NES Elementary 1

How large is the typical child's vocabulary at 36 months of age? 700 words. 350 words. 1500 words. 150 words.

700 words. The typical child has a vocabulary of around 700 words by the age of 36 months. This is a major increase from the 350 words typical of children at 30 months.

The students in your advanced social studies class are studying the great thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment. You want to devise a class project which will help them understand how the world was changed by this movement. Which culminating project would be the most likely to accomplish this objective? Asking students to read biographies of the philosophers associated with this movement Breaking the class into groups and asking each to design a poster illustrating the major ideas of an individual philosopher A debate in which students argue the ideas of the various philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment A debate in which the students argue the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment with thinkers of the Reformation

A debate in which the students argue the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment with thinkers of the Reformation During the Enlightenment, the philosophical viewpoint moved from belief based on faith to belief based on reason. Thinkers such as Benedict de Spinoza, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau lead the world to a new, more secular, world view. A debate with thinkers of the Reformation, such as John Calvin and Martin Luther, would help the students understand how philosophies can change society.

Which of the following is not true of fluency? **Students who struggle with fluency also struggle with comprehension. ** Slow decoding interferes with automaticity which impairs reading comprehension. ** A high number of words read correctly per minute has no correlation to word processing, vocabulary development, or meaningful comprehension. ** Students who have difficulty with fluency in the early grades continue to be slow readers into adolescence and adulthood.

A high number of words read correctly per minute indicates efficient word-level processing, vocabulary development, or meaningful comprehension. Low fluency rate indicates inefficient word recognition skills, poor vocabulary development, and poor comprehension. Fluency includes accuracy, rate, automaticity and prosody.

There are two major ways of interpreting test scores. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Criterion-Referenced assessment? A pre-established benchmark Grade equivalents Percentile rank Scale scores

A pre-establised benchmark

Directions: In the sentence below, select the best choice for the underlined portion. Until it rained the streets were filled with mud puddles. Until it rained the streets were filled with mud puddles After it rained the streets were filled with mud puddles. Before it rained the streets were filled with mud puddles. Although it rained the streets were filled with mud puddles.

After it rained the streets were filled with mud puddles.

Directions: In the sentence below, select the best choice for the underlined portion. Although the game there will be an awards ceremony to retire the jersey of a Hall of Fame player. Although the game there will be an awards ceremony to retire the jersey of a Hall of Fame player. After the game there is an awards ceremony to retiring the jersey of a Hall of Fame player. However the game there will be an awards ceremony to retire the jersey of a Hall of Fame player. After the game there will be an awards ceremony to retire the jersey of a Hall of Fame player.

After the game there will be an awards ceremony to retire the jersey of a Hall of Fame player. The awards ceremony is after the game. The purpose is to give an award and retire a player's jersey. The subordinating conjunction "after" properly tells when the ceremony will take place.

Colorectal cancer is the number-two cancer killer in the U.S. Unfortunately, few people realize that there are a number of simple screening tests that can make colorectal cancer one of the most preventable cancers. The development of more than 75-90 percent of colorectal cancer can be avoided through early detection and removal of these pre-cancerous polyps. Colorectal cancer is most common after age 50, but it can strike at younger ages. The chance of colon cancer increases with age. It's suggested that screenings begin at age 50 for men and women at average risk for colorectal cancer. You should begin colorectal cancer screening as early as age 45. African-Americans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer at a younger average age than whites, and African-Americans with colorectal cancer have a decreased survival rate compared with whites. Colonoscopy is considered the best test for colorectal cancer screening and p

Before line 7

Teaching students about how special skills and training might be required for various occupations reflects content housed within which of the following social studies topic areas? Law education Career education Multicultural education and gender issues Moral education

Career education Teaching students about how special skills and training might be required for various occupations reflects content housed within the social studies topic area of career education. Career education in the lower grades focuses on the work world and teaches children about diverse occupations and career choices.

Maria, a student in your third grade class, is struggling in her reading and content area subjects. You want to know which aspects of reading are giving her difficulty. Which type of assessment could you administer? Norm-referenced test Screening test Diagnostic test Formal test

Diagnostic test A diagnostic test will provide detailed information which will be useful in planning individual instruction. It is designed to tell whether a student has mastered individual skills. Formal, screening or norm-referenced tests are group tests and might not give you the information you need

A language variation that occurs in a region or among a group of people, which differs in some way from the standard language in pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary is known as which of the following? Accent. Dialect. Pidgin. Creole.

Dialect A dialect is a language that is a variation on the standard language of a group or area. Dialects may differ from the standard language in pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary. It is important to note that these do not constitute incorrect speech but simply a variation.

Which of the following is NOT true about social studies "units"? --Social studies lessons are organized in segments known as units. --Social studies units might be as long as a semester or as short as a week. -- Social studies units are organized according to an overall theme. --Each social studies theme should conform to the ideas of the teacher.

Each social studies theme should conform to the ideas of the teacher. Social studies lessons are organized in segments known as units. These units might be as long as a semester or as short as a week and are organized according to an overall theme. Each social studies theme should conform to the standards of state and district guidelines, not the ideas or opinions of the teacher. Organizing themes according to state standards helps ensure that all children learn the same content.

Which of the following is an incorrect match? Charlemagne : The Holy Roman Empire Clovis I : The Frankish Kingdom King John : The Magna Carta Gregory I : The Holy Roman Empire

Gregory I : The Holy Roman Empire

Since the 1920s, most social studies programs in the elementary schools have followed the "expanding horizon approach." Which of the following would be the correct progression according to this approach? --World, country, state, town, community --Home, community, state, country --Regions of the world, history of the world, geography of the world --Community, civics, home, history

Home, community, state, country The progression is from that which is most familiar, home, family, school, to the least familiar, world geography, history, and cultures, is the pattern followed in the "expanding horizon approach" in social studies. Local and state standards also influence the scope and sequence of the curriculum

Which of the following is BEST defined by the proper ordering and distribution of things and persons within a society? Authority. Legitimacy. Justice. Liberty.

Justice. Justice refers to the distribution of things and position of people within society.

Lee Woodruff, journalist and co-founder of the Bob Woodruff Foundation ReMIND, learned first-hand about the toll that pain can take on a family when her husband was critically injured in Iraq while working as a broadcast news correspondent. She also learned about the importance of taking an active role in her husband's care and speaking up. "It's important to remember that you can be your best advocate when it comes to pain care. Learning as much as you can about your pain, and asking for help is a great way to start your advocacy journey. This isn't a time to be shy," said Mrs. Woodruff. The percentage of Americans reporting chronic pain is on the rise. New data from the National Center for Health Statistics recently show that 28 percent of Americans experience low-back pain, an estimate that has increased steadily over the past decade.2 According to pain specialist Donna Kalauokalani, MD, MPH, pain affects our liv

Line 42 Point of view or "person" refers to the distinction among the person speaking (first person), the person spoken to (second person), and the subject spoken about (third person). Shifts in person should not occur within a sentence. In this line, the third person narrative shifts into direct dialogue going from factual information to directly addressing the reader.

Mrs. Kane is doing a guided reading with her confident reading group. They are reading about climate and how landforms can affect the climate in a particular region. As they work together, Mrs. Kane stops to ask the students to tell her how a land form might affect the weather, for example, how a mountain range might affect rainfall in a region. She records their ideas on a chart before they read the applicable section of the selection. Which prior knowledge technique is she employing with her group? Brainstorming Making predictions Questioning Making meaning

Making predictions

What are the individual sounds in spoken language called? Syllables Phonemes Blends Segments

Phonemes Phonemes are the separate, small sounds of spoken language. When a child begins to connect the smaller sounds that words are made up with to the words as spoken, he is developing phonemic awareness. This is usually done very early in learning to read.

Adults will often add to a child's utterances by expanding or elaborating on them. This is known as _______________. Telegraphic speech. Verbal mediation. Overregularization. Scaffolding.

