NCTI 5-6
What is the minimum accepted input signal strength per digital channel on a media distribution gateway?
+5 to +10 decibel millivolts (dBmV).
What is typically required when working on a voice installation with a private branch exchange (PBX) system?
A telephone technician or onsite support that is provided by the customer.
Which two layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model are combined in the transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) model Network Access Layer?
Data Link Layer and Physical Layer.
Static Internet protocol (IP) address settings are manually configured using the IP address, the Preferred DNS server, the Alternate DNS server, and the Subnet mask settings. Which setting is missing from the list?
Default gateway
Which step in the six-step troubleshooting process uses the information that was gathered to identify the cause of the problem and find the most likely solution?
Diagnose the symptoms.
What is a good practice to use when installing an APs (Access point) in a hospital room or dormitory where people sleep?
Disable the LEDs (Light-emitting diodes) on the AP and only temporarily enable them when troubleshooting.
The __________ allows devices in the network to automatically request and be assigned IP addresses and other network settings, such as workstations on a LAN.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
How much do you know about IPv6?
Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) uses a much larger address space with 128 bits of hexadecimal numbers versus iPv4's 32 bits. Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) addresses are 32 bits long. There are greater than 340 trillion Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) unique addresses.
What is the best way to gather information to create a clear and concise problem statement?
Leverage multiple sources for information by talking to the customer's office staff, maintenance staff, and those impacted by the problem
Which of the following is a unique address that is physically assigned to devices such as a modem or network interface card (NIC)?
Media Access Control (MAC) address
Can you match the STB capability to its features?
Multi-tuner HDTV host, Multimedia over Coax (MoCA) multi-room STB with built-in DVR = Analog and digital tuner; HDTV; digital video and audio output, analog video, and audio output; multi-room functionality. Dual-tuner HDTV STB and DVR = Analog and digital tuner; built-in DVR; HDTV; digital video and audio output; video and audio output. Digital and analog = Analog and digital tuner; analog video, and audio output. Digital only = Digital tuner; analog video and audio output.
The __________ contains communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment, implementing the actual topology of the local network that allows the Internet layer to present an addressable interface.
Network Layer
Which of the following is true regarding networking cabinets and closets? Choose all that apply.
Networking cabinets are smaller than networking closets. Ensures that equipment or cabling is installed in a location that is not directly on top of equipment that needs to be cooled or on equipment that is performing cooling.
What does electrical interference from electrical wiring or electric motors cause on telephone wiring?
Noise on the line.
Which of the following are true about Internet protocol (IP) and Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) address structures? Choose all that apply.
On the Internet, two devices (computers, switches, routers, modems, etc.) cannot be assigned the same IP address. An IP address consists of two parts: the network portion and the host portion. Within the host portion of an IP address, the values 0 and 255 are reserved. Class A has an IP range of 0.0.0.0 through 127.255.255.255
What telephone wiring condition is characterized by one or more telephones not working because one or both conductors have been cut?
Open condition.
According to the ANSI/TIA/EIA-606 color coding guidelines, which color represents the telephone demarcation point in a commercial building?
Orange
Review the gateways and the OSI reference model. Which layer includes the media, signal, and binary transmission?
Physical
The __________ is the predominant Application Layer protocol used by Internet email clients to retrieve and store email messages.
Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
What is the best Infrared (IR) sensor for a set-back box (SBB) due to their relatively low cost and their ability to be hidden from view?
Prism sensor.
Which media distribution gateway is used where legacy analog TVs are in place for reliable programming without a set-top box (STB)?
Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to analog (Q2A)
What credential server do WPA (Wired Protected Access) or WPA2 encrypted APs (Access points) use to compare credentials prior to allowing a user to authenticate to a network?
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In Service) server.
Per the NFPA standard 72 which of the following are listed alternatives to DACT technology?
Radio (one-way, two-way, mesh) Internet protocol (IP-based-technology )
What consideration could one make if a deployed network has good 2.4 GHz coverage with lackluster 5 GHz coverage?
Reduce transmit power in 2.4 GHz
When porting telephone numbers, what information should you confirm with the customer?
The number of telephone lines being installed and their associated telephone numbers.
Why is it important that a channel plan ensures no two adjacent access points are on the same channel?
To avoid co-channel interference
What is the primary purpose of a 66-block?
To distribute up to 50 unique telephone numbers within a business.
When troubleshooting a commercial property, what is the main reason for removing a reverse output pad from a line amplifier?
To mitigate unwanted noise or ingress leaking back into the hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) plant.
Which of the following are true regarding IP address ownership? Choose all that apply.
