NFS 1110 Test 2

a.using carbonated mixers.

All of these factors will decrease peak blood concentrations of alcohol except Select one: a.using carbonated mixers. b.no answer is correct. c.being male. d.having food in the stomach. e.weighing more.

e.Is present in a food protein in the smallest amount relative to the body's needs

A limiting amino acid: a.Does not supply the element nitrogen b.Is used mainly to synthesize non-protein molecules c.Is not used by the body during protein synthesis d.No answer is correct e.Is present in a food protein in the smallest amount relative to the body's needs

b.biological value.

A measure of protein quality determined by comparing the amount of nitrogen retained in the body with the amount absorbed from the diet is called the: Select one: a.net protein utilization. b.biological value. c.no answer is correct. d.chemical score. e.protein efficiency ratio.

f.Only plant foods

A vegan vegetarian diet may be low in vitamin B12, Fe, Ca, and zinc. A vegan eats .... a.No answer is correct b.No eggs or meat, but milk and dairy foods c.No beef or chicken products, but eats seafood d.Only seafood e.Only vegetables f.Only plant foods

a.Attracting fluid

Albumin in blood prevents edema. How does it help regulate fluid balance? a.Attracting fluid b.Reducing blood pressure c.No answer is correct d.Two answers are correct

c.acetaldehyde

Alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to Select one: a.fatty acids b.energy c.acetaldehyde d.no answer is correct e.NADH

b.7

Alcohol provides _____ kcal per gram. Select one: a.4 b.7 c.12 d.no answer is correct e.9

e.essential.

Amino acids that cannot be made by the adult human body are termed: Select one: a.incomplete. b.hydrolyzable. c.complete. d.no answer is correct. e.essential.

e.drinking enough alcohol to cause memory loss.

Blackout drinking is Select one: a.no answer is correct. b.drinking enough alcohol to lose consciousness. c.drinking enough alcohol to be arrested for driving under the influence. d.drinking enough alcohol to impair vision. e.drinking enough alcohol to cause memory loss.

d.intestine.

Chylocmicrons are formed in the: Select one: a.blood. b.liver. c.lymph. d.intestine. e.no answer is correct.

c.eicosanoids.

Essential fatty acids can be used by the body to synthesize: Select one: a.vitamin D. b.cholesterol. c.eicosanoids. d.phosphoglycerides. e.no answer is correct.

d.are triggered by incompletely digested proteins.

Food Allergies: Select one: a.are rare in infants. b.cause skin symptoms only. c.no answer is correct. d.are triggered by incompletely digested proteins. e.are worse the first time the offending food is eaten.

a.is absorbed without being completely digested.

Food allergies can result when a protein in the diet: Select one: a.is absorbed without being completely digested. b.no answer is correct. c.is filtered out of the blood and into the urine. d.provides amino acids that are not normally found in the human body. e.is not absorbed and is eliminated in the feces.

d.all of these choices are correct.

Foods containing fat replacers: Select one: a.provide less fat and kcalories. b.are not necessarily nutrient dense. c.no answer is correct. d.all of these choices are correct. e.cause fat soluble vitamins to be poorly absorbed.

d.denaturation.

Heating a protein causes: Select one: a.deamination. b.transamination. c.all of these. d.denaturation. e.none of these.

d.Combining two plant proteins, rice and beans, will provide the essential amino acids needed.

How are protein needs met through complementation? Select one: a.The body must produce the amino acids to complement the protein needed. b.Any plant proteins can be combined to provide the essential amino acids needed. c.A protein of animal origin must complement the plant source of protein. d.Combining two plant proteins, rice and beans, will provide the essential amino acids needed. e.No answer is correct.

d.It can reduce the risk for heart disease.

