NERC 101
All relays have a target or flag as a visual indicator of the device is activated. What other valuable information to relay targets provide? Select all that apply a. coordination of time delay relay b. after the fact fault analysis c. detection of an abnormal condition. triggering it to activate d. information that may determine what caused the problem
b, c, & d
If you are one foot away from a voltage horse, and move 5 feet away, how much weaker is the electrical field around that source? a. 20 times b. 25 times c. five times d. 10 times
b. 25 times
What our system operating limits (SOL)? a. A SOL is the controlled separation or cascading of outages? b. A SOL satisfies the most limiting of the prescribed operating criteria for a specified system configuration to ensure reliability c. A SOL is an established rating of all transmission system components
b. A SOL satisfies the most limiting of the prescribed operating criteria for a specified system configuration to ensure reliability
When a time error correction has been issued, the part of ACE equation that will be changed or offset by 02 HZ is_________? a. B b. Fs c. Fa d. NIA
b. Fs
___________ is the device with moving blades that extracts energy from a flowing substance (air, water, or steam) pushing against its blades and converts it to electrical energy by turning a generator. a. an armature winding b. a turbine c. and exciter d. a field winding
b. a. turbine
As system operators attempted to prevent a massive outage just before the 1977 New York City blackout, they considered using jet driven auxiliary turbines to generate additional power. Why were they unable to use these turbines? a. the system operators phone lines had been disconnected b. operators for these turbines had gone home for the evening c. the turbines were out of service for their annual maintenance d. the turbines would not provide sufficient power for an outage of this size
b. operators for these turbines had gone home for the evening
NERC develops and implements reliability standards and accordance with FERC approved procedures. However, NERC does not enforce these reliability standards. Who is responsible for enforcing these procedures and standards? a. electric reliability organization ERO b. regional entities RE c. bulk electric system BES
b. regional entities RE
SOL and IROL ratings are dependent on there_______ under various contingencies a. reliability b. stability c. connectivity d. instability
b. stability
If the frequency bias setting is less negative than the frequency response of a balancing authority and the frequency decline is caused by a sudden loss of generation in the balancing area, what will be the result? a. the ACE will be a negative value and AGC will increase generation b. the ACE will be a positive value and AGC will decrease generation c. this will not affect the ACE d. the ACE will be zero and will take no AGC action
b. the ACE will be a positive value and AGC will decrease generation
What factor encouraged utility companies to begin partnerships? a. they want it to remain regional or local b. they want it to become more efficient and reduce cost c. they want it to avoid regulations and encourage competition d. they want it to encourage competition while reaching more consumers within the same area
b. they want it to become more efficient and reduce cost
Why is it necessary for responsible entities within the NERC functional model to work together like players on a team? a. to manufacture economical energy and increase distribution b. to ensure the continued and reliable operation of the BES c. to increase demand for electricity d. to prevent further regulations levied on the BES
b. to ensure the continued and reliable operation of the BES
What is a key component of power transmission and delivery that steps voltages up and down a. substation b. transformer c. generator d. distribution line
b. transformer
A substation nominal bus voltage is 345 KV. The p.u. value is 1.04. What is the actual bus voltage? a. 358.8 KV b. 350.4 KV c. 348.7 KV d. 354.4 KV
a. 358.8 KV
One reason we have AC system, stems from the following a. AC is a result of rotating the magnetic field b. AC transmits better through high voltage lines c. DC cannot carry high current d. it is easier to interrupt AC than DC
a. AC is a result of rotating the magnetic field
you have one ohm resistance when one bolt of potential difference causes which of the following to flow? a. Amp b. current c. coulomb d. voltage
a. Amp
Who developed a system to distribute electric power in the AC format? a. George Westinghouse b. Christopher Columbus c. general electric d. Thomas Edison
a. George Westinghouse
the working value of voltage in an AC circuit is 70.7% of the peak value because? a. RMS averages the whole sine wave b. Current is always changing c. voltage is constantly changing
a. RMS averages the whole sine wave
How often must inadverted interchange be calculated and recorded? a. hourly b. monthly c. weekly d. twice daily