Scaffolding As children learn languages, parents and other adults may expand or elaborate on their utterances. These expansions are known as scaffolding, and play an important role in modeling language for children.

The National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), an organization of social studies teachers, has developed teaching standards to help teachers teach social studies. These standards include all but which of the following? To serve as a framework for graduate level social studies programs. To serve as a framework for K-12 social studies programs To serve as a guide for social studies curriculum decisions To provide relevant examples of social studies classroom practices

To serve as a framework for graduate level social studies programs.

The class is reading a selection about a group of children who planted a garden in their community. Which of the following questions is an interpretive question? -- What do the children plant in their garden? --Did the children plant more vegetables or flowers? --What did the children do first when they planted the garden? --Why did the children rake the soil before planting?

Why did the children rake the soil before planting? Factual questions are drawn directly from the text. Sequence questions list steps in order. Contrast questions ask students to compare or contrast. Supporting details should be included. These types of questions help with literal understanding. This question asks the readers to determine cause and effect. This is an interpretive question which is the second level of understanding. Both types aid with comprehension.

On the heels of the presidential election in the U.S., more than 6,200 children from 47 countries are weighing in with their own set of presidential priorities. The third annual Small Voices, Big Dreams global survey asked children around the world, "If you were president or leader of your country, what would you do to improve the lives of children in your country?" Overwhelmingly, children answered that improving education would be a top priority under their leadership. One in two (50 percent) respondents in developing countries said they would improve education or provide greater enrichment opportunities. Ibrahima, a 12-year-old from Guinea, where an overwhelming 77 percent of children would improve education, said, "If I was the president, I would encourage education for every child and would multiply school infrastructures in every village where there are maximum numbers of children of school age." The Small Voi

improve "Improve" is a synonym for "ameliorate." It is also a more common word which would be more widely understood by readers. Avoid using polysyllable words when one or two syllables will do. metropolis: city deficiency : lack utilize : use

1The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center opened to the public on August 3, 2004, with the mission of "reveal[ing] stories about freedom heroes, from the era of the Underground Railroad to contemporary times, challenging and inspiring everyone to take courageous steps for freedom today." 2This is an awesome task that comes to fruition in an awe-inspiring series of exhibits in it's museum in downtown Cincinnati. 3It is what can be called a "museum of conscience" alongside the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the National Civil Rights Museum. 4Visitors to the Freedom Center are experiencing the meaning of freedom and the role that Cincinnati had in the history of the Underground Railroad. 5The museum sits on a piece of land just steps from the Ohio River which played an important role as the dividing line between freedom and human enslavement. 6In fact, the principal artifact at the museum is the Sl

part 9 Part 9 has a shift in point of view from the third person to the second person. "You" should be replaced by "visitors."

1For people with diabetes, taking a multivitamin every day can mean much more than a little protection against the common cold. 2Research is finding that multivitamins can be the first line of defense against many different types of infections, including respiratory infections and influenza. 3"Once a person with diabetes gets an infection, it's much harder for them to get rid of it, and it can lead to dire consequences, even death," says Registered and Certified Dietitian-Nutritionist Debra Spector. 4"And since some diabetic patients don't normally respond well to treatment, prevention is key for them." 5Taking a special diabetes multivitamin, usually found in the diabetes section of a drugstore, not the vitamin section, allows you to be proactive with your health, and avoid nutrient deficiencies that can lead to problems. 6A year-long study among 130 patients, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, found

"per cent" should be changed to "percent" In the United States, the proper spelling is "percent." In Britain, the two-word version (per cent) is still used.

In response to uncertain economic times and rising unemployment, Americans are cutting back on medical care, including doctors' appointments, preventive tests and prescription drugs. According to a recent poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 47 percent of Americans report that a family member has sacrificed medical care because of the cost. More than one-third says they or a family member have delayed care, and 30 percent say they have skipped a recommended test or treatment. Short-term care cutbacks, however, could lead to more medical problems and higher spending in the long run. Forgoing necessary medications to treat chronic conditions or diseases could lead to more serious complications and even hospitalization. Now, more than ever, people need assistance in taking care of their health and the health of their families. Resources such as prescription assistance programs can help uninsured Americans better aff

47 percent According to a recent poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 47 percent of Americans report that a family member has sacrificed medical care because of the cost. The subject is "47 percent." "Americans" clarifies. The sentence could read: 47 percent of citizens, 47 percent of retired people etc.

On the heels of the presidential election in the U.S., more than 6,200 children from 47 countries are weighing in with their own set of presidential priorities. The third annual Small Voices, Big Dreams global survey asked children around the world, "If you were president or leader of your country, what would you do to improve the lives of children in your country?" Overwhelmingly, children answered that improving education would be a top priority under their leadership. One in two (50 percent) respondents in developing countries said they would improve education or provide greater enrichment opportunities. Ibrahima, a 12-year-old from Guinea, where an overwhelming 77 percent of children would improve education, said, "If I was the president, I would encourage education for every child and would multiply school infrastructures in every village where there are maximum numbers of children of school age." The Small Voi

9 percent The accepted convention for numbers is to spell out whole numbers from one to nine. Indefinite numbers (thousands, hundreds, dozens) should also be spelled out. 9 percent should have been written nine percent.

The unwritten literature of a culture, such as its songs and proverbs, is known as which of the following? Folklore. Mythology. Literary customs. Canon.

Folklore The unwritten literature of a culture or society is its folklore. Folklore can be incredibly useful not only in teaching reading, but in multicultural approaches to education in a number of subjects.

Which of the following is not consistent with research about how culture influences learning? -- A student's cultural identity will not affect his understanding of social issues. --A student's cultural identity can affect how he interprets and answers questions. --Cultural identity can affect learning style. --Some cultural practices create unique challenges for students.

A student's cultural identity will not affect his understanding of social issues. A student's cultural identity can influence his learning in school. Styles of teaching and learning may differ at home or in the home country. Different cultures expect different behaviors from children asking or answering questions. For example, some cultures would think it rude for a student to question a teacher. Others require students to avert their gaze when addressing adults. Some cultures encourage observation and trial and error. Other cultures expect different behaviors from different genders. These cultural practices create unique challenges for some students.

My brother had just been appointed Secretary of Nevada Territory, an office of such majesty that it concentrated in itself the duties and dignities of Treasurer, Comptroller, Secretary of State, and Acting Governor in the Governor's absence. A salary of eighteen hundred dollars a year and the title of "Mr. Secretary," gave to the great position an air of wild and imposing grandeur. I was young and ignorant, and I envied my brother. I coveted his distinction and his financial splendor, but particularly and especially the long, strange journey he was going to make, and the curious new world he was going to explore. He was going to travel! I never had been away from home, and that word "travel" had a seductive charm for me. Pretty soon he would be hundreds and hundreds of miles away on the great plains and deserts, and among the mountains of the Far West, and would see buffaloes and Indians, and prairie dogs, and antelo

Alluring Although sensual might be a component of seductive, it does not mean the same, making sensual incorrect. Repulsive is a word that is the opposite of seductive and is incorrect. Magical is incorrect because it does not mean the same as seductive. Alluring and seductive are closest in meaning than the other words in the list.

One technique used by a middle school teacher for helping her students sort writing ideas is the tree diagram. With a tree diagram, ideas are sorted From the specific to the general From the general to the specific In a simple list with two or three indentations or gradations From the interior to the exterior

From the general to the specific Writers using the tree diagram technique sort ideas from the general to the specific. Ideas and details branch out in increasing specificity. Gathering and sorting ideas can be very challenging for students.

Which of the following Articles of the U.S. Constitution addresses its ratification? Article Four. Article Five. Article Six. Article Seven.

Article Seven. Article Seven sets forth the requirements for ratification of the Constitution; specifically, it states that the Constitution will not take effect until at least nine states have ratified the Constitution in state conventions convened especially for that purpose, and that it will only apply to those States that ratify it.