How might light to moderate alcohol consumption reduce mortality? Select one: a.It contributes to fat metabolism. b.It alters estrogen metabolism. c.No answer is correct. d.It can reduce the risk for heart disease. e.It helps to lower LDL cholesterol.

a.Small intestine

In what part of the body is a majority of alcohol absorbed? Select one: a.Small intestine b.Large intestine c.No answer is correct d.Mouth e.Stomach

c.General starvation - protein deficiency

Marasmus is equivalent to --------------------------and Kwashiorkor occurs when there is --------------------------- . a.Protein deficiency - calorie deficiency b.Two answers are correct c.General starvation - protein deficiency d.Wasting away - carbohydrate deficiency e.No answer is correct

b.anabolic.

Metabolic reactions that build molecules and body structures are referred to as: Select one: a.catabolic. b.anabolic. c.deamination reactions. d.hydrolytic. e.no answer is correct.

e.carbon.

Nutrients classified as "organic molecules" have a molecular structure which contains the element: Select one: a.oxygen. b.sulfur. c.no answer is correct. d.nitrogen. e.carbon.

c.all of these statements are correct.

Obtaining protein from plant foods may be advantageous because plant foods: Select one: a.may lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. b.are typically good sources of fiber. c.all of these statements are correct. d.no answer is correct. e.may contain healthy poly- and mono- unsaturated fats.

d.declined as a proportion of total kcalories consumed.

Over the past 40 years, the fat intake of Americans has: Select one: a.significantly declined, resulting in less obesity. b.risen significantly. c.no answer is correct. d.declined as a proportion of total kcalories consumed. e.declined as people tend to cook at home more frequently.

b.Aspartame

People with an inborn error of metabolism called PKU must limit their intake of foods containing: a.Tyrosine b.Aspartame c.No answer is correct d.Glutamic acid e.Monosodium glutamate f.Two answers are correct

c.Vegan vegetarians

__________________ are at increased risk of not getting adequate vitamin B12 in their diet. Select one: a.Adolescent males (pre-puberty) b.Trained athletes c.Vegan vegetarians d.Pregnant and lactating women e.Lacto-ovo vegetarians

e.alter the three-dimensional shape of a protein.

Protein denaturation can: Select one: a.break the peptide bonds holding a protein together. b.alter the sequence of amino acids in a protein. c.decrease the nutritional value of a protein. d.no answer is correct. e.alter the three-dimensional shape of a protein.

e.how efficiently a protein in the diet can be used to make body proteins.

Protein quality is determined by: Select one: a.the biological activity of the actin and myosin filaments in meat products. b.comparing the non-essential amino acid profile in a food with that in a reference protein. c.no answer is correct. d.the ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids present in a food. e.how efficiently a protein in the diet can be used to make body proteins.

a.wasting and increased susceptibility to infection.

Protein-energy malnutrition is characterized by: Select one: a.wasting and increased susceptibility to infection. b.hyperglycemia. c.excessive urinary output. d.no answer is correct. e.increased susceptibility to food allergies.

c.HDLs.

Reverse cholesterol transport is accomplished by: Select one: a.LDLs. b.VLDLs. c.HDLs. d.no answer is correct. e.chylomicrons.

b.30 percent

Sarah consumed 2000 calories with 67 grams of fat. What is the percentage of kilocalories from fat in her diet? Select one: a.20 percent b.30 percent c.No answer is correct. d.35 percent e.25 percent

b.the time of day the meal is consumed.

Stomach emptying is affected by all of the following EXCEPT: Select one: a.the nutrient composition of a meal. b.the time of day the meal is consumed. c.no answer is correct - all of these affect stomach emptying d.the meal consistency (liquid versus solid). e.emotional states (sadness, anger, stress).

d.reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Studies show that light to moderate drinking Select one: a.no answer is correct. b.increases the risk of cancer. c.reduces the risk of cancer. d.reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke. e.increases the risk of heart disease and stroke

c.is highest for 1-3 year olds.

The AMDR for fat intake: Select one: a.increases over the life cycle. b.no answer is correct. c.is highest for 1-3 year olds. d.is constant throughout the life cycle. e.is highest during adolescence.

c.a concentration gradient.

