Networking Lesson 3: Addressing

prefix length

- alternative method of identifying a subnet mask - number of bits set to 1 in the subnet mask. It is written in "slash notation", which is noted by a forward slash (/) followed by the number of bits set to 1

Adresses

- each contain 32 bits

OUI

- unique 6 hexadecimal code called the organizationally unique identifier

three criteria for a network address

It has the same subnet mask as the network address. • It has the same network bits as the network address, as indicated by the subnet mask. • It is located on the same broadcast domain as other hosts with the same network address

media independent (characteristics of IP)

Operation is independent of the medium (i.e., copper, fiber-optic, or wireless) carrying the data

Network address (192.168.10.0)

The logical AND operation between the IPv4 address and subnet mask results in an IPv4 network address shown in dotted decimal and binary formats.

destination IP

can only be a unicast address, because the packet can only originate from a single source

Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC)

consists of a 48-bit binary value

connectionless (characteristics of IP)

no connection with the destination established before sending data packets

IPv4 host address (192.168.10.10)

the IPv4 address of the host in dotted decimal and binary formats

ether. mac

- 48 bit address using 12 hexadecimal digits - 6 bytes long - unique

ethernet MAC address

- 48-bit address expressed using 12 hexadecimal digits - 6 bytes in length.

the subnet maske _____ actually contain the _____ of an IPv4 address, it just tells the computer _____ for the part of the IPv4 address

1. does not 2. network or host portion 3. where to look

A host determines its _____ by performing an _____ between its IPv4 address and its _____

1. network address 2. AND operation 3. subnet mask

three types of IP addresses

1. network address 2. host addresses 3. broadcast address

host addresses

addresses that can be assigned to a device such as a host computer, laptop, smart phone, web camera, printer, router, etc.

octets

bits that are divided into 4 sections

ethernet lan

every network device is connected to the same, shared media

what devices use binary?

hosts, servers, and all networking devices that use PIv4 to identify each other

IPv4 address

split into network and host portion bits within the network portion must be identical for all devices that reside in the same network - bits within the host portion of the address must be unique to identify a specific host within a network

ANDing

the actual process used to identify the network portion and host portion

logical AND

the comparison of two bits (chart)

In networking, IPv4 addresses are represented using,_____

the decimal base ten number system and the binary base 2 number system

all MAC addresses must be _____ to the ethernet device or ethernet interface

unique

network address

A network address is an address that represents a specific network

vender

assigns a mac address to a device

bits

binary digits (0s and 1s)

Ethernet addresses are represented using,_____

the hexadecimal base sixteen number system

Subnet mask (255.255.255.0)

the subnet mask of the host in dotted decimal and binary formats.

binary works off the decimal base 2 notational system

this means that the number 2 calculated with an exponent based on it's position will determine the positions value

best effort (characteristics of IP)

IP is inherently unreliable because packet delivery is not guaranteed

destination MAC address

MAC address of the destination device NIC

source MAC address

MAC address of the source device NIC

binary charts

- a chart has 8 rows - each row represents one one bit within a byte - IPv4 address has 32 bits which means this chart would repeat 4 times to determine the value of each octet or byte

binary

- a computer language - the binary number system is base 2, using only bits 0 and 1

converting a binary IPv4 address to its dotted decimal equivalent

- divide the IPv4 address into four 8-bit octets - apply the binary positional value to the first octet binary number and calculate accordingly

ethernet lan

- every network device is connected to the same, shared media - the MAC address is used to identify the physical source and destination devices (NICs) on the local network segment.

unicast

- one device sending a message to one other device in one-to-one communications - has a destination IP address that is a unicast address which goes to a single recipient

IP (Internet Protocol)

- protocol with low overhead provides only the functions that are necessary to deliver a packet from a source to a destination over an interconnected system of networks t he protocol was not designed to track and manage the flow of packets. These functions, are performed by other protocols at other layers, primarily TCP at Layer 4.

IPv4 subnet

- used to differentiate the network portion from the host portion of an IPv4 address - just tells the computer where to look for the part of the IPv4 address that is the network portion and which part is the host portion

subnet mask

- used to identify the network/host portion of the IPv4 address - requires: default gateway

MAC Addressing

- used to identify the physical source and destination devices (NICs) on the local network segment - MAC addressing provides a method for device identification at the data link layer of the OSI model

broadcast address

- used when it is required to reach all devices on the IPv4 network - cannot be assigned to a device

hexadecimal numbering

- uses the numbers 0 to 9 and the letters A to F - a single hexadecimal digit represents four binary bits therefore, a 48-bit Ethernet MAC address can be expressed using only 12 hexadecimal values

default gateway

- who are you talking/looking for? - 1st IP you own - used to reach remote networks

host bits

- will differ and must be unique - host addresses can have any combination of bits in the host portion except for all 0 bits (this would be a network address) or all 1 bits (this would be a broadcast address)

broascast trasnsmission

a device sending a message to all the devices on a network in one-to-all communications - has a destination IP address with all ones (1s) in the host portion, or 32 one (1) bits

IPv4 addresses are expressed in,______

dotted decimal notation