NDFS 1020 - EXAM 3

Which of the following minerals is associated with a reduced risk of dental caries?

Fluoride

which of the following is not considered an essential nutrient?

Fluoride

This water-vitamin helps prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida and anencephaly.

Folate

Calcitonin ________.

is secreted when blood levels of calcium are too high

Pernicious anemia is a condition caused by the

lack of intrinsic factor

How many calories are provided from 60 mg of vitamin C?

0

Vitamins provide ____ kilocalories per gram.

0

stages if iron deficiency with the appropriate discription

1. Iron stores are lower than normal 2. The body firms hypochromic, microcytic red blood cells 3. Reduced cognitive function

Rank the steps involved in cancer development and progression beginning with a healthy, specialized cell.

1. The genes that control cell division in a healthy, specialized cell is damaged by a carcinogen. 2. With repeated damage, one abnormal cell divides uncontrollably. 3. Malignant cells become a tumor. 4. Invasive cell multiples, tumor grows and interferes with normal tissue functioning. 5. Malignant cells enter circulatory lymphatic systems (metastasize) and form new tumors in other parts of the body. 6. Tumor stimulates development of its own blood supply.

Stages in which cells acquire iron

1. Transferrin receptors increase in response to low ion 2. Transferrin transports iron 3. Transferrin binds to the transferrin receptors

Men and postmenopausal women should take no more than _____ mg of iron in supplement form.

10

Because vegetarians to not consume meat which provides heme iron, the recommendation for iron intake is up to ______ mg/day for men and ______ mg/day for premenopausal women.

14, 32

What is the adult RDA for iodide?

150 mcg/day

What is the RDA for iron in women under the age of 50?

18 mg/day

Which of the following is the Upper Level for iron?

45 mg

Vitamin D is often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin." This is because exposure to UV light can convert a substance in skin, ________, into vitamin D3.

7-dehydrocholesterol

Vitamin C (Female) Potassium Vitamin C (Male Smoker) Calcium (Teen) Folate

75 milligrams (mg) 4700 milligrams (mg) 125 milligrams (mg) 1300 milligrams (mg) 400 micrograms (mcg)

Which of the following may lead to decreased iron absorption?

A high calcium meal and taking antacids

Which of the following statements about calcium is false?

After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium.

_____ is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells and oxygen transport in the blood is impaired

Anemia

What are some signs and symptoms of a vitamin B-6 deficiency?

Anemia, convulsions, dermatitis

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?

Dairy

Dehydration can cause ________.

Death

________ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells.

Antioxidants

Good food sources of Vitamin A include

Apricots, Pumpkins, Spinach, Sweet Potatoes

The water-soluble vitamins include

B vitamins and vitamin C

Dermatitis, anemia, convulsions, depression, and confusion are al signs of a vitamin____ deficiency

B-12

People sometimes take this vitamin to treat PMS, morning sickness and carpal tunnel syndrome, even though there is not strong scientific evidence than it works.

B-6

The nutrients that, working together, may lower the risk of stroke, depression and dementia are

B-6, B-12, folate

Which of the following are good sources of iron?

Beef liver clams

What describes the degree of potency in a vitamin?

Biological activity

The human body can absorb some ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

Biotin

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

Boiling in a saucepan of water

Although commonly used for this purpose, scientific studies do not show that megadoses of vitamin _____ prevents the common cold.

C

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?

Calcium

Compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include

Carotenoids, vitamin C, and phytochemicals

Oxidants produced from excess iron in the blood can result from.

Certain genetic conditions and toxic amounts of iron supplements

Polyphenols

Coffee

Which of the following may increase iron absorption?

Combining heme and nonheme iron sources Drinking a glass of orange juice w an iron supplement

Iron supplementation can cause

Constipation, gastrointestinal distress, nausea

Jeanette is a vegan concerned about her iron intake. Which of the following practices would you recommend to Jeanette to increase her iron intake from plant foods?

Cooking vegetables in a cast iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice

Lydia's diet lacks ________, which is classified as a trace mineral.

Copper

A person may unknowingly decrease their intake of fluorinated water by

Drinking bottled water or using water filtration systems

Alyssa is trying to become pregnant, and she wants to increase her dietary intake of folate. Which of the following key recommendations from the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans will help to improve Alyssa's folate intake?

Eat a variety of vegetables, especially dark-green, and red and orange vegetables, and beans and peas.

In the body, pantothenic acid is important for

Energy metabolism, fatty acid synthesis.

What is the function of Chromium?

Enhance effect of insulin and glucose regulation

Adding B vitamins to refined flour and other milled grain products is an example of:

Enrichment

Which of the following terms best describe the mineral molybdenum?