Which of the following is a vital element for context? Phonics Phonological awareness Background knowledge Orthography

Background knowledge A reader's background knowledge interacts with context clues to help the reader read unfamiliar words. ELL and at-risk readers may have difficulty with new words because they lack background knowledge.

When a child begins to connect the sound of a letter with its physical appearance in print, he or she is said to be making which of the following? Orthographic connections. Phonemic connections. Phonological connections. Grapheme phoneme connections.

Grapheme phoneme connections Grapheme phoneme connections occur when a child (or other reader) begins to connect a letter's sound with its physical appearance in print. Being able to connect a printed letter with its sound is a key step in literacy development.

Which is an example of a mnemonic device? --HOMES to remember the Great Lakes --A survey before reading --Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review --A story web or map

HOMES to remember the Great Lakes A mnemonic device is a memory -related device. HOMES stands for Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie and Superior.

1As many seafood lovers know, buying seafood isn't as simple as it used to be. 2According to the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch, many marine species are either endangered or threatened, overfishing is an escalating problem. 3Between overfishing, oil spills, climate change, and other human activities, not a single portion of the ocean remains unaffected. 4In fact, a pack of radio-active bluefin tuna recently migrated to the Pacific Ocean from Japan. 5The tuna, already Japan's most expensive fish, had harmful levels of radio-active cesium, an outcome of Japan's devastating earthquake. 6As a species, bluefin are also substantially overfished. 7To avoid contributing to the problem of overfishing, ask chefs and seafood markets about sustainable options. 8For instance, request albacore tuna instead of bluefin tuna, or stick to sustainable farmed seafood like U.S. Farm-Raised Catfish. 9Buying American-farmed catfis

Be alert to the type of fish you buy or eat in order to be environmentally conscious. This statement best describes the theme of the selection. The other choices are not as comprehensive; they address only a part of the selection rather than the theme.

Colorectal cancer is the number-two cancer killer in the U.S. Unfortunately, few people realize that there are a number of simple screening tests that can make colorectal cancer one of the most preventable cancers. The development of more than 75-90 percent of colorectal cancer can be avoided through early detection and removal of these pre-cancerous polyps. Colorectal cancer is most common after age 50, but it can strike at younger ages. The chance of colon cancer increases with age. It's suggested that screenings begin at age 50 for men and women at average risk for colorectal cancer. You should begin colorectal cancer screening as early as age 45. African-Americans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer at a younger average age than whites, and African-Americans with colorectal cancer have a decreased survival rate compared with whites. Colonoscopy is considered the best test for colorectal cancer screening and p

Because

A reading recovery teacher is asking her students to focus in the words: space, blank, clock, frank. She points out that at the beginning of these words there are two letters that work together but keep their sounds. Which of the following concepts is she attempting to reinforce with these words? Digraphs Rimes Blends Diphthong

Blends Blends are two consonants which are joined but keep their sounds. Rimes are the letters from the vowel to the end of single syllable words. Digraphs are two letters that represent one speech sound. Diphthongs are vowel sounds produced when the tongue glides from the first vowel sound to the second vowel sound in the same syllable. This teacher is working on beginning blends.

On the heels of the presidential election in the U.S., more than 6,200 children from 47 countries are weighing in with their own set of presidential priorities. The third annual Small Voices, Big Dreams global survey asked children around the world, "If you were president or leader of your country, what would you do to improve the lives of children in your country?" Overwhelmingly, children answered that improving education would be a top priority under their leadership. One in two (50 percent) respondents in developing countries said they would improve education or provide greater enrichment opportunities. Ibrahima, a 12-year-old from Guinea, where an overwhelming 77 percent of children would improve education, said, "If I was the president, I would encourage education for every child and would multiply school infrastructures in every village where there are maximum numbers of children of school age." The Small Voi

Children's program developers Since this piece lists the results of a survey to find out what children around the world want or need, the most likely audience would be those who develop programs for children. Focused essays are written with a specific audience in mind.

My brother had just been appointed Secretary of Nevada Territory, an office of such majesty that it concentrated in itself the duties and dignities of Treasurer, Comptroller, Secretary of State, and Acting Governor in the Governor's absence. A salary of eighteen hundred dollars a year and the title of "Mr. Secretary," gave to the great position an air of wild and imposing grandeur. I was young and ignorant, and I envied my brother. I coveted his distinction and his financial splendor, but particularly and especially the long, strange journey he was going to make, and the curious new world he was going to explore. He was going to travel! I never had been away from home, and that word "travel" had a seductive charm for me. Pretty soon he would be hundreds and hundreds of miles away on the great plains and deserts, and among the mountains of the Far West, and would see buffaloes and Indians, and prairie dogs, and antelo

Choice C is correct because it represents the idea that he suffered because his brother had such success, which is envy. Choice A is incorrect because, while it could be involved in envy, it does not describe it. Choice B means to be sorry for something, which is not the case in this passage. Choice D is incorrect because it indicates that he was happy for his brother's success and that is not the case either.

My brother had just been appointed Secretary of Nevada Territory, an office of such majesty that it concentrated in itself the duties and dignities of Treasurer, Comptroller, Secretary of State, and Acting Governor in the Governor's absence. A salary of eighteen hundred dollars a year and the title of "Mr. Secretary," gave to the great position an air of wild and imposing grandeur. I was young and ignorant, and I envied my brother. I coveted his distinction and his financial splendor, but particularly and especially the long, strange journey he was going to make, and the curious new world he was going to explore. He was going to travel! I never had been away from home, and that word "travel" had a seductive charm for me. Pretty soon he would be hundreds and hundreds of miles away on the great plains and deserts, and among the mountains of the Far West, and would see buffaloes and Indians, and prairie dogs, and antelo

Choice C is the correct answer because the phrase directly follows the author's description of being asked to go along. Choices A and D are incorrect because they are given as reasons for his envy. Choice B is incorrect because it wasn't mentioned as a reason to be content.

The fate of modern economies is determined by four types of demand: the demand for consumer goods; the demand for investment goods; the demand for money; and the demand for assets, which represent the expected utility of money (deferred money). Periods of economic boom are characterized by a heightened demand for goods, both consumer and investment; a rising demand for assets; and low demand for actual money (low savings, low capitalization, high leverage). Investment booms foster excesses (for instance: excess capacity) that, invariably lead to investment busts. But, economy-wide recessions are not triggered exclusively and merely by investment busts. They are the outcomes of a shift in sentiment: a rising demand for money at the expense of the demand for goods and assets. In other words, a recession is brought about when people start to rid themselves of assets (and, in the process, deleverage); when they consume

Choices B, C and D are incorrect because they are not the phrase place directly before the phrase "of such interventions." Choice A is correct because it comes directly after his list of what the government should do and to which the word interventions refers.

Which of the following is BEST defined by its emphasis on limited government and individual freedom? Political power. Classical liberalism. Liberty. Federalism.

Classical liberalism.

Students should be introduced to the four main types of map projections. What are these? Conic, cylindrical, interrupted, and plane Globe, plane, geologic, topographical Physical, topographic, geologic, relative Conic, plane, international, interrupted

Conic, cylindrical, interrupted and plane Students should be able to identify each of the four major types of map projections. With a cylindrical map, a cylinder is imagined to circle the globe and the lines of longitude and latitude are projected onto the cylinder from the spherical globe. This can stretch the distances from east to west. With a conic map, meridians are drawn in equal distances from a central point, usually a pole. A plane map imagines a flat surface onto which places on the globe are projected. An interrupted map "opens up" a globe leaving spaces empty to represent the less important areas, such as the expanses of the ocean.

A reading strategy that asks the reader not only to activate her prior knowledge, but to make connection between the text she is reading and other texts, and with her personal life, is known as which of the following? Monitoring. Visualizing. Connecting. Questioning

Connecting Connecting invites the reader to connect the text to her own life and to other texts. The reader should also reflect on what prior knowledge she uses and what new knowledge is gained through reading.