a. hourly
How often must introverted interchange be calculated and recorded? a. hourly b. twice daily c. weekly d. monthly
a. hourly
Balancing Authority A is currently reading a system frequency of 59.95 hz. It's net actual interchange is +100 MW and it's net scheduled interchange is +200 MW. Balancing Authority A's frequency by a setting is 100 MW/0.1 Hz, balancing authority A's AGC is pulsing its generators to do what? a. increase MW output b. decrease MW output c. increase excitation on the field. windings d. stay at current MW output level
a. increase MW output
In your interconnection, a generator tripped that was large enough to reduce the frequency from 60.000 Hz to 59.940 HZ. Your balancing authority frequency setting is 200 MW/0.1 Hz. How many MW would your system initially contribute to frequency support? a. 200 MW b. 100 MW c. 120 MW d. 80 MW
c. 120 MW
If you are 20 ft away from a voltage source, and move 5 ft away, how much stronger is the electrical field around the source? a. 12 times b. 5 times c. 16 times d. 20 times
c. 16 times
heating loss is calculated in watts using ohm's law as p = i²* r. If R=100 ohm's and I=25 amps, what does P equal? a. 6,250 Watts b. 5000 Watts c. 62,500 Watts d. 50,000 Watts
c. 62,500 Watts
System frequency is on schedule at 60 HZ and system load is at 10,000 megawatts. A major disturbance drops system frequency down to 59.400HZ. If no other factors change, what would the system load be at 59.400Hz? a. 10,000 MW b. 9000 MW c. 9800 MW d. 10200 MW
c. 9800 MW
What organization was founded to plan the linking of all the interconnections in North America during the 1960s? a. ISG- interconnected systems group b. FERC- federal energy regulatory commission c. ICC- interconnection coordination committee d. NERC- North American Energy reliability corporation
c. ICC- interconnection coordination committee
The federal government launched both legislative and regulatory initiatives to promote industry competition by allowing many new entities into the electric marketplace. What was one of those initiatives? a. FERC 999 b. The Bi-partisan Provision (TBP) 1991 c. The Energy Policy Act ( EPACT), 1992
c. The Energy Policy Act (EPACT) 1992
Power=________*_________. a. Watts x Voltage b. Watts x Current c. Voltage x Current
c. Voltage x Current
Why was it necessary to create the functional model? a. because the NERC operating policies were too vague, and no entities followed them b. because FERC could no longer control the BES c. because NERC operating policies centered on control area operations and began to lose their focus, making them more difficult to apply and enforce d. because FERC, along with NERC could no longer monitor or control the BES
c. because NERC operating policies centered on control area operations and began to lose their focus, making them more difficult to apply and enforce
which of the following is not a series circuit rule? a. resistance adds up b. current interruption stops everything c. current flow varies everywhere d. some of voltage drop equal source voltage
c. current flow varies everywhere
The fundamental law of electricity is which of the following: a. electrical force is 10 to the 420 power times stronger than gravity b. particles in atoms have positive and negative charges c. unlike charges, repel and like charges attract d. like charges repel and unlike charges attract
d. like charges repel and unlike charges attract
A 500 MW generation trips in a balancing authority external to your balancing authority area. Which of the following responses would you expect to see in your area? a. reduced net actual interchange b. frequency above 60 HZ c. reduced net generation on your system d. net actual interchange would be greater than scheduled interchange
d. net actual interchange would be greater than scheduled interchange
What is the primary purpose of disconnect switches? a. rarely used to interrupt current and isolate energized equipment b. used only during maintenance c. primarily used to replace system components during abnormal conditions d. normally operated under no load and provide a visual break in the circuit
d. normally operated under no load and provide a visual break in the circuit
what do we call a device that uses pressure to create electrical potential? a. squeezamatron b. pressure electrical c. turboencabulator d. piezoelectric
d. piezoelectric
A synchronous motor does the following? a. uses constant power b. needs no external power source c. has a flat torque curve d. runs at constant speed
d. runs at constant speed
Kirchhoff's Current Law says which of the following? a. source voltage plus current flow is always zero b. All circuits have positive and negative. currents c. current measurements around a circuit add up to zero d. the algebraic sum of current into any junction is zero
d. the algebraic sum of all current into any junction is zero