Essential, Trace

Which statements about vitamins are true?

Excess vitamin intake can produce a toxicity disorder, Cells can be damaged by excess vitamin intake, Cells can become saturated with a vitamin

Riboflavin is easily destroyed by

Exposure to UV light

True or false: Scientific studies show that taking vitamin C is an effective way to prevent the common cold.

False

Adding a pat of margarine to steamed carrots or tossing vegetables in salad dressing are two ways to improve the absorption of ______ - soluble vitamins

Fat

The _____- soluble vitamins are not easily excreted by the body, however, the kidney can filter excess ____ -soluble vitamins so they are eliminated in urine

Fat, water

Because the cells cannot obtain the energy they need to perform work when iron levels are low, a major symptom of iron deficiency is ____

Fatigue

_____ is the major storage form of iron that also helps regulate iron absorption.

Ferritin

Which of the food groups provide the highest levels of vitamin C in the body?

Fruits and vegetables

The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of ________ in the United States.

Goiter

As compared to older children, infants and toddlers have ____ needs for iron.

Greater

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

Ground beef

________ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

Hemoglobin

The risk of dehydration in older adults compared to younger adults is

Higher

How do zinc lozenges or gel reduce the severity or duration of colds?

Inhibiting multiplication of the cold virus in the nasal or oral cavity

Chromium may help with the function of which hormone?

Insulin

Accidental consumption of _______ supplements is the leading cause of death due to poisoning in children under the age of 6.

Iron

Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads, and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate ________.

Iron

In the United States, ________ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency.

Iron

Marty has hemochromatosis. Which of the following supplements should he avoid taking?

Iron

Which of the following minerals is the most common mineral deficiency in the United States?

Iron

_____ is a necessary trace mineral for oxygen delivery and immune function.

Iron

Which of the following minerals are trace minerals?

Iron, Manganese, copper

Fluoride is not considered an essential nutrient because

It is not require for growth, it does not sustain life

What is commonly added to certain foods such as salad dressings and ice cream for its emulsifying properties.

Lecithin

What are some good food sources of folate?

Liver, leafy vegetables, asparagus

________ is an important activator of many enzymes that play roles in wound healing, metabolism, bone and cartilage formation and antioxidant function.

Manganese

Which is the main source of heme iron?

Meat

Manganese supports enzymes that assist in

Metabolism, Bone Formation, Wound healing

Which of the following is a cofactor of four enzymes including sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase

Molybdenum

In the body, Vitamin A plays important roles in all of the following EXCEPT

Muscle Contraction

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Niacin

Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

Olive Oil

________ is a condition associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults that is characterized by softening of the bones.

Osteomalacia

When an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons, it has been

Oxidized.

Which of the following foods contains the most potassium per serving and is low in fat and sodium?

Papaya

Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?

Peach

Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?

Potassium

A _____ promotes production of free radicals.

Prooxidant

Which of the following foods contains a protein that decreases the bioavailability of Biotin?

Raw Eggs

One suggestion for preserving vitamin C is to store vitamin C rich foods in the ____.

Refrigerator

Gabe's elderly neighbor told him that when he was growing up, the milkman would deliver glass bottles of milk to his family's doorstep. He wonders why milk is not available in glass bottles anymore. Gabe explains to him that light destroys certain water-soluble vitamins in milk and milk is now stored in opaque containers to protect _______ from destruction.

Riboflavin

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

Salmon

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

Sardines

Inositol may be conditionally essential in

diabetes, certain cancers, multiple sclerosis

Lola doesn't like to cook, so she eats fast food at least three times a week. When she doesn't eat fast food, she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, she prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, her diet is very high in ________.

Sodium

Anencephaly and ____ _____ may occur ud a woman's diet is low in folate.

Spina Bifida

Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, Iron Vitamin B6 Vitamin A (beta-carotene), Vitamin C, Vitamin E Vitamin D Vitamin C

The Standard Nutrients Added to Enriched Foods Stored in Muscle, Supports Immune System Antioxidants AND Aid with Would Healing Rickets, Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis Broccoli, Potatoes, Kiwi, Strawberries, Peppers

What happens when the body has adequate iron stores?

The absorptive cells of the small intestine make ferritin which blocks iron absorption.

Mr. Stockton is a 64-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency room with extreme weakness, poor coordination, back-and-forth eye movements, and mental confusion. He had a CT scan to check for signs of stroke, but his results came back normal. After speaking with his family, his doctor learned that Mr. Stockton has a history of alcohol abuse. Based on this information, the physician should test the patient for a deficiency of _______.

Thiamin

Pork, legumes, enriched grains and Brewer's yeast are all good sources of which vitamin?