Which of the following is described below? Students learn about issues and problems that are global in scope and require international solutions. Universal and cultural values and practices Origins and past patterns of worldwide affairs Contemporary worldwide concerns and conditions Alternative future directions in worldwide affairs.

Contemporary worldwide concerns and conditions Robert Hanvey and Willard Kniep were early advocates for global education. Their work was synthesized into two dimensions: substantive and perceptual. The substantive dimension includes five categories of content: 1. Universal and cultural values and practices. Students study earth's cultural groups to discover similarities and differences between groups. 2. Global connections. Curriculum should include lessons which connect peoples by global economic, political, ecological, and technological systems. 3.Contemporary worldwide concerns and conditions. Students learn about issues and problems that are global in scope and require international solutions. 4. Origins and past patterns in worldwide affairs. Students come to understand the history of international current events. 5. Alternative future directions in worldwide affairs. Students speculate on and predict global consequences of political and economic decisions.

On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther nailed 95 theses to the Wittenburg Door. You ask your students to research the changes caused by the actions of Martin Luther and to write a persuasive paper stating how Luther's actions were beneficial or damaging to the European culture of the time. The arguments must be persuasive and well-supported. Which level of Depth of Knowledge (DOK) will your students employ with this assignment? DOK Level 1 DOK Level 2 DOK Level 3 DOK Level 4

DOK Level 4 There are four levels of DOK, or depth of knowledge. Level 1 is recall. The student focuses on facts, definitions, details or routine procedures. Memorization is a skill at this level. There is one right answer. Level 2 is Skill/Concept. The student applies skills or concepts. This requires keeper knowledge than recall. Level 3 is strategic reasoning. The focus is on reasoning and planning. It requires abstract thinking and support for reasoning. There may be more than one correct response. Level 4 is extended reasoning. This requires complex reasoning, planning and thinking often over time. There may be multiple steps. Students may be asked to relate concepts within the content area or with other content areas. Students make real world applications. These students are being asked to select facts to support an argument. They must do research, organize data, craft an argument, and support it. This will take time. This is a Level 4 task.

The fate of modern economies is determined by four types of demand: the demand for consumer goods; the demand for investment goods; the demand for money; and the demand for assets, which represent the expected utility of money (deferred money). Periods of economic boom are characterized by a heightened demand for goods, both consumer and investment; a rising demand for assets; and low demand for actual money (low savings, low capitalization, high leverage). Investment booms foster excesses (for instance: excess capacity) that, invariably lead to investment busts. But, economy-wide recessions are not triggered exclusively and merely by investment busts. They are the outcomes of a shift in sentiment: a rising demand for money at the expense of the demand for goods and assets. In other words, a recession is brought about when people start to rid themselves of assets (and, in the process, deleverage); when they consume

Deferred money Deferred money is correct because, in sentence one, the phrase deferred money is in parentheses, defining the 'expected utility of money' that proceeds it. Cash equivalents, depreciating currency, and balance sheet relief are phrases used in the paragraph, but not as definitions for the utility of money.

Which of the following four factors, key to teaching social studies, is primarily credited with provoking inquiry? Arranged environment Initiation Development activities Culmination

Environment Arranged environment is primarily credited with provoking inquiry. There is so much latitude in social studies activities and experiences that the environment in which study takes place not only motivates, but provokes inquiry and serves as a learning resource.

A form of political behavior marked by obsessive preoccupation with community decline, humiliation or victimhood and by compensatory cults of unity, energy and purity, in which a mass-based party of committed nationalist militants, working in uneasy but effective collaboration with traditional elites, abandons democratic liberties and pursues with redemptive violence and without ethical or legal restraints goals of internal cleansing and external expansion." In the quote above, Robert O. Paxton is describing which of the following ideologies? Fascism. Libertarianism. Socialism. Capitalism.

Fascism. This passage is taken from Robert O. Paxton's The Anatomy of Fascism. In general terms, fascism is a term used to describe authoritarian nationalist political ideologies that seek to exalt a nation or race through unity, strength and purity.

The connection a child makes between words and referents, which are often so fast she cannot consider all possible meanings of the word, are known as which of the following? Object permanence. Fast mapping. Accommodation. Slow mapping.

Fast mapping Children make connections between words and referents very quickly. This may mean that all possible meanings of the word cannot be considered.

A teacher using the QAR comprehension strategy is asking her students questions that require them to think and search. They have just read a retelling of Little Red Riding Hood. Which of the following questions is a think and search question? Where was Little Red Riding Hood going with her basket of goodies? What do you think Little Red thought when she saw the Wolf in her Granny's bed? How long did it take for the Wolf to get to Granny's? Are you afraid of strangers?

How long did it take for the Wolf to get to Granny's? This question would require the readers to think about what Red was doing (picking flowers and walking to Granny's) and how long it might take the Wolf to accomplish his foul deeds. They would have to conclude that he was a pretty quick worker. A QAR (Question-Answer Relationship, Raphael, 1982) helps students understand that much of what is gained from reading does not come directly from the text. The teacher uses three types of questions: the right on the page, the think and search, and the on my own. The right on the page questions can be found directly from the text. The think and search questions can be directly inferred from the text. The on my own questions are related to the students own experiences or ideas. Students can learn to distinguish which type of question is being asked and also to construct questions at each level. OARs can be used with fiction and non-fiction texts. Students learn to make predictions, draw conclusions, make generalizations and evaluate texts.

Which of the following is an example of the semi-phonetic stage of writing? IM6 (I am six.) ME N MI CAT WNT FR A WK (Me and my cat went for a walk.) Gra sqrrl gra sqrrl wut do you see I see a red fox lkn at me (Gray squirrel, gray squirrel, what do you see? I see a red fox looking at me.) My dad is a gud reeder. I want to be a good reeder to!

IM6 (I am six.) Children progress through developmental spelling stages as they become writers. The stages are: The Pre-communicative Phase: Writing has inconsistent communicative intent. The child may give a different meaning every time he interprets his "writing" (usually scribbles). Children have not yet developed phonological or phonemic awareness. The Semi-phonetic Phase: Children discover that letters represent sounds. Children develop phonemic awareness. Children use letters to represent words. The Phonetic stage: Children begin to use letters more accurately to represent words. More consistent use of consonants and vowels is evident. The Transitional Stage: Children use a number of correct spellings, but will still use phonetic spelling for many words. Children combine sight words with phonetic words.

Mrs. Copperfield uses recordings of the week's story with her second grade class. Every day, she plays the CD and has her class track along with the reader. As the week progresses, she encourages her students to read along with the tape in soft voices or even just to chime in with significant words. Which fluency technique is Mrs. Copperfield using? Choral reading Echo reading Imitative reading Paired-reading

Imitative reading Students listening to and reading along with pre-recorded texts are using tape-assisted, automated, or imitative reading for fluency. Echo reading is reading one sentence at a time and having students repeat it as an echo would. Choral reading is reading with the teacher in a group or having groups assigned to read together. This works well with poetry or dramas. Reading with a tape recorded reading gives students practice with fluency. Pre-recorded readings give good examples of prosody.

During early childhood, a child may guide his or her actions by whispering or muttering to herself as a parent would. This type of speech is known as which of the following? Telegraphic speech. Communicative speech. Repetition. Inner speech.

Inner speech A child uses inner speech to caution him or herself or guide actions. As children age, the whispered or muttered inner speech may become silent. Adults continue to engage in inner speech.