Several changes were implemented to ensure the events that caused the 1977 New York City blackout did not happen again. These changes included select all that apply a. using a computer system to plot contingency plans during power loss from a plant b. starting jet driven turbines remotely c. increasing local energy production when a storm approaches
All answers are correct
What are the primary features of a circuit switcher in circuit breaker? Select all that apply a. circuit breakers are capable of high speed closing b. circuit breakers can quickly interrupt power c. circuit switchers are not capable of high-speed closing d. circuit switchers generally have a slower interrupting capability
All answers are correct
list the ways to counter the effects of inductance and capacitance a. generator reactive capacity b. SVC's c. shunt and series capacitors d. reactors e. synchronous condensers
All answers are correct
What does a power circuit breaker do? Select all that apply a. interrupt the flow of current under abnormal system conditions b. provide a visual break in a circuit and are used for lockout tag out c. interrupt the flow of current under normal conditions
a & c
excess capacitance can be countered by a. adding reactors b. shedding load c. raising voltage d. adding SVCs
a & d
What is demand side management? a. to manage load growth and achieve economic stability b. to help consumers reduce their energy demand c. to delay cost from the construction of additional generation, transmission, and distribution facilities d. to deny the consumption of energy by wasteful consumers
a, b, & c
Which of the items of below are causes of voltage instability select all that apply a. high voltage due to light loading on the power system at night b. loss of a reactive power that controls and maintains steady voltages in the system c. long transmission lines carrying high voltage during periods of light system load d. a transformer, outage or fault?
a, b, & c
Which statements below are true? a. If a transmission line is already heavily loaded, then even a modest increase in load can create a large increase in MVars required at the line terminals b. at high load, it is likely the next disturbance or a small load rise can quickly exhaust reactive sources and voltage will fall rapidly c. a contingency is not needed to initiate voltage collapse d. local voltage drops due to increased var supply from the generating unit
a, b, & c
A solenoid might be used to do what? a. operative valve b. trip a circuit breaker c. measure temperature d. open a switch
a, b, & d
SCADA is a powerful tool. How can it assist the energy control center operator? select all that apply a. gives control to communicate data and monitor and dispatch generation b. allows monitoring of the interconnection c. allows anticipation of unscheduled outages d. provides awareness of generation and outage situations
a, b, & d
Which of the Adams below are isolating devices? select all that apply a. fuses b. circuit breakers c. transformers d. circuit switchers
a, b, & d
Which three main function categories are defined by the NERC functional model? select all that apply a. planning and operation b. exploration and development c. reliability service d. standards and compliance
a, c, & d
most breakers use electromagnetic energy for some part of their operating cycle. functions that may use that energy include the following a. air compression b. classic operation c. spring charging d. arc quenching
a, c, & d
which of the following are reasons that a generator is usually connected in a wye? a. minimizes circulating currents b. uses less wire c. more sensitive protection d. less sensitive to grounds e. lower voltage and windings versus line to line
a, c, & e
What are the three basic components of an AC generator? a. rotor b. capacitor c. exciter d. stator
a, d, & e
which of the following components make up a working circuit? Select all that apply a. conductor b. switch c. load d. insulation e. current f. source
a,b,c,d,&f
In a wye-three phase connection, phase to phase voltage is which of the following? a. 1.732 times the phase voltage b. equal to phase voltage c. lower than phase voltage d. three times the square root of phase angle
a. 1.732* the phase voltage
A 1500 MVA transformer has been derated 15% do to a cooling system failure. What is the new MVA rating? a. 1275 MVA b. 1485 MVA c. 750 MVA d. 1000 MVA
a. 1275 MVA
according to ohm's law, if a circuit has a 12 volt source and a 6 ohm resistor, how many amps are flowing? a. 2 b. 1 c. 4 d. 6
a. 2
Why was the North American electric reliability corporation (NERC) founded ? a. The federal government requested the US federal power commission determine the cause of the 1965 blackout and recommend ways to prevent its reoccurrence b. The federal government requested the US department of Energy determine the cause of the 1965 blackout and recommended ways to prevent its reoccurrence c. a consortium of utility companies combined their efforts to provide affordable, efficient and reliable electricity to the masses