Thiamin

What gland uses iodide?

Thyroid gland

ADH helps to conserve water during dehydration.

True

In general, phosphorus from animal foods is more bioavailable than phosphorus from plant foods.

True

Iron is the only mineral added to processed grain products during enrichment.

True

People are likely to develop pellagra when they consume diets that are low in niacin and animal protein.

True

Phosphorus is necessary for the body to synthesize phospholipids and ATP.

True

Taking excessive dietary supplements that contain vitamin E may lead to uncontrolled bleeding.

True

The primary source of chloride in the typical American diet is table or sea salt.

True

The vitamin content of vegetables is determined by growing conditions, including soil and sunlight.

True

True or false: Some radical formation in the body is necessary and provides some benefits.

True

Vitamin A is involved in production of white blood cells.

True

To prevent dental fluorosis children should...

Use a pea-sized amount of toothpaste, rinse with water after brushing teeth, spit out excess fluid.

The term vitamin gets its meaning from_____.

Vita- meaning necessary for life amine- a nitrogen containing substance

Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb ________.

Vitamin B12

Vegans are at risk for a deficiency of this vitamin because it is only found in animal products.

Vitamin B12

Your best friend eats plenty of meats and dairy products but avoids eating fruits and vegetables. She bruises easily, her sores take a long time to heal, and her gums bleed when she brushes her teeth. Based on this information, which of the following vitamins is most likely to be deficient in her diet?

Vitamin C

This fat-soluble vitamin can be synthesized (made) in the GI tract

Vitamin K

Which of the following is the best source of riboflavin?

Yogurt

A young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products, but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread. He is very short for his age; his sexual organs are not fully developed; his intelligence is lower than normal; and he suffers from iron-deficiency anemia. Based on this information, the man probably has a(n) ________ deficiency.

Zinc

The RDA for iron is highest for

a 30 yr old woman

Consuming high amounts of the _____ form of arsenic can cause health problems such as cancer

inorganic

Food sources rich in zinc

beef roast, baked beans, oysters

Richard is a body-builder who consumes a "raw egg shake" every morning that contains one to two dozen raw eggs. Consuming raw egg whites puts Richard at risk for a _______ deficiency.

biotin

Vitamin A plays a critical role in all of the following functions EXCEPT _______.

blood clotting

compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include.

carotenoids, phytochemicals, vitamin C

When considering the role of diet and colon cancer, red meat includes all of the following except

chicken

Paolo's diet contains high amounts of ________, which is classified as a trace mineral.

chromium

When a water-soluble vitamin assists in the chemical reaction involved in the metabolism of the macronutrients, this is known as its _____ function.

coenzyme

Becky's 2-year-old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with this birth defect or related disorders, Becky should ________.

consume green leafy vegetables, drink orange juice, and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant

The prevalence of neural tube defects has ____ by about 30% since enrichment of foods with folic acid began in 1998.

declined

Parathyroid hormone ________.

enhances the body's ability to retain calcium

The body is able to store which group of vitamins?

fat soluble vitamins

Vitamin C is unstable in the presence of

heat, oxygen, copper, light

protein in red blood cells that transport oxygen is called _____

hemoglobin

Iron deficient infants may experience

improper nervous system development, impaired motor function, and delays in mental functions

Adequate folate status is critical early in pregnancy because the ________ ________ forms about 21 days after conception

neural tube

The type of iron found in plant foods is referred to as

nonheme iron

Zane had his blood pressure measured at a health fair. The blood pressure reading was 116/76. This is considered ________.

normal

Vitamin D helps the body absorb ________.

phosphorus and calcium

In the human body, water is involved in ________.

regulating body temperature

Painful cracks at the corners of the mouth and a swollen, red tongue are signs of a deficiency of _______.

riboflavin

oxalic acid

spinach

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome. A few months ago, he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6, when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder. Today, Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady. Based on this information, Sean should ________.

stop taking vitamin B-6, because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity

Gabe is interested in ways to maximize the vitamin content in his fresh fruits and vegetables. All of the following are good practices to ensure maximum vitamin content preservation EXCEPT _______.

storing fresh produce in plastic bags at room temperature

Which of the following are good sources of vitamin C?

strawberries, citrus, and potatos

The water-soluble vitamins include

the B vitamins and vitamin C.

______ minerals perform vital roles in the body although the body only requires consumption of less than 100mg/day.

trace

In chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of macronutrients, water-soluble vitamins are

used as coenzymes

In the United States, newborns receive an injection of ________ to prevent ________.

vitamin K; bleeding

Folate, vitamin B-12 and vitamin C are all examples of ______- soluble vitamins

water

Phytates

whole grains