Needed are Hard & How to Overcome Them

moderate levels, mid cycle

how can conflict be good? (2 qualities)

high stakes, interdependent, creative

how can task conflict be good? (three qualities)

Inclusion

proactively including others - basic human need people experience - majority giving voice to people who are seldom heard - requires a balance between belonging and uniqueness - all people are valued and respected

Conflict

struggle between two or more individuals over perceived differences

Out group members

term that refers to those individuals in a group or an organization who do not identify themselves as part of the larger group - cant relate to social, goal, political, ethnical of majority -self excluded but not all the time

Ethnocentrism

Barrier to DI - the attitude that one's own group, ethnicity, or nationality is superior to others - perceptual window - prevents understanding or respect of those different from ourselves

Unconscious Bias

Barrier to DI, - malleable and can be changed - interventions introducing discrimination can be effective

privilege

Barrier to DI, - a special right, advantage granted or available only to a particular person or group. - blinds individual to the experience of the underpriviledge

Prejudice

Barrier to DI, - preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience - achieves balance for the in-group at the expense of out-group - results in systemic discrimination

Stereotypes

Barrier to DI, , - idely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing - labeling - reduce uncertainty by providing partial info about others - impact on leaders treatment of followers

Exclusion, Assimilation, Differentiation, Inclusion

DI Framework

Differentiation

DI Framework term, individual is not treated as an organizational insider in the work group but their unique characteristics are seen as valuable and required for success

Assimilation

DI Framework that has high belongingness and low uniqueness

Inclusion

DI Framework, high belongingness and high value uniqueness

Exclusion

DI framework term, individual is not treated as an organizational insider with unique value in the work group, but there are other employees or groups who are insiders - they dont even feel different because they are not included

Inclusion

DI framework term, individual is treated as an insider and also allowed/encouraged to retain uniqueness within work group

Assimilation

DI framework term, individual is treated as an insider in the work group when they conform to organizational / dominant culture norms and downplays uniqueness - colorblind

Differentiation

Di Framework with high value uniqueness and low belongingness

trust, psych safety climate, openness norms

How can team conflict be good? (three qualities)

prevent groupthink

How do out-groups contribute?

- recognize unique contributions - help feel included - listen - be empathetic - give them a voice - create a special relationship with them

How do we address out-group members? 6 ways

separate the people from problem focus on interests invent options for mutual gains insist on using objective criteria fractionation face saving

List the 6 ways to manage conflict

exclusion

Low value in uniqueness and low belonging (LEFT UPPER QUADRANT)

focus on interests, not positions

Managing conflict example, When in conflict, breaking down what really matters

insist on using objective criteria

Managing conflict example, based on principle not pressure

face saving

Managing conflict example, conflict will be less threatening if you communicate in a way that preserves the self image of the other person

invent options for mutual gains

Managing conflict example, creative solutions that are beneficial to all parties. overcome the fixed pie bias

separate the people from the problem

Managing conflict example, paying attention to relationships and only attack the problem (Do task conflict, avoid relationship conflict)

fractionation

Managing conflict example, together, break down the conflict into smaller more manageable pieces (but go back and make sure they are consistent)

Ethnocentrism, prejudice, unconscious bias, stereotypes, privilege

What are diversion and inclusion barriers? (list 5 types)

minority, under appreciated self exclude themselves and contribute to the exclusion DI framework because your qualities become not unique cause you don't express them

What are forms of out-groups and how do they act?

Diversity

amount of difference among members of a group or an organization different ways to examine - mixtures of race, gender, religion, etc - collective differences among members within a unit - multiple groups of individuals with different identities

- diversity is about being invited to the party (focuses on recognizing differences) - inclusion is being asked to dance asked to dance (focuses on embracing differences)

difference between of diversity and inclusion

relationship conflict

disagreement over how two parties are affiliated - issues of esteem, control, affiliation, personality, political views - rarely overt but often ignored - always good

task conflict

disagreement over task aspects - policies, procedures, way to reach goals, ideas, decisions - can be good, prevents group think, stimulates innovation