The absorption of nutrients by simple diffusion requires: Select one: a.no answer is correct b.all of these choices are correct c.a concentration gradient. d.energy. e.a carrier molecule.

e.amino acids.

The basic building blocks of proteins are: Select one: a.sterols. b.monosaccharides. c.ketone bodies. d.no answer is correct. e.amino acids.

c.mouth; anus

The digestive tract begins at the _________ and ends at the _________. Select one: a.no answer is correct b.esophageal sphincter; pylorus c.mouth; anus d.mouth; transverse colon e.esophagus; small intestine

c.urea.

The end-products of carbohydrate catabolism includes all of the following EXCEPT: Select one: a.energy (ATP). b.no answer is correct - the end-products of CHO metabolism include all of these. c.urea. d.water. e.carbon dioxide.

e.UREA

The following is a waste product resulting from the deamination of amino acids: a.None of the above b.ACID c.All of the above d.ATP e.UREA

a.to break fat into small globules.

The function of bile in triglyceride digestion is: Select one: a.to break fat into small globules. b.no answer is correct. c.to bind and transport lipids in the blood. d.facilitate the formation of chylomicrons. e.to hydrolyze (split) the bond that attaches fatty acids to glycerol.

d.liver.

The hepatic portal circulation carries nutrients from the small intestine to the: Select one: a.brain. b.kidneys. c.no answer is correct. d.liver. e.stomach.

c.Liver

The most physiologic effects of alcohol occurs on which of the following organs? Select one: a.Heart b.Small intestine c.Liver d.Stomach e.No answer is correct

e.all of these statements are true.

The oxidation of LDLs: Select one: a.recruits macrophages with scavenger receptors to the site. b.results in the formation of foam cells. c.no answer is correct. d.increases inflammation. e.all of these statements are true.

b.help clear triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins in the blood.

The primary function of lipoprotein lipase is to: Select one: a.convert nonessential fatty acids into essential fatty acids. b.help clear triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins in the blood. c.convert cis fatty acids into trans fatty acids. d.no answer is correct. e.transport lipids through the blood.

d.small intestine.

The primary site of nutrient absorption is the: Select one: a.liver. b.large intestine. c.transverse colon. d.small intestine. e.stomach.

c.grains and vegetables.

The primary source of protein for most of the world's population is: Select one: a.no answer is correct. b.meat. c.grains and vegetables. d.dairy. e.fruits.

c.DNA found in the nucleus of cells.

The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by Select one: a.GI tract peptidases. b.random interactions between free amino acids in the cytoplasm of cells. c.DNA found in the nucleus of cells. d.the types of food proteins that a person consumes.

d.pyloric

The sphincter that regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is the __________ sphincter. Select one: a.anal b.no answer is correct c.gastroesophageal d.pyloric e.celiac

d.a viscous mucus layer.

The stomach wall is protected from the acidity of the gastric juice by: Select one: a.no answer is correct. b.the action of gastrin. c.pancreatic secretions. d.a viscous mucus layer. e.the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

a.moves through the digestive tract.

Transit time is the rate at which food: Select one: a.moves through the digestive tract. b.is swallowed. c.is broken down into chyme. d.no answer is correct. e.is absorbed into the blood.

c.They are low in one or more essential amino acids

Vegetable proteins are considered to be of lower quality than animal proteins because a.They lack all essential amino acids b.No answer is correct c.They are low in one or more essential amino acids d.The amino acids are arranged differently

e.Lysozyme

What enzyme prevents bacterial growth in the mouth? Select one: a.Lipase b.Amylase c.Bacteriocidase d.No answer is correct e.Lysozyme

a.An injury to the artery wall.

What initially causes an atherosclerotic plaque to begin developing? Select one: a.An injury to the artery wall. b.Low blood pressure. c.An essential fatty acid deficiency. d.All of these choices are correct.

a.Genes provide the code to synthesize proteins.