a. The federal government requested the US federal power commission determine the cause of the 1965 blackout and recommend ways to prevent its reoccurrence
Are all organizations officially registered as entities, such as balancing authorities, transmission operators, generating operators, and reliability coordinators, subject to the compliance process? a. Yes b. no c. depends on location d. depends on enforced guidelines
a. Yes
Geomagnetic storms were determined to be the cause of the Quebec blackout of 1989. Geomagnetic storms are defined as a. a solar wind shock wave that strikes the magnetic field surrounding Earth's atmosphere b. the geomagnetic forces that fluctuate due to high meteorite activity close to Earth c. the intensity of solar flares that counteract the Earth's gravitational force d. an electric storm that causes a disruption in a region's geomagnetic forces
a. a solar wind shock wave that strikes the magnetic fields surrounding Earth's atmosphere
Each BA must fulfill its commitment to the interconnection and not________ the other BAs in the interconnection with inappropriate MW flows. a. burden b. trade with c. communicate with d. own joint units
a. burden
ohm's law states which of the following? a. current in a circuit is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance b. current in a circuit is inversely proportional to voltage and directly proportional to resistance c. voltage in a circuit is directly proportional to current and inversely proportional to resistance d. resistance in a circuit is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to current
a. current in a circuit is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance
Which of the following was not a recommendation of the US federal power commissions report following the 1965 blackout? a. develop a system to alert utilities when unidentified flying objects. UFOs approach, power plants and substations b. develop a system of controls in the electric power grid c. establish the formation of the national electric reliability council or NERC d. Ensure all emergency services have emergency backup lighting systems
a. develop a system to alert utilities when unidentified flying objects. UFOs approach, power plants and substations
current in a circuit is often characterized as which of the following? a. electrical flow b. electrical resistance c. electrical energy d. electrical pressure
a. electrical flow
What was the intent of the energy policy act EPACT of 1992? a. encourage competition within the electric industry b. increase market share within the electric industry c. discourage competition within the electric industry d. regulate the electric industry
a. encourage competition within the electric industry
In the ACE equation, (NIa-NIs) reflects the____________ portion. a. interchange b. load c. frequency d. generation
a. interchange
which of the following best describes generation excitation? a. it creates the magnetic field of a generator rotor b. it determines the generator's speed of rotation c. it is used to start the generator d. it changes the real power output of a generator
a. it creates the magnetic field of the generator rotor
What does a surge arrestor do? a. limit over voltage that may occur across transformers and other electrical equipment due to lightning strikes or switching surges b. increase voltages that may occur across transformers and other electrical equipment due to lightning strikes or switching surges c. limit the amount of MW flows through a transmission line due to lightning strikes or switching surges
a. limit over voltages that may occur across transformers and other electrical equipment due to lightning strikes or switching surges
metals are good conductors because they have which of the following? a. one or two electrons in the outer shell b. not enough protons in the nucleus to hold on to the electrons c. more electrons than protons d. a week atomic shell structure
a. one or two electrons in the outer shell
A type of hydroelectric generation were little or no water storage is provided is______. a. run of the river (ROR) b. pumped storage! c. boiler control d. Kaplan head
a. run of the river (ROR)
What is the substations purpose? a. substations transform voltage by increasing or decreasing voltage b. substations generate electrical current for customers c. substations creates watts and current along transmission lines
a. substations transform voltage by increasing or decreasing voltage
Why do geomagnetic storms sometimes affect electricity transmission? a. these storms option produce geomagnetic currents, which can disrupt electricity transmission over power lines b. the storms affect the polarity of transmission lines, causing electricity to flow in the opposite direction c. these storms often produce geomagnetic currents, which can negatively affect the inductance of transmission lines d. these storms often produce. geomagnetic currents which can negatively affect the impedance of transmission lines
a. the storms often produce. geomagnetic currents, which can disrupt electricity transmission over power lines