To obtain one or a set of IP addresses, you must lease them from the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). As with public IP addresses, no two domain names may be identical. Addresses must be set for computers, routers, switches, and IP phones for these devices to operate on networks.
Which layer defines the end-to-end connections and reliability?
Transport
True or False. Certain tests and/or tasks may need to take place at the time problems are occurring to assist with the troubleshooting process. One of the tasks the customer should perform while the problem is happening is to move equipment from the problematic room to another room if a power cycle fails to determine whether the problem persists.
True
True or False. Depending on your company's policy, if the wireless service does not reach certain areas of the business, it may require the installation of a WAP to extend the Wi-Fi range.
True
True or False. When performing the customer hand-off, show the customer the static IP address configuration information on the work order and/or on the equipment.
True
True or False. When working with the customer's on-site IT staff, try to have them present for the duration of the visit, if it is feasible.
True
True or False? A channel plan is important to ensure that no two adjacent access points (AP) are on the same channel to avoid co-channel interference.
True
True or False? Controllers can be accessed with a web browser by typing in their IP address.
True
True or False? If channels, including premium channels, are not present and premium channels are missing, verify that the SBB is not on a public view account or configured to be in a public view location.
True
True or False? If there is a problem locating the demarc, the site survey should include the locations of all the relevant cabling.
True
True or False? In the 5 GHz band, wider channels yield higher throughput in each coverage cell. However, there might not be enough frequency space in your environment for each coverage cell to use a wider channel.
True
True or False? One of the preventative measures that should be performed while on-site in equipment rooms, guest rooms, and public locations is to inspect for loose connections.
True
True or False? When determining a location for the EMTA in a business, make sure it can be plugged into an unswitched outlet
True
True or False? When porting telephone numbers, verify the associated telephone numbers for the lines.
True
What can be done when APs (Access points) share the same channel and are contending for airtime, thus slowing down the network?
Turn down transmit power.
Which two bands, in the 5GHz band, are home to the DFS (Dynamic frequency selection channels?
UNII-2 and UNII-2e bands UNII = Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure
When troubleshooting a missing channel issue on a media distribution gateway for a commercial property, what should be done?
Verify that an auto program has been run or that the correct commercial TV configuration file in use.
Which of the following is a best practice when verifying video services? Choose all that apply.
When verifying video from an SBB and DTA and the issue is seen in multiple rooms, select a room and troubleshoot the issue back from that room to the first point where the services split. When performing the customer hand-off for local video content insertion installation, demonstrate how to power cycle the video insertion system, if instructed by customer service.
Review the image of a DVISm Mini Encoder front panel.
Where is the QAM channel elimination filter? = #2 or the red box Where is the encoder card? = #5 or the green box Where is the cable management bar? = #1 or the orange box Where are the RF port connectors? = #4 or the purple box
If an issue is found with a single set-back box (SBB) or digital terminal adapter (DTA) during the verification process, what is the first thing you should determine?
Whether the issue is physical in nature such as no power, an unplugged High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), or on a switched outlet.
What determines the overall quality of a stable Internet service?
Zero percent packet loss and a stable ping time.
Which small, network is private to the organization, sharing a common communications line linking together devices such as computers, printers, and other peripherals?
local area network (LAN)
Can you match the command prompt to its description?
netsh = Provides a computer currently running on the network the capability of viewing and modifying the network configuration. cls = Clears the data from the screen. CTRL+C = Halts or attempts to halt any action that is currently running in the Windows Control Prompt. systeminfo = Yields the configuration of the computer. nslookup = Shows the IP address of any DNS server name provided or, conversely, finds the DNS server name for any IP address that is provided.
Which command line entry is used for testing latency, packet loss, and the general health of the modem?
ping
How much do you know about different types of channel elimination filters?
- Single-channel and multi-channel elimination filters can be used to delete a specific frequency or set of frequencies by specifying the channel or channels for elimination. - Band reject filters may be used to extract a broad spectrum of frequencies and/or channels to be replaced with locally inserted channels, leaving forward and return data paths available for two-way devices at other locations within the property. - Band reject filters are an inexpensive and compact solution that were used to eliminate a wide band of frequencies without having to deploy a more expensive and larger solution. - Band-stop filters pass most of the frequencies intact while selectively removing a 6 MHz-wide portion of the bandwidth.
What is the binary equivalent of decimal number 47?
00101111
What is the binary equivalent of decimal number 65?
01000001
How many non-overlapping channels are in the 5 GHz band?
24
What is a result of 5 GHz wavelengths being shorter than 2.4 GHz wavelengths?
