contracts when cooled

True

True/False : Natural gas has no odor

True

True/False : Natural gas is lighter than air

True

True/False : Natural gas is lighter than air, so it will rise.

False

True/False : Natural gas is toxic

False; it will burn with an ignition source when combined with a certain mixture of air and gas (5-15%)

True/False : Natural gas will burn by itself

True

True/False : Natural gas will follow the path of least resistance

True

True/False : Physical ailments affect odor quality

True

True/False : The gender of the client affects odor quality

False

True/False : Using masks does NOT affect odor quality

True

True/False : When released in the atmosphere propane, gasoline, and fuel oils will settle at ground level.

True

True/False: Carbon Monoxide is deadly in small amounts

False

True/False: If gas is detected in a building it is safe to use the telephone, a flashlight, or any electrical switches.

True

True/False: Natural Gas is a clean burning fuel

False: higher to lower

True/False: Natural gas will flow from an area of lower pressure to one of higher pressure.

True

True/False: When released in the atmosphere, natural gas will rise and quickly mix with air.

9PPM

What PPM (parts per million) is the maximum allowable concentration for short term exposure in a living area (ASHRAE)

35 PPM

What PPM is the NIOSH 8 hr workplace recommended exposure limit? (REL)

50 PPM

What PPM is the OSHA workplace permissible exposure limit (PEL) for 8 hours?

Electrical Spark (Arcing , static electricity) and Open flame (smoking material, lanterns, candals, pilot lights)

What are the two types of ignition sources?

A charcoal filter

What can be used to determine if petroleum vapors are the source of a reading?

if the gas passes through areas of decayed matter or various soil compositions

What can decrease or mask the odor intensity of gas?

Soil conditions, concrete, and frost

What effects the migration of gas?

British Thermal Unit; its the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb mass of water one degree, i.e. from 59.5 degrees F to 60.5 degrees F

What is BTU?

19.5%

What is OSHA's minimum percentage of oxygen in air limit for work without supplied oxygen?

An instrument used to verify/classify gas leaks

What is a combustible gas indicator? (CGI)

When gas accumulates far away from the inital leak by traveling through sewers and underground duct lines.

What is gas migration?

A vital natural resource of a combustible mixture of hydrocarbon gases

What is natural gas?

A number that relates the weight of a gas to air -Natural Gas : 0.6 -Carbon monoxide: 0.96 -Air: 1.0 -Propane : 1.56 -Gasoline: 3.5 -Kerosine/Fuel oil: 4.5

What is specific gravity?

UEL: 15% gas Optimum : 10% Gas LEL: 5% gas

What is the flammable range for natural gas at UEL, Optimum, and LEL?

Ethane

What is the true indicator of natural gas that distinguishes it from sewer gas, decayed organic material, and petroleum gases, etc.

1% (equilivant to 20% LEL)

What percent is Mercaptan detectable in air?

5-15%

What percent of natural gas in air is required to support combustion?

Heat (1100 degrees) Fuel (5-15% Gas) Oxygen

What three components are needed to complete the Fire Triangle (Tetrahedron)

-Excercise extreme caution -eliminate sources of ignition -evacuate everyone out of the building immediately -ventilate by leaving windows and doors open on the way out -go to a safe area and call the gas company

When gas is detected in a building you should:

It displaces the amount of oxygen in the air, if displaced enough it will cause asphyxiation when the amount of oxygen in the airis not enough to support life, and 50% gas in the air will refuce the amount of oxygen to approximately 10.5%.

Why is natural gas a simple asphyxiate?

Primary Air

the air and gas mixed before the burners

Secondary air

the air externally supplied to the flame at the point of combustion