My brother had just been appointed Secretary of Nevada Territory, an office of such majesty that it concentrated in itself the duties and dignities of Treasurer, Comptroller, Secretary of State, and Acting Governor in the Governor's absence. A salary of eighteen hundred dollars a year and the title of "Mr. Secretary," gave to the great position an air of wild and imposing grandeur. I was young and ignorant, and I envied my brother. I coveted his distinction and his financial splendor, but particularly and especially the long, strange journey he was going to make, and the curious new world he was going to explore. He was going to travel! I never had been away from home, and that word "travel" had a seductive charm for me. Pretty soon he would be hundreds and hundreds of miles away on the great plains and deserts, and among the mountains of the Far West, and would see buffaloes and Indians, and prairie dogs, and antelo

Irony Choices B, C and D are not true definitions of the style of writing this author employs. Choice A is the correct answer, as the author says things throughout that he doesn't really mean, but that lends an interesting, self-evaluating look at that particular situation - which is irony.

Which of the following is FALSE about the Boston Massacre? --It involved the death of civilians at the hands of British troops. --It encouraged rebellion in the colonies. --It led to further loyalty to the monarchy. --The British soldiers were represented in court by John Adams.

It led to further loyalty to the monarchy. The Boston Massacre helped incite rebellion against the monarchy rather than loyalty toward it.

The reading specialist is giving fluency probes to a first grade class. She tests Jamina who reads as below: (slashes mark stops. Underlined words are missed.) Tom / has / a / kitten./ He really / likes / his / cat./ He pets his cat./ He/ feeds/ his/ cat./ He/ washes / his cat's / pillow. How should the reading teacher assess Jamina's reading based on this test? --Jamina cannot read. --Jamina needs practice with decoding. --Jamina does not know her sight words. --Jamina does not heed puncutation marks.

Jamina needs practice with decoding. Fluent readers read quickly, accurately, automatically, and with expression. Fluency is important for good reading because slow, inaccurate reading causes the reader to lose focus. When readers are just beginning, they must focus on decoding each word. Fluent readers recognize high-frequency words automatically, do not need to stop to decode every word, heed punctuation marks, and read with adequate speed. This reader is stopping often to decode.

Which of the following thinkers of the Reformation pioneered the empiricist approach to knowledge? Benedict de Spinoza John Locke John Calvin Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

John Locke John Locke proposed the empiricist approach to knowledge. He connected a child's environment to his/her development. Locke thought that reason and revelation came from God. He classified knowledge as three states: (1) knowledge according to reason, (2.) knowledge contrary to reason, (3) knowledge above reason. His thinking had a huge influence on education. John Calvin proposed the doctrine of predestination which greatly influenced the church in Scotland, although he was French. Benedict de Spinoza developed rational pantheism. He equated God with nature and denied free will. The universe was impersonal and mechanical. Gottfried Leibniz also had a mechanistic view of the universe. He worked on symbolic logic and calculus. He invented a calculating machine.

Which is the best predictor of a child's ability to understand a passage? Knowledge of word meanings Knowledge of phonics Practice with decoding Text and sentence structures

Knowledge of word meanings. Vocabulary understanding is a good predictor of a child's comprehension. Being able to understand the words in a passage enables the student to understand the passage. Other important factors are background knowledge and context cues.

Assigning children a lesson which involves gathering information about the way people live in various nations reflects the combination of social studies with which of the following content areas? Mathematics Health Language arts Physical education

Language Arts Assigning children a lesson which involves gathering data about the way people live in various nations reflects the combination of social studies with language arts. Students need to explore various texts to find the information they need. Teaching content across subject areas helps students understand how information and concepts are interrelated.

Colorectal cancer is the number-two cancer killer in the U.S. Unfortunately, few people realize that there are a number of simple screening tests that can make colorectal cancer one of the most preventable cancers. The development of more than 75-90 percent of colorectal cancer can be avoided through early detection and removal of these pre-cancerous polyps. Colorectal cancer is most common after age 50, but it can strike at younger ages. The chance of colon cancer increases with age. It's suggested that screenings begin at age 50 for men and women at average risk for colorectal cancer. You should begin colorectal cancer screening as early as age 45. African-Americans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer at a younger average age than whites, and African-Americans with colorectal cancer have a decreased survival rate compared with whites. Colonoscopy is considered the best test for colorectal cancer screening and p

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In response to uncertain economic times and rising unemployment, Americans are cutting back on medical care, including doctors' appointments, preventive tests and prescription drugs. According to a recent poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 47 percent of Americans report that a family member has sacrificed medical care because of the cost. More than one-third says they or a family member have delayed care, and 30 percent say they have skipped a recommended test or treatment. Short-term care cutbacks, however, could lead to more medical problems and higher spending in the long run. Forgoing necessary medications to treat chronic conditions or diseases could lead to more serious complications and even hospitalization. Now, more than ever, people need assistance in taking care of their health and the health of their families. Resources such as prescription assistance programs can help uninsured Americans better aff

Line 9 The sentence should read: More than one-third say they or a family member have delayed care, and 30 percent say they have skipped a recommended test or treatment. The subject of the sentence is "More" which is a collective noun. A collective noun can take a singular or plural verb, depending on context. Here "more" is plural.

Mrs. Dima, a retired teacher, comes to talk to your social studies class. She tells the students that, when she was a girl, the new New York fashions took about two years to get to her town. Now they get there overnight because of TV and the INTERNET. What geography theme is she addressing? Human-Environmental interaction Movement and connections Location and place Regions, patterns and processes

Movement and connections Mrs. Dima is talking about the movement of goods. The five themes of geography are: place; location; movement and connections; human-environmental interaction; regions, patterns and processes. Place: Continents, countries, cities etc. Location: absolute and relative on the globe Human-environmental interaction -- how people rely on and affect the environment Movement and Connections: transportation, communication, people and goods Regions, patterns and processes: climatic, economic, political and cultural

On the heels of the presidential election in the U.S., more than 6,200 children from 47 countries are weighing in with their own set of presidential priorities. The third annual Small Voices, Big Dreams global survey asked children around the world, "If you were president or leader of your country, what would you do to improve the lives of children in your country?" Overwhelmingly, children answered that improving education would be a top priority under their leadership. One in two (50 percent) respondents in developing countries said they would improve education or provide greater enrichment opportunities. Ibrahima, a 12-year-old from Guinea, where an overwhelming 77 percent of children would improve education, said, "If I was the president, I would encourage education for every child and would multiply school infrastructures in every village where there are maximum numbers of children of school age." The Small Voi

Needs Food, clothing, and shelter are three specific needs of children. Whenever possible, replace abstract words with specific words. He rode his vehicle to work. He rode his unicycle to work.

We are going to look at civil unrest and what can trigger it. Definition of Civil Unrest - This is not a revolution or violent overthrow of the government. It is a breakdown of law and order. The symptoms of civil unrest follow: crowds gathering and engaging in violence such as starting fires, throwing rocks, destroying vehicles, attacking cars with motorists inside, marching outside of government buildings and acting in a disorderly and destructive fashion, crowds throwing rocks and other projectiles. Civil unrest is more than just unhappy people. It is when these unhappy people demonstrate their unhappiness with violence and destruction of property so as to send a signal to the government that they had better meet their wishes and fast. Civil unrest is not revolutionary behavior. Revolutionary behavior generally focuses sharply on specific targets; it is not random violence or destruction of property. Revolutionary

Overthrow of the government

Students in a middle school classroom are asked to write nominating speeches for class president. Which type of writing will these students most likely employ? Persuasive Speculative Expository Narrative

Persuasive The main functions of writing are to narrate, to describe, to explain and to persuade. The purpose of expository writing is to explain or clarify ideas. Textbooks use expository writing. Essays can also use expository writing. Persuasive writing is used to convince the reader of something. Newspaper stories and essays often use persuasive writing. A point is put forth which is supported by evidence and logical arguments. Speculative writing explores ideas rather than explaining them. The tone is often meditative. Narrative writing is used to tell a story. A nominating speech would most likely be persuasive since the purpose is to convince voters to nominate a candidate.

Which is true of phonics and comprehension? --Comprehension teaches phonics. --Teaching phonics teaches comprehension skills. --New readers use phonics exclusively. --Phonics skills are reinforced by comprehension.

