Networking Essentials - TCP/IP - Questions & Problems

Convert the number 65 to its binary equivalent.

01000001

Convert Ox5AF3 to binary.

0101101011110011

Convert the number 96 to its binary equivalent.

01100001

What are the four layers of the TCP/IP model?

1. Application 2. Transport 3. Internet 4. Network Interface

Define the purpose of a connection-oriented protocol. Give an example.

1. Establishes the network connection, manages the data transfer, and terminates the connection. a. Connection Oriented Protocol - Establishes a network connection, manages the delivery of data, and terminates the connection. 2. The TCP (Transport Control Protocol) protocol within the TCP/IP transport layer. a. TCP protocol establishes a set of rules or guidelines for establishing the connection.

Which three packets are exchanged between two hosts when establishing a TCP connection?

1. SYN - (Synchronizing Packet) 2. SYN ACK - (Synchronizing Acknowledgement Packet) 3. ACK- (Acknowledgement Packet)

What is a connectionless protocol? Give an example.

1. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) Protocol is a connectionless protocol. 2. UDP packets are transported over the network without a connection being established and without any acknowledgment that the data packets arrived at the destination.

Convert the number 192 to its binary equivalent.

11000000

What is the equivalent hexadecimal number for 13?

1101

Convert the following 8-bit binary number to decimal: 10010011 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1 1 - 0 - 0 - 1 - 0 - 0 - 1 - 1

147

Convert the following octet to decimal: 11000000 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1 1 - 1 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

192

What is the IP address range for Class C addresses?

192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

How many network and host bits are in a Class C network address?

24 Network bits and 8 Host Bits

Convert the following 8-bit number to decimal: 11111100 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 0 - 0

252

Convert the following binary number to decimal: 11111111 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 8 - 4 - 2 - 1 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1

255

What is the purpose of an ARP request?

A BROADCAST message is sent to all networking devices asking which network interface has the specific IP address detailed in the ARP query that was sent. a. ARP - is used to resolve an IP address to a hardware address for final delivery of data packets to the destination. ARP issues a query in a network called an ARP request asking which network interface has this IP address

Explain how a host knows whether a data packet was not received.

A SYN ACK packet is sent back to the host- The ACK is an acknowledgement that Host B received the pack from Host A. There is a number attached to the ACK with a value of (x+1) [where "x" is the SEQ (Sequence Number).] that should be the sum of the SEQ# from packet 1 plus the length (LEN) of packet 1.

The IP address is typically expressed in which format for the user?

A dotted-decimal format.

What is the purpose of an ARP reply?

A reply from the host assigned the IP address replies with an ARP reply. a. ARP Reply - The protocol that contains the hardware address (MAC address) for the destination host that sent the ARP request.

What are well-known ports?

Also known as "reserve ports", which are ports 1 - 1023 that are reserved by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers).

Which layer of the TCP/IP model processes requests from hosts to ensure a connection is made to the appropriate port?

Application Layer

Convert 1011011011110001 to hexadecimal.

B6F1

How many bits are in an IPv4 address? How many octets?

Bits - 32, Octets - 4

The IP address 192.168.12.2 is an example of which format?

Dotted decimal format and is a Class C network.

The network interface layer of the TCP/IP model defines how the host connects to which network?

Ethernet, Token-Ring network, or a router connected to a frame relay wide area network. a. Not dictated by the TCP/IP protocol b. Every TCP/IP data packet must have a destination and source MAC address in the TCP/IP header.

When is IGMP used?

IGMP is used when multicasting (when one host wants to send data to many destination hosts). The source doesn't care whether the destination receives a packet. a. Example - Steaming audio and video files over the internet.

What is the purpose of the Internet layer in the TCP/IP protocol suite?

It defines the protocols used for addressing and routing the data packets. I. Examples - IP, ARP, ICMP, & IGMP.

Can private IP addresses be routed?

No, They are Non- Internet Routable IP Addresses and not routed on the internet

Which important networking-troubleshooting tool is part of ICMP, and how does it test a network connection?

Ping - Packet Internet Groper a. The ping command uses a series of echo requests, and the networking device receiving the echo requests responds with a series of echo replies to test a network connection.

What is the purpose of Class D IP addresses?

Reserved for Multicast groups

What is the purpose of a sequence number (SEQ=) in TCP data packets?

SEQ (Sequence Number) is used to keep track of the data packets being transferred from Host A to Host B.

What is the purpose of a private IP address?

Set aside for private use. Not used for Internet data traffic but are intended to be used specifically on internal networks called intranets.

Which organization assigns IP addresses for North America?

The ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers)

Describe how a TCP connection is terminated.

The host sends a FIN (Finish) packet to the other connected host. 1. Host B sends a FIN packet to Host A indicating the data transmission is complete. 2. Host A responds with an ACK packet acknowledging the reception of the FIN packet. 3. Host A then sends Host B a FIN packet indicating that the connection is being terminated. 4. Host B replies with an ACK packet.

How are private IP addresses handled on the Internet?

They are blocked by the ISP.

Identify the port numbers for the following applications: a. Telnet b. HTTP c. FTP d. DNS e. DHCP

a. 23 b. 80 c. 20, 21 d. 53 e. 67, 68

How many network bits are in each of the following classes? a. Class A b. Class B c. Class C

a. 8 Network bits and 24 Host Bits b. 16 Network bits and 16 Host Bits c. 24 Network bits and 8 Host Bits