Although the 2003 blackout originated in the Northeast Ohio, it eventually impacted several Eastern states as parts of Ontario, Canada a. true b. false
a. true
In 1967, the US federal power commissions published a report recommending the establishment of A council on power coordination made up of representatives from each of the nations regional coordination organizations to exchange and disseminate information on regional coordinating practices to all of the regional organizations, and to review, discuss and assist and resolving matters affecting inter-regional coordination a. true b. false
a. true
Protective relays, expulsion fuses and surge arresters operate when there is an overcurrent or an over voltage a. true b. false
a. true
The static VAR compensator (SVC) is a combination of capacitors and reactors a. true b. false
a. true
Time error can be attributed to the magnitude and the duration of the load and generation and balances of the balancing authorities and the interconnection a. true b. false
a. true
Unlike previous blackouts, the events causing the 1989 Quebec blackout took place within a matter of seconds a. true b. false
a. true
When a transmission line trips or shuts down, the loading on adjacent lines increases instantaneously as all power that would be carried by the trip transmission line diverts to operational lines a. true b. false
a. true
When electricity is generated, there must be an equal amount of demand for electricity on the system, ie load and generation must balance a. true b. false
a. true
The New York City blackout of 1977 was caused by several factors, which resulted in a massive power outage of the city. Which of the following was not a factor in the blackout? a. lightning strikes at the buckhannon South substation b. extremely high demand due to increase use of air conditioners on a hot, summer day c. an inability to start jet driven auxiliary generators d. Indian point power plant tripping off
b. extremely high demand due to increased use of air conditioners on a hot summer day
as an object gets larger, what happens to the ratio of its surface area to volume? a. gets larger b. get smaller c. stays the same
b. get smaller
which of the following increases the inductance of an AC electric system? a. the constantly changing polarity of the three phase AC circuit b. heavily loaded lines and wire coils c. placing lines and service at one end (Open ended) d. the use of bundled conductors
b. heavily loaded lines and wire coils
which of the following is a use of a hinged armature relay? a. to measure temperature of a motor armature b. in the closing circuit of a gas circuit breaker c. as an impedance relay d. for timed over current protection
b. in the closing circuit of a gas circuit breaker
Kirkland Creek hydro unit 1 gsf is 12% on the federal ridge Flow gate. If Kirkland Creek hydro unit 1 increases from 75 MW to 100mW, what is the impact on the federal ridge flow gate? a. decreases 12. MW b. increases 3 MW c. increases 6 MW d. increases 12. MW
b. increases 3 MW
which list has the correct ways used to create electrical potential? a. sound, friction, magnetism, heat, chemical action and pressure b. light, friction, magnetism, heat, chemical action and pressure c. light, friction, magnetism, vibration, chemical action and pressure d. light, friction, waves, heat, chemical action and pressure
b. light, friction, magnetism, heat, chemical action and pressure
What does it mean to make a system? N-1 secure? a. making a system N-1 secure means a credible contingency has occurred and the operators must now mitigate b. making a system N-1 secure means it is operated with the additional capacity necessary so the equipment has the ability to adequately handle possible events or contingencies c. making a system N-1 secure means the system is in a state of negation, not available due to equipment taken offline
b. making a system N-1 secure means it's operated with the additional capacity necessary so the equipment has the ability to adequately handle possible events or contingencies
voltage in a circuit is often characterized as which of the following? a. electrical flow b. electrical energy c. electrical pressure d. electrical resistance
c. electrical pressure
A balancing authority should set its frequency bias to match its____________. a. load characteristics b. scheduled interchange c. frequency response d. based loaded units response
c. frequency response
The phenomenon where a generator spins a magnetic field and a coil of wire and produces a voltage in that coil of wire is called_______. a. torque b. electromotive force c. induction d. magnetic flux
c. induction
If transmission lines are heavily loaded, the moving magnetic field around them is generating what type of opposing current flow? a. magnetism b. protection c. inductive reactants d. capacitance reactants
c. inductive reactants
