Nervous System
________ reflexes include the secretion of saliva, changes in the size of our pupils, and digestion involve the activities of smooth muscles.
Autonomic
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the ________.
autonomic nervous system
The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the ________.
axon
The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the ________.
axon
The term central nervous system refers to the ________.
brain and spinal cord
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________.
brain stem
The nervous system is structurally subdivided into two systems: ________ nervous system and ________ nervous system.
central; peripheral
Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the ________.
cerebellum
The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________.
corpus callosum
The neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called ________.
dendrites
Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges?
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
The fissure in the brain that separates the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________.
longitudinal fissure
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________.
medulla oblongata
The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called ________.
meninges
Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ________.
neuroglia
The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called ________.
nodes of Ranvier
Cranial nerve III is known as the ________ nerve.
oculomotor
The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division.
parasympathetic
The primary somatic sensory cortex is located in the ________ lobe of the cerebrum.
parietal
The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater.
pia
The hypothalamus regulates the ________.
pituitary gland
During the resting state, a neuron is ________.
polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell
Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid ________.
potassium
Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?
receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell ________.
sodium
During repolarization, ________ ions are pumped out of the cell.
sodium
The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ________.
synaptic cleft
How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the surface of the brain?
twelve
correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence of events of a nerve impulse? 1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell
2, 1, 4, 3
________ connect sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways and their cell bodies are typically located in the central nervous system.
Interneurons (association neurons)
________ cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS.
Schwann
The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called ________.
a neurotransmitter