5 GHz waves have a lower indoor range then 2.4 GHz waves.
How much do you know about the OSI reference model?
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
The __________ provides the user interface to the system using programming interfaces to request network services.
Application Layer
Can you match the OSI reference model layers (by order) to the TCP/IP model layers?
Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer
Can you match the commercial TV mode feature to its function?
Band/Automatic Frequency Control = Determines what RF band the RF distribution system should use and then selects the appropriate value it before tuning channels or running Auto Tuning. Start Channel = Sets the initial channel number for when the TV is turned on. Installer Sequence = Allows the access code used to engage the commercial mode setup menu to be changed. Power Management = Saves energy by setting the number of hours of inactivity allowed before the TV automatically turns itself off.
Which unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) category (CAT) supports data rates up to 10 gigabits per second (Gbps) ?
CAT-6, CAT-6A, and CAT-7.
The __________ is responsible for holding and processing physical addresses, and establishes and maintains reliable links between different nodes or devices on a network using existing physical connections.
Data Link Layer
How much do you know about UTP categories?
CAT-7 uses an entirely new connector (rather than the RJ45 connector) and was suited for use in areas where crosstalk and cable length are issues, such as data centers, hospitals, and large enterprise networks. CAT-6 has a larger overall diameter and tighter twist length (0.5 inches or less) to reduce crosstalk between pairs and to provide better bit error rate (BER) performance and improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A high-grade CAT-5e UTP cable can sustain 155 MHz to 350 MHz data transmissions and transmission speeds of up to 1 gigabit per second (Gbps).
Which type of unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable does not easily catch fire and is designed to smoke very little so that toxic fumes are not circulated through a building?
CMP - Plenum-rated cable.
Can you match the UTP cable type to its description?
CMP = Communication Cable General purpose indoor cable CMR = Riser-rated cable CM/CMG = Communication Cable General purpose indoor cable
According to the National Electric Code (NEC) article 800-179, which type of cable marking shows that a cable is riser-rated?
CMR
Which part of the DVIS takes an incoming signal and filters out a range of frequencies?
Channel elimination filter
What is the first thing to look for when telephones within the business experience an issue where there is no dial tone and the embedded multimedia terminal adapter (EMTA) is powered up?
Check dial tone directly from the EMTA using a telephone test set.
Can you match the telephone feature to its description?
Conference call = Links multiple parties into a single telephone conversation. Roll-over = Allows an incoming call, when faced with a busy line, to roll to the next number until it finds a line that is available. Automated Attendant = A virtual switchboard operator that directs incoming callers to the appropriate extension. Hunting = Allows multiple numbers to act as a single group. An incoming call will find an available line within that group.
When troubleshooting a problem within a commercial property, what group of people should you leverage for help?
Customer on-site Information Technology (IT) staff.
Which protocol has four numeric fields, each 8 binary bits long, called "octets"?
Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4).
Which Wi-Fi transmitting device has the highest likelihood to support DFS (Dynamic frequency selection) channels?
Enterprise-grade APs (Access points)
True or False. A stable Internet connection exhibits no more than a five percent packet loss and a stable ping time.
False
True or False. Gather information to create a problem statement by reviewing previous iterations and trouble calls from the customer.
False
True or False. The demarc point for service installation and verification should have been explained to the customer prior to starting the work, therefore, this does not have to be covered again.
False
True or False? A signal propagates from a ceiling mounted access point down and slightly outward.
False
True or False? All the outgoing lines are terminated on the left side of the 66-block.
False
True or False? DTAs have the capability to perform upstream signaling.
False
True or False? If the injected signal on a DVIS system is 6 decibels (dB) above or below the adjacent digital channels, there are issues with the return path.
False
True or False? In certain environments, such as hospital rooms or dormitory rooms where people sleep, it is difficult to disable the LEDs as most access point and controller solutions do not support this feature.
False
True or False? In the 5 GHz band, there are four non-overlapping channels available.
False
True or False? In the 5 MHz band, UNII-2 and UNII-2e are known as the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band.
False
True or False? The NID is installed by the business services technician and connects the customer inside telephone wiring to the PTSN.
False
True or False? The dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) allows a gateway router or firewall to act as an address converter between public and private Internet protocol (IP) addresses.
False
True or False? Usually, the voice service installation responsibility ends with telephone number importing.
False
Which of the following is true regarding business class voice service installation? Choose all that apply.
Firmly establish with the customer and their telephone technician where the demarc (where the customer's responsibility starts and ends) will be. Existing active phone wiring should be inspected, cleaned, tested, and labeled
Can you match the IP packet header field to its description?