What is role of genes in synthesizing protein? Select one: a.Genes provide the code to synthesize proteins. b.Genes must be obtained from the food supply. c.Genes prevent protein degradation. d.No answer is correct. e.Genes maintain a constant supply of amino acids.

c.active transport

What is the name of the process that transports substances across a cell membrane with the aid of a carrier and energy expenditure? Select one: a.no answer is correct b.simple diffusion c.active transport d.passive diffusion e.osmosis

c.The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in the diet is important in regulating body processes.

What is true about omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids? Select one: a.They are used to extend the shelf-life of processed foods. b.No answer is correct. c.The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in the diet is important in regulating body processes. d.Omega-6 fatty acids are abundant in fish oil. e.They are needed to synthesize vitamin D in the skin.

a.Protein complementation

When combined, foods with incomplete proteins can provide adequate amounts of all essential amino acids. This practice is called: a.Protein complementation b.Protein grouping c.Protein combining d.No answer is correct e.Protein pairing

b.ethanol

Which molecule is found in alcoholic beverages? Select one: a.no answer is correct b.ethanol c.propanol d.methanol e.isopropanol

a.Fiber

Which nutrient is found in plant protein foods but not in animal protein foods? Select one: a.Fiber b.Zinc c.No answer is correct. d.Calcium e.Iron

b.Saturated fat

Which nutrient(s) found in animal protein foods is not found in plant protein foods? Select one: a.All of these nutrients are found in plant protein foods b.Saturated fat c.Phytochemicals d.B vitamins e.None of these nutrients are found in plant protein foods

b.Cheese

Which of the following foods provides all of the essential amino acids in the correct amounts to support growth and maintenance? a.Whole wheat b.Cheese c.Rice d.No answer is correct e.Red beans

c.All of these functions are performed by proteins

Which of the following functions is performed by proteins in the body? Select one: a.Immunity b.None of these functions are performed by proteins c.All of these functions are performed by proteins d.Structure e.Transport

b.Women have lower activities of the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.

Which of the following hypotheses explains why women become more intoxicated after consuming less alcohol than men? Select one: a.No answer is correct. b.Women have lower activities of the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. c.Men have a relatively higher fat mass than women. d.Men have higher bone density than women. e.Women have a higher amount of body water than men.

d.Chyme

Which of the following is NOT a product released by the GI tract? Select one: a.Hormones b.Mucus c.Enzymes d.Chyme e.No answer is correct - all of these are released by the GI tract

c.The main function is absorption.

Which of the following is NOT true of the stomach? Select one: a.Parietal cells in gastric pits produce hydrochloric acid. b.It produces pepsinogen. c.The main function is absorption. d.It has 3 layers of smooth muscle. e.All of these statements about the stomach are true.

c.all of these choices

Which of the following is a physiological effect of chronic alcohol consumption? Select one: a.cirrhosis b.alcoholic hepatitis c.all of these choices d.fatty liver e.malnutrition

d.Micelles

Which of the following is formed in the LUMEN of the small intestine during lipid digestion? Select one: a.Chylomicrons b.LDL particles c.no answer is correct d.Micelles e.Cis fatty acids

d.LDL receptors

Which of the following is required for cells to take up low-density lipoproteins? Select one: a.Lipoprotein lipase b.Insulin c.Homocysteine d.LDL receptors e.No answer is correct

e.They accelerate the rate of chemical reactions.

Which of the following statements is true about enzymes? Select one: a.They cause muscles to contract and propel the food through the digestive tract. b.They are changed during the chemical reactions. c.They lubricate, moisten, and protect cells from harsh environments. d.No answer is correct. e.They accelerate the rate of chemical reactions.

c.Polypeptide

Which of the following terms can be used to describe a protein? Select one: a.Branched amino acid chain b.Polysaccharide c.Polypeptide d.No answer is correct e.Monopeptide

a.A high-carbohydrate meal

Which one of the following meals will leave out of the stomach the quickest? Select one: a