Phonics skills are reinforced by comprehension. Students who have good comprehension skills will know if the word they are decoding makes sense in what they are reading. Readers can refine their phonics skills when reading in context. They receive feedback about the accuracy of their decoding when their choices make sense to comprehension.

The ability to remember speech sounds briefly is known as which of the following? Phonemic memory. Phonological awareness. Regularization. Phonological memory.

Phonological memory The phonological memory is the ability to remember speech sounds. This is key in learning vocabulary.

A child's ability to notice print in her environment and ability to properly hold a book help make up which of the following? Print awareness. Print motivation. Early literacy. Book concept.

Print awareness Print awareness is a child's ability to notice print in her environment. This includes the ability to properly hold a book. Print awareness is a cornerstone of literacy.

Which of the following is BEST defined by the political "far left" and "far right"? Liberal. Socialist. Radical. Communist.

Radical. A radical viewpoint is usually extremely liberal or extremely conservative on the conventional political spectrum.

Mrs. Montaigne is working with her sixth grade social studies class. They are studying the inventors of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Which of the following questions would be highest on the DOK (Depth of Knowledge) scale? --- Who invented the first voice recording machine? ---Compare Thomas Edison's arguments for Direct Current (DC) with Nikola Tesla's arguments for Alternating Current (AC). ---Read Edison's proposal for illuminating the Chicago World's Fair. Read Tesla's. Choose the one you think is best and write a persuasive letter to the Board of Directors of the Fair. ---- Read these newspaper articles about Edison's traveling exhibitions concerning the dangers of AC. What conclusions can you draw about Edison's exhibitions and the dangers of AC current?

Read Edison's proposal for illuminating the Chicago World's Fair. Read Tesla's. Choose the one you think is best and write a persuasive letter to the Board of Directors of the Fair. This is an example of a level 4 DOK question. Students must collect information, compare information, decide which information is more valid or closer to their view, and produce a new application for the information. There are four levels of DOK, or depth of knowledge. Level 1 is recall. The student focuses on facts, definitions, details or routine procedures. Memorization is a skill at this level. There is one right answer. Level 2 is Skill/Concept. The student applies skills or concepts. This requires deeper knowledge than recall. Level 3 is strategic reasoning. The focus is on reasoning and planning. It requires abstract thinking and support for reasoning. There may be more than one correct response. Level 4 is extended reasoning. This requires complex reasoning, planning and thinking often over time. There may be multiple steps. Students may be asked to relate concepts within the content area or with other content areas. Students make real world applications.

My brother had just been appointed Secretary of Nevada Territory, an office of such majesty that it concentrated in itself the duties and dignities of Treasurer, Comptroller, Secretary of State, and Acting Governor in the Governor's absence. A salary of eighteen hundred dollars a year and the title of "Mr. Secretary," gave to the great position an air of wild and imposing grandeur. I was young and ignorant, and I envied my brother. I coveted his distinction and his financial splendor, but particularly and especially the long, strange journey he was going to make, and the curious new world he was going to explore. He was going to travel! I never had been away from home, and that word "travel" had a seductive charm for me. Pretty soon he would be hundreds and hundreds of miles away on the great plains and deserts, and among the mountains of the Far West, and would see buffaloes and Indians, and prairie dogs, and antelo

Senator Choices B, C and D are listed in the first sentence as titles the author's brother would carry in the absence of the governor making those choices incorrect. Choice A is correct because the list of titles does not include his being a senator while in the absence of the governor.

Your advanced social studies class is reading parts of Nobel Prize winner Gunnar Myrdal's "An American Dilemma" which dealt with the status of African Americans from the Civil War to the Second World War. What area of anthropological studies are you introducing your students to with this study? Ethnography Sociology Archeology Psychology

Sociology Anthropology is the study of human culture. Archaeologists excavate and scientifically analyze the remains of extinct people to try reconstruct their lives. Richard Leaky is an archaeologist. Primatologists, such as Jane Goodall, study the group behavior of non-human primates. Ethnographers gather information about culture through fieldwork done on site. Margaret Mead is an example. Linguistic anthropologists study languages in their social contexts. Physical anthropologists study living and fossil human beings and primates. Sociologists study the social behavior of humans within a group. Gunnar Myrdal was a sociologist. Psychologists, such as B.F. Skinner study the human behavior of small groups and individuals.

Several studies support teaching spelling with reading instruction. Why would spelling be coordinated with reading? --Children learn standard spelling. --Students become better decoders. --Students with poor phonological awareness can memorize spelling words. --Students can only read words they can spell.

Students become better decoders. Several studies show that when spelling and reading are integrated students become better decoders. They can read words that they cannot spell and can attempt to write words they do not know how to spell. Programs that encourage "invented spelling" based on patterns that are taught have students who are better decoders.

Which of the following was passed in direct response to the Boston Tea Party? The Massachusetts Government Act. The Boston Port Act. The Administration of Justice Act. The Quebec Act.

The Boston Port Act. The Boston Port Act, which closed the Port of Boston until the East India Company had been repaid for the destroyed tea, was the first of the Intolerable Acts to be passed in response to the Boston Tea Party.

Which of the following was NOT accomplished by The Louisiana Purchase? The U.S. gained control of the Mississippi River. The U.S. doubled in size. The U.S. gained control over Florida. There was an increase in the U.S. population of Spanish, French and Native Americans.

The U.S. gained control over Florida. The Louisiana Purchase did not provide the U.S. with control over Florida.

Directions: In the sentence below, select the best choice for the underlined portion. The car is fast, it has a large engine. The car is fast and runs slowly. The car is fast; it has a large engine. The car is fast, it has a small engine. Fast car

The car is fast; it has a large engine. Correlation is a relation between two or more things. The common relationship between the two subjects is cars with larger engines generally run faster than cars with smaller engines.

The fate of modern economies is determined by four types of demand: the demand for consumer goods; the demand for investment goods; the demand for money; and the demand for assets, which represent the expected utility of money (deferred money). Periods of economic boom are characterized by a heightened demand for goods, both consumer and investment; a rising demand for assets; and low demand for actual money (low savings, low capitalization, high leverage). Investment booms foster excesses (for instance: excess capacity) that, invariably lead to investment busts. But, economy-wide recessions are not triggered exclusively and merely by investment busts. They are the outcomes of a shift in sentiment: a rising demand for money at the expense of the demand for goods and assets. In other words, a recession is brought about when people start to rid themselves of assets (and, in the process, deleverage); when they consume

The demand for fair lending Choices A, B and C are contained in the list as reasons for the fate of economies and are incorrect. Choice D is not mentioned as a reason for the fate of economies and is the correct choice.

Directions: In the sentence below, select the negation of the underlined sentence. The hill was steep. The hill was not steep. I like steep hills. I haven't seen the hill. Mountains are large hills.

The hill was not steep.

A fourth grade class is given the following writing prompt: Pretend that you are planning a camping trip. You want your cousin, who is the same age as you, to come along with you, but you know that he is afraid of sleeping in the woods. Write a persuasive paragraph telling him why he should join you on your trip. A student turns in the following. How would you rate this paragraph? Dear Charlie, I hope that you are doing well. I haven't seen you for a while. I'm going camping! I am going to take a tent and some food and a fishing pole. My dad is taking me to the National park about an hour from our house. We are going to set up the tent and cook hot dogs over the fire.We are going to sleep in sleeping bags. We are going to fish in the stream. We might cook the fish if we catch any. It will be fun. Your cousin, Toni --The writer wrote a focused persuasive paragraph which met the standards of the prompt. --The

The writer wrote a descriptive paragraph about camping. She did not fully meet the standards of the prompt. This paragraph is descriptive but not persuasive. Writing to a prompt includes audience, topic, type of writing and role of the writer. Here the writer is simply describing what will be done on the trip, not trying to persuade his cousin to join him.

Which of the following is TRUE about primary groups? They are usually large in size. They frequently last for long periods of time. They are institutional more often than not. They are formal relationships.

