Neck Anatomy

What is contained within the visceral fascia of the neck?

1. Infrahyoid muscles 2. Pharynx, esophagus, larynx, trachea 3. Thyroid gland and parathyroid gland

What are the contents of the suboccipital triangle?

1. Lesser occipital nerve 2. Accessory nerve 3. Transverse cervical nerve 4. Great auricular nerve 5. Vertebral artery

Label the branches of the cervical plexus.

1. Lesser occipital nerve 2. Great auricular nerve 3. Transverse cervical nerve 4. Supraclavicular nerve

If you get a cancer in the occipital region of the head what lymph nodes would need to be checked?

1. Occipital 2. Postauricular (mastoid) 3. Retropharnygeal

If you get a tongue cancer (face structure) what lymph nodes would need to be checked?

1. Preauricular 2. Submandibular 3. Submental 4. Jugulodigastric

What are the borders of the suboccipital triangle (cervical triangle)?

1. Rectus capitis posterior major 2. Obliquus capitis inferior 3. Obliquus capitis superior

What two main muscles does CN XI innervate?

1. SCM (also recevies some motor from motor branches of cervical plexus) 2. Trapezius

Label the following muscles.

1. Splenius muscle 2. Levator scapulae 3. Posterior scalene 4. Middle scalene 5. Anterior scalene

If you get a cancer in the neck region what lymph nodes would need to be checked?

1. Superficial and deep cervical nodes 2. Deep cervical chain 3. Prelaryngeal, pretracheal, and paratracheal lymph nodes

What two arteries supply the thyroid gland? What are they branches of?

1. Superior thyroid artery: branch of external carotid 2. Inferior thyroid artery: branch of thyrocervical trunk, which itself is a branch of the subclavian artery

Label the following branches of the subclavian artery.

1. Vertebral artery 2. Deep cervical artery 3. Suprascapular artery 4. Thyrocervical trunk 5. Transverse cervical artery 6. Inferior thyroid artery 7. Ascending cervical artery

The SCM bends the neck towards the _____________ side and rotates the neck to the _____________ side. A. contralateral, ipsilateral B. ipsilateral, contralateral C. anterior, posterior D. lateral, medial

B. So if you rotate your head to the right, your left SCM is doing the work.

Above what vetebral level would you find the pharnyx? A. C4 B. C5 C. C6 D. C7

C (C6)

Below what vertebral level would you find the esophagus, larnyx, and trachea? A. C4 B. C5 C. C6 D. C7

C (C6)

What is the name of the fascia that forms the roof of the posterior triangle?

Cervical investing fascia

The phrenic nerve is located ____________ to the anterior scalene? A. Posterior B. Lateral C. Medial D. Anterior

D

True or false: The subclavian vein passes in between the anterior and middle scalene muscles.

False. It passes anterior to the anterior scalene muscle. This actually makes it easier to insert a catheter in the subclavian vein without piercing the subclavian artery.

At what vertebral levels is thyroid gland located at?

From C5-T1.

When is a cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion block indicated?

If you have sympathetic hyperactivity. If the sympathetics are going nuts and causes pain problems you can block the stellate ganglion.

What are the major functions of the thyroid gland?

It regulates energy metabolism by secreting the hormones T4 and T3. A separate function it has is that C cells will secrete calcitonin (anatagonist of parathyroid gland) which helps calcium deposit onto bone. These are stored in follicles and released when the brain releases TSH. This increases in response to things like cold temperatures.

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

SCM , clavicle, trapezius Floor: splenius capitis, levator sapulae and the scalenes (and prevertebral fascia) Roof: Inversting layer of cervical fascia

Identify the thryoid gland on this picture. It is often used as an anatomical landmark when looking at the neck to see what level you are at.

She also said that you could check a patient's thyroid by putting your fingers on the trachea and then asking them to swallow. If it is enlarged you'll be able to feel the borders or a bump or something.

What nerve runs through the occipital triangle?

The accessory nerve (CN XI).

What necks muscles do the brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass between?

The anterior and middle scalene muscles.

What muscle divides the posterior triangle of the neck into two smaller triangles?

The inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle.

What is the laryngeal artery a branch of?

The larygneal artery branches off of the superior thyroid artery. It then pierces the mebrane between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage to supply the larynx.

Cutting which nerve during thyroid surgery could leave a patient with a hoarse voice if cut unilaterally, and cause the inability to speak if cut bilaterally?

The laryngeal nerve.

What are the names of the two triangles found within the posterior triangle?

The occipital and subclavian (supraclavicular) triangles.

What is the source of the vertebral artery?

The subclavian artery.

What innervates the thyroid gland?

The superior and middle cervical ganglion (sympathetic nervous system).

The supraclavicular (subclavian) triangle may contain which artery?

The suprascapular artery.

Where are the parathyroid glands located? How many are there?

These are found on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. There are 2 superior and 2 inferior parathyroid glands.

What is a goiter? What causes it?

This a condition caused by low iodine levels. Without iodine, the thyroid becomes overactive and enlarges. On the right pic there is also a cyst you can see in the thyroid gland.

What is a pyramidal lobe on a thyroid gland?

This is a remnant of the thyroglossal duct that persists. It extends up towards the base of the tongue.

What is the carotid body (carotid glomus)? What is its function? Where it is found? What is its innervation?

This is a structure found bifurcation of the common carotid artery into the internal and external carotid arteries. Its purpose is to is to measure the pH (O2 and CO2 levels) in the blood. It is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9).

What is the carotid sinus? What is its function? Where it is found? What is its innervation?

This is a structure found bifurcation of the common carotid artery into the internal and external carotid arteries. Its purpose is to measure blood pressure. It is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN).

What is carotid sinus hypersensitivity?

This is an exaggerated response to carotid sinus baroreceptor simulation. It results in dizziniess or syncope. On this picture she also pointed out that CN X has motor branches (internal and external branches of the laryngeal nerve) but that the superior cervical cardiac branch from CN X is sensory.

What is the function of the parathyroid glands?

To regulate the levels of calcium in the body.

True or false: CN XI meets up with CN X to innervate the larnyx.

True.