ND Chapter 9

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a sample of water is referred to as the ________________heat.

specific

Deep-ocean waters flow in an overturning circulation called _________.

thermohaline flow

When the relative humidity reaches 100%, excess water vapor condenses and forms liquid water; this temperature is the __________ temperature of the air mass.

dew point

When water vapor condenses it __________.

releases latent heat

The rapid rotation of the Earth results in all large moving air masses in the Northern Hemisphere sidling off toward their __________ -hand side, when viewed along the direction of movement, and all moving bodies of air in the Southern Hemisphere veering toward their __________.

right, left

During the course of a year, the equatorial regions of Earth receive about _________ times as much solar energy as the polar regions.

2.4

_________ are low-pressure air zones enclosed by somewhat circular isobars.

Cyclones

Energy is absorbed by water when it condenses from vapor.

False

The Sun's energy heats all parts of Earth equally.

False

Ascending air at the equator and descending air around 30°N and S latitudes create semicircular air circulation routes known as _________.

Hadley cells

Why are rain and clouds common in a low-pressure system?

Rising air cools causing condensation.

What is the correct order, starting from solar energy reaching the top of the atmosphere

Solar energy reaches the top of the atmosphere., Shortwave radiation reaches the Earth and warms it, Land surface radiates longwave radiation toward space, Outgoing longwave radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases, and Greenhouse gases radiate some energy back toward surface, which keeps the planet warmer.

Climate is the long-term average of the weather in a given area.

True

The Coriolis effect is greater at higher latitudes.

True

The process of expanding air causes cooling, an adiabatic process where temperature changes without loss of heat.

True

Water has the highest heat capacity of all solids and liquids, except liquid ammonia.

True

Which of the following has the lowest heat capacity?

air

The fraction of solar energy reflected back to space due to Earth's cloudiness or snow and ice cover is known as ______________.

albedo

The absorption and release of __________ as water evaporates and condenses transfers solar energy around Earth's surface and atmosphere.

latent heat

Because of the Coriolis effect, if you are in an airplane at the geographic north pole and point it toward Chicago and fly in a straight line at 500 miles per hour, you will _____________________.

pass to the west of Chicago

The __________ are the two main jet streams in each hemisphere.

polar jet and subtropical jet

Short-wavelength radiation from the Sun passes through a planet's atmosphere but some of the outgoing long-wavelength energy is absorbed and radiated again; this process is known as_________.

the greenhouse effect

The greenhouse effect results in

warming