They frequently last for long periods of time Primary groups are characterized by a high degree of affective interpersonal contact and exerting strong influence on social attitudes and ideals of the individual. Primary groups tend to develop lasting relationships. Whereas secondary groups are less personal and often temporary, such as classmates or work colleagues.

"No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law." The quote above is from which of the following Amendments to the U.S. Constitution? First Amendment. Second Amendment. Third Amendment. Fourth Amendment.

Third Amendment. The Third Amendment was written to avoid the recurrence of quartering in citizens' homes as had been done before the American Revolution.

Which of the following theorists believed that human nature was nothing more than "self-interested cooperation"? John Locke. Niccolo Machiavelli. Karl Marx. Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes Hobbes believed that due to the scarcity of things in the world, there is a constant and rights-based, "war of all against all".

There is nothing we can do to stop natural methane sources. On the industrial side, however, there are a lot of areas that can be addressed. The production of methane through our actions is primarily through natural gas, petroleum, agricultural, coal mining, waste water reclaiming and landfill systems. All produce methane to a certain degree, some on a very large scale. Modifying our behavior on methane production is actually a win-win situation. Unlike carbon dioxide, methane can be used as an energy source in and of itself. The technology is complex and the gas can be unstable, but we have certainly accomplished far more difficult tasks. The bigger point is that we don't have to stop any activity that produces methane, just modify such activities to make use of the methane. Which generalization about global warming is most strongly supported by this passage? -- Industrial production of greenhouse gases and its

Through technological advances, methane can and should be cultivated as an energy source.

Which of the following does not describe a task for the alphabetic principle? Tracking from left to right Teaching letter-sound correspondences in isolation Reading phonetically-spelled words Connecting letter symbols with sounds

Tracking from left to right Tracking from left to right is a skill associated with print awareness. The alphabetic principle is the systematic relationship between letters and sounds. These skills help students decode words.

In response to uncertain economic times and rising unemployment, Americans are cutting back on medical care, including doctors' appointments, preventive tests and prescription drugs. According to a recent poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 47 percent of Americans report that a family member has sacrificed medical care because of the cost. More than one-third says they or a family member have delayed care, and 30 percent say they have skipped a recommended test or treatment. Short-term care cutbacks, however, could lead to more medical problems and higher spending in the long run. Forgoing necessary medications to treat chronic conditions or diseases could lead to more serious complications and even hospitalization. Now, more than ever, people need assistance in taking care of their health and the health of their families. Resources such as prescription assistance programs can help uninsured Americans better aff

Uninsured Americans The audience for the passage would be uninsured Americans. Now, more than ever, people need assistance in taking care of their health and the health of their families. Resources such as prescription assistance programs can help uninsured Americans better afford the medicines they need to stay healthy and to treat disease. The passage refers to policymakers, government officials, and polls, but the focus is on giving information concerning the plight of uninsured Americans.

Which of the following projects would help social studies students understand how transportation and communications networks contribute to the level of economic development of a region? ---Using the Internet, find out where you can buy cartoon character cell phone covers, how much they will cost, and any taxes or shipping charges you must pay. With this information, set up a "store" which will sell cell phone covers to your classmates. ---Take a poll of your classmates. Find the number who have cell phones and how many have covers for them. ---Using the Internet, find out the availability of cartoon character cell phone covers, the cost, and taxes and shipping. With this information, take a poll of your classmates to see how many might buy the covers. ---------Then make a plan for ordering and selling the covers. Plan a menu for a school Thanksgiving dinner. What foods will you serve?

Using the Internet, find out the availability of cartoon character cell phone covers, the cost, and taxes and shipping. With this information, take a poll of your classmates to see how many might buy the covers. Then make a plan for ordering and selling the covers. The availability of transportation and shipping and the improvement in communication networks, such as the Internet, has an economic impact in a region. The ability to do research easily and find information for planning for the use of resources helps regions develop at a greater pace than previous cultures could. This project uses the Internet, an communication resource, to help plan a business based on supply and demand. Economic principles support using resources to attain the highest practical satisfaction.

Mr. Hanson is evaluating his students' writing samples with regard to the Common Core standard: Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings. Which of the following students would score as having limited understanding? -- The stray cat wandered into our neighborhood last month. He was dirty and scrawny. My mother said that we couldn't keep him so we put him on a cat improvement plan. First, we cleaned him up. He wouldn't get into the tub so we tricked him! We rubbed milk on his fur and he licked it off and got clean. Then we filled a dish with left-over meat scraps from our dinners. We mixed in a raw egg. This fattened him up until he was just skinny. We took his picture and put it up on Facebook. Before long, someone adopted him. -- My brother is teaching me to be a great pitcher. When we first started practicing, I would just toss the ball at the batter. My brother told me that I c

When I read a sad book, I get sad. When kids in a book are crying, it makes me want to cry too. I would rather read happy books so that I can be happy too. Happy books give me good dreams. Once I read a book about a kid who lost his dog. That made me think about my dog and I got sad too. Luckily, the kid found his dog so the book had a happy ending. I got happy too. This student uses the same words repeatedly. He shows limited understanding by linking happy-good and crying-sad In the other samples, the students demonstrate understanding by using specific describing words or gradations of a word to shade meaning. Examples: skinny-scrawny; toss-throw-hurl-pitch; sweet-juicy-sloppy-sticky

On the heels of the presidential election in the U.S., more than 6,200 children from 47 countries are weighing in with their own set of presidential priorities. The third annual Small Voices, Big Dreams global survey asked children around the world, "If you were president or leader of your country, what would you do to improve the lives of children in your country?" Overwhelmingly, children answered that improving education would be a top priority under their leadership. One in two (50 percent) respondents in developing countries said they would improve education or provide greater enrichment opportunities. Ibrahima, a 12-year-old from Guinea, where an overwhelming 77 percent of children would improve education, said, "If I was the president, I would encourage education for every child and would multiply school infrastructures in every village where there are maximum numbers of children of school age." The Small Voi

While children around the world have different priorities, most are hopeful about their futures and the changes they can make in the world. This statement encompasses the overall thesis for this piece. The other statements focus on supporting details. A thesis is the main idea or the reason the author wrote the piece.

1Over 200,000 tons of dried, farmed, tropical seaweed are produced every year. 2The majority of the world's red seaweed is farmed by nearly 60,000 family farmers in Africa, the Philippines, and Indonesia. 3These families apply sustainable farming techniques that helps to protect and preserve the habitats where they farm. 4Seaweed farming is one of the most environmentally friendly types of aquaculture. 5Tropical carrageenan cultivation utilizes no chemical treatments, such as fertilizers. 6Seaweed farms help to preserve coral reefs by providing a sheltered habitat for local species of fish and invertebrates, which increases diversity where the seaweed is grown. 7Furthermore seaweed farming does not cause major physical landscape or seascape changes and can serve to mediate greenhouse gas emissions and excess nitrogen in the water that causes harmful algae blooms. 8Carrageenan is extracted from red seaweed with min

part 11 Part 11 contributes nothing to support the main idea of the selection which is that seaweed farming is sustainable farming and provides protein for nutritional needs. It can be removed without changing or disturbing the essence of the selection.

1The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center opened to the public on August 3, 2004, with the mission of "reveal[ing] stories about freedom heroes, from the era of the Underground Railroad to contemporary times, challenging and inspiring everyone to take courageous steps for freedom today." 2This is an awesome task that comes to fruition in an awe-inspiring series of exhibits in it's museum in downtown Cincinnati. 3It is what can be called a "museum of conscience" alongside the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the National Civil Rights Museum. 4Visitors to the Freedom Center are experiencing the meaning of freedom and the role that Cincinnati had in the history of the Underground Railroad. 5The museum sits on a piece of land just steps from the Ohio River which played an important role as the dividing line between freedom and human enslavement. 6In fact, the principal artifact at the museum is the Sl

part 2 Part 2 is the sentence that has an error in punctuation. The word "it's" should be replaced with "its." Apostrophes are used in contractions. In this case "its" is not a contraction for "it is." The proper word to use would be "its."

1As many seafood lovers know, buying seafood isn't as simple as it used to be. 2According to the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch, many marine species are either endangered or threatened, overfishing is an escalating problem. 3Between overfishing, oil spills, climate change, and other human activities, not a single portion of the ocean remains unaffected. 4In fact, a pack of radio-active bluefin tuna recently migrated to the Pacific Ocean from Japan. 5The tuna, already Japan's most expensive fish, had harmful levels of radio-active cesium, an outcome of Japan's devastating earthquake. 6As a species, bluefin are also substantially overfished. 7To avoid contributing to the problem of overfishing, ask chefs and seafood markets about sustainable options. 8For instance, request albacore tuna instead of bluefin tuna, or stick to sustainable farmed seafood like U.S. Farm-Raised Catfish. 9Buying American-farmed catfis

part 2 Part 2 is a run-on sentence. "According to the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch, many marine species are either endangered or threatened, overfishing is an escalating problem." The highlighted part should be a new sentence or should be connected to the rest of the sentence by a semicolon.

1Over 200,000 tons of dried, farmed, tropical seaweed are produced every year. 2The majority of the world's red seaweed is farmed by nearly 60,000 family farmers in Africa, the Philippines, and Indonesia. 3These families apply sustainable farming techniques that helps to protect and preserve the habitats where they farm. 4Seaweed farming is one of the most environmentally friendly types of aquaculture. 5Tropical carrageenan cultivation utilizes no chemical treatments, such as fertilizers. 6Seaweed farms help to preserve coral reefs by providing a sheltered habitat for local species of fish and invertebrates, which increases diversity where the seaweed is grown. 7Furthermore seaweed farming does not cause major physical landscape or seascape changes and can serve to mediate greenhouse gas emissions and excess nitrogen in the water that causes harmful algae blooms. 8Carrageenan is extracted from red seaweed with min

part 3 "These families apply sustainable farming techniques that helps to protect and preserve the habitats where they farm." The highlighted word must be changed to "help" to agree with the plural word "techniques."

1People sometimes read that there was once an ancient global civilization of great knowledge and power that disappeared without a trace. 2This hypothetical civilization is often identified with Plato's Atlantis, which was said to have sunk beneath the waves over 12,000 years ago. 3Many writers have tried to find evidence for the existence of Atlantis; and it is still a popular theme for alternative historians. 4Is there any solid evidence for this lost civilization? 5One of the most widely quoted pieces of evidence is the presence of pyramids, on both sides of the Atlantic. 6Massive pyramids are found not only in Egypt, but also in Central and South America. 7Recently, too, it has been claimed that there are pyramids in Serbia and China (though these claims have been disputed). 8It is argued that the pyramids must have been built by survivors of a lost civilization who were scattered over the world after their homel

part 3 Part 3 best states the theme of the selection. The theme is the search for evidence of Atlantis. Part 4 adds to the statement of the theme.

1The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center opened to the public on August 3, 2004, with the mission of "reveal[ing] stories about freedom heroes, from the era of the Underground Railroad to contemporary times, challenging and inspiring everyone to take courageous steps for freedom today." 2This is an awesome task that comes to fruition in an awe-inspiring series of exhibits in it's museum in downtown Cincinnati. 3It is what can be called a "museum of conscience" alongside the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and the National Civil Rights Museum. 4Visitors to the Freedom Center are experiencing the meaning of freedom and the role that Cincinnati had in the history of the Underground Railroad. 5The museum sits on a piece of land just steps from the Ohio River which played an important role as the dividing line between freedom and human enslavement. 6In fact, the principal artifact at the museum is the Sl

part 4 "Visitors to the Freedom Center are experiencing the meaning of freedom and the role that Cincinnati had in the history of the Underground Railroad." The highlighted words are not correctly used. They should be replaced with "experience." The verb tense as it is written is resent progressive tense and so it shows action that is in progress. The correct tense is simple present tense.

1For people with diabetes, taking a multivitamin every day can mean much more than a little protection against the common cold. 2Research is finding that multivitamins can be the first line of defense against many different types of infections, including respiratory infections and influenza. 3"Once a person with diabetes gets an infection, it's much harder for them to get rid of it, and it can lead to dire consequences, even death," says Registered and Certified Dietitian-Nutritionist Debra Spector. 4"And since some diabetic patients don't normally respond well to treatment, prevention is key for them." 5Taking a special diabetes multivitamin, usually found in the diabetes section of a drugstore, not the vitamin section, allows you to be proactive with your health, and avoid nutrient deficiencies that can lead to problems. 6A year-long study among 130 patients, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, found

part 5 In part 5 there is a change in point of view from third person to second person. The phrase, "allows you to be proactive with your health" is in the second person while the rest of the selection is in the third person. The phrase would be better written, for example, as, "allows diabetics to be proactive with their health."

1Over 200,000 tons of dried, farmed, tropical seaweed are produced every year. 2The majority of the world's red seaweed is farmed by nearly 60,000 family farmers in Africa, the Philippines, and Indonesia. 3These families apply sustainable farming techniques that helps to protect and preserve the habitats where they farm. 4Seaweed farming is one of the most environmentally friendly types of aquaculture. 5Tropical carrageenan cultivation utilizes no chemical treatments, such as fertilizers. 6Seaweed farms help to preserve coral reefs by providing a sheltered habitat for local species of fish and invertebrates, which increases diversity where the seaweed is grown. 7Furthermore seaweed farming does not cause major physical landscape or seascape changes and can serve to mediate greenhouse gas emissions and excess nitrogen in the water that causes harmful algae blooms. 8Carrageenan is extracted from red seaweed with min

part 7: after "Furthermore" Because the word is used at the beginning of the sentence as an introductory word, a comma should be inserted after it. Introductory words like however, still, furthermore, and meanwhile create continuity from one sentence to the next.

1As many seafood lovers know, buying seafood isn't as simple as it used to be. 2According to the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch, many marine species are either endangered or threatened, overfishing is an escalating problem. 3Between overfishing, oil spills, climate change, and other human activities, not a single portion of the ocean remains unaffected. 4In fact, a pack of radio-active bluefin tuna recently migrated to the Pacific Ocean from Japan. 5The tuna, already Japan's most expensive fish, had harmful levels of radio-active cesium, an outcome of Japan's devastating earthquake. 6As a species, bluefin are also substantially overfished. 7To avoid contributing to the problem of overfishing, ask chefs and seafood markets about sustainable options. 8For instance, request albacore tuna instead of bluefin tuna, or stick to sustainable farmed seafood like U.S. Farm-Raised Catfish. 9Buying American-farmed catfis

parts 4 and 5: "radio-active" should be changed to "radioactive" The proper spelling is "radioactive." Putting a hyphen between the two words changes the meaning entirely.

Directions: In the sentence below, select the best choice for the underlined portion. The active child was bouncing, throwing and toss. toss to toss tossing tosses

tossing Parallelism is similarity, a close likeness. Since "bouncing" and "throwing" end in -ing, "toss" must as well.

In response to uncertain economic times and rising unemployment, Americans are cutting back on medical care, including doctors' appointments, preventive tests and prescription drugs. According to a recent poll by the Kaiser Family Foundation, 47 percent of Americans report that a family member has sacrificed medical care because of the cost. More than one-third says they or a family member have delayed care, and 30 percent say they have skipped a recommended test or treatment. Short-term care cutbacks, however, could lead to more medical problems and higher spending in the long run. Forgoing necessary medications to treat chronic conditions or diseases could lead to more serious complications and even hospitalization. Now, more than ever, people need assistance in taking care of their health and the health of their families. Resources such as prescription assistance programs can help uninsured Americans better aff

who Who and whoever are used as subjects. Whom and whomever are for objects.In this sentence, who is the subject for the linking verb, are. Before a verb, who or whoever would be correct.