the ferranti effect is most likely to occur when? a. It's a hot day and air conditioners are running b. new load is connected to the transmission system c. lines are lightly loaded d. switching is done on heavy loaded lines
c. lines are lightly loaded
Who is responsible for investigating all routine and major disturbances in the BES that do not cross regional boundaries? a. reliability coordinators b. FERC c. Regional entities d. NERC
c. regional entities
The power system evolved out of the need for a_______44 electric power grid that could meet the growing________and_________ of our appetite for electricity. a. reliable; voltage; current b. oscillating; demand, losses c. reliable; demand; fluctuations d. underground; demand; fluctuations
c. reliable; demand; fluctuations
Which of the following best defines the term system operating limit SOL? a. the value derived from, or a subset of, the SOL, which, if exceeded, could expose a widespread area to the BES to instability, uncontrolled separation, or cascading b. the electrical generation resources, transmission line, interconnections with neighboring systems, and associated equipment, generally operated at voltages of 100 KV or higher, necessary to bring power to customers c. the value that satisfies the most limiting of the prescribed operating criteria for a specified system configuration to ensure operation within acceptable reliability criteria
c. the value that satisfies the most limiting of the prescribed operating criteria for a specified system. figuration to ensure operation within acceptable reliability criteria
A balancing authorities inadvertent accumulation reflects over generation during on peak hours. When system load is decreasing, what actions could a balancing authority system operator take to limit additional on peak inadvertent accumulation? 1. decrease transaction into their system 2. increase scheduled transaction into their system 3. decrease generation 4. increase generation a. 1 and 4 b. 2 and 4 c. 2 and 3 d. 1 and 3
d. 1 and 3
The change in demand supply balance following a sudden loss of load or generation failure, results in a sudden change in balancing authorities___________. a. voltage b. L10 c. incomed d. ACE
d. ACE
During outages or other fault conditions, electricity may become unreliable and expose equipment to potential harm. What equipment is used to ensure protective relays and circuit breakers have a reliable source of energy to operate in an emergency? a. resistors b. capacitors c. transformers d. batteries
d. batteries
The balancing authority selling power to an end user. enter the wrong schedule for the upcoming hour. Which part of ACE equation will cause inadvertent interchange to occur as the result of the incorrect schedule? a. only the frequency portion -10B (Fa-Fs) well contribute b. only the generation units that trip offline unexpectedly contribute to inadvertent interchange c. only the generation portion (NIa- NIs) will contribute d. both the interchange portion and the frequency portion of ACE equation will contribute
d. both the interchange portion and the frequency portion of the ACE equation will contribute
inductance is the property of an AC circuit that opposes a change in which of the following? a. resistance b. voltage c. impedance d. current
d. current
In a wye-three phase connection, individual phase voltage and line to ground voltage are which of the following? a. 1.732 times of the values b. separated by √3 c. different d. equal
d. equal
What replaced the federal power commission in 1977? a. department of Energy DOE b. national electrical regulatory commission NERC c. North American regulatory corporation d. federal energy regulatory commission FERC
d. federal energy regulatory commission FERC
In the ACE equation, B is used to convert what value to megawatts? a. dynamic schedules b. MegaVars c. inductive reactants Xl d. frequency error (Hz)
d. frequency error (Hz)
which of the following is the main source of both real and reactive power in the power system? a. transformers b. conductors c. circuit breakers d. generation
d. generation
The frequency schedule (Fs) for the interconnection is 60.000 HZ. The balancing authority operator notices that actual frequency has been running 60.035 to 60.045 for 30 minutes. This indicates to the balancing authority operator that there ____________. a. are voltage schedules that are too high? b. is a large generator that has tripped offline c. is a high voltage transmission line that has been placed in service d. is more generation then load in the interconnection
d. is more generation than load in the interconnection?
capacitance is the property of an AC circuit that opposes a change in which of the following? a. impedance b. current c. resistance d. voltage
d. voltage
identify voltage and current behaviors. describe by Kirchhoff's law a. all circuits have positive and negative voltage b. the algebraic sum of currents is always zero c. source voltage plus current flow is always zero d. voltage measurements around a circuit. add up to zero
d. voltage measurements around a circuit. add up to zero