Flags = A 3-bit field controls fragmentation. Bit 0 is reserved and must be set to zero. Bit 1 instructs that a packet not be fragmented. Bit 2 indicates more fragments are coming. ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) = A 2-bit field that offers end-to-end network congestion notification between network devices to reduce packet loss. Destination Address = A 32-bit field that contains the IP address of the receiving host. It does not change as the packets traverse the network, unless the datagram passed through a network address translation (NAT) device. IHL (Internet Header Length) = A 4-bit field counts the number of 32-bit words in the header. Identification = A 16-bit field that tags a group of IP packet fragments. Each datagram must have a unique identification number so receiving hosts can reassemble the fragmented datagram.
Can you match the troubleshooting method to its description?
Follow-the-path = This method provides a basic method that discovers data in a traffic path and then follows the path from its source to its destination. Spot-the-differences = This method compares various components, such as configurations, hardware, network devices, software versions, links, or processes, between formats that are working versus those that are not working. Divide-and-conquer = Starting in the middle, typically at the Network Layer, this method breaks the network into increasingly smaller segments that are tested until the section with the problem is determined. Bottom-up = This method starts at the Internet Layer, working the investigation up through the layers and narrowing the cause by ensuring the network's physical components operate properly.
Can you match the color to the cabling and wiring used in businesses?
Green = Network connections (e.g., network equipment) Blue Horizontal connections to telecommunications outlets Orange = Demarc (e.g., service provider endpoint) Purple = Common equipment (PBX, host LAN, multiplex devices)
What information is needed when configuring a static IP?
IP address Subnet mask Default gateway Preferred DNS server Alternate DNS server
__________ protocol provides a global addressing structure, service type requests, and packet fragmentation and reassembly.
IPv4
What special band, in the 5 GHz band, is located on Channel 165?
Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band
What should you always do when working with old telephone wiring?
Inspect, clean, test, and label every part of the active telephone infrastructure within the business.
When setting up a commercial TV, which feature allows you to change the access code to enter the installer menu?
Installer sequence.
Can you match the term to its description?
Router = Directs and loads incoming and outgoing data packets into time slots after selecting the most efficient route(s) for the packets to reach their destination locally and to the Internet. Repeater = Designed to extend physical network segments by amplifying and repeating bits. Hub = Receives bits from one port and repeats them on all other ports. Default Gateway = Makes it possible for devices in one network to communicate with devices in another network. Wireless Access Point (WAP) = Connects to a wired network, typically using a wireless router or wireless bridge, allowing access into a Wi-Fi network. Network Interface Card (NIC) = Permits connecting a network cable to a personal computer (PC).
Which of the following data services does a business use because it works best for dedicated services, such as hosting a website or Internet server, email, and file transfer protocol (FTP)?
Static Internet protocol (IP) addressing.
Can you match the step in the troubleshooting process to its description?
Step 1: Identifying the problem = Ask specific questions to gather more information about the problem. Step 2: Analyzing the Situation = Ask the customer to demonstrate or recreate the problem if possible and note anything out of the ordinary. Step 3: Isolating the Elements = Comparing the observed problem with how the system and equipment should run. Step 4: Diagnosing the Symptoms = Use the information that was gathered to identify the cause of the problem and find the most likely solution. Step 5: Resolving the Problem = This step is performed after the cause has been located and diagnosed and requires making corrections, as necessary. Step 6: Verifying the Solution = Once the corrective action has been implemented, it is time to verify that it resolved the problem.
Can you put the six-step troubleshooting process steps in order?
Step 1: Identifying the problem = Ask specific questions to gather more information about the problem. Step 2: Analyzing the Situation = Ask the customer to demonstrate or recreate the problem if possible and note anything out of the ordinary. Step 3: Isolating the Elements = Comparing the observed problem with how the system and equipment should run. Step 4: Diagnosing the Symptoms = Use the information that was gathered to identify the cause of the problem and find the most likely solution. Step 5: Resolving the Problem = This step is performed after the cause has been located and diagnosed and requires making corrections, as necessary. Step 6: Verifying the Solution = Once the corrective action has been implemented, it is time to verify that it resolved the problem.
Can you match the term to its description?
Tcpdump = Operates on the command line, allowing the users to display TCP/IP traffic being transmitted or received over a network on which the computer is attached. Wi-Fi spectrum analysis = Can detect activity from cordless telephones, wireless video cameras, wireless security systems, Wi-Fi devices, and anything else that transmits in 2.4 and 5 GHz. Wireshark = Allows a user to put the network interface controllers into an operational mode (promiscuous mode) where all data packets can be viewed and accessed by all network adapters operating in this same mode in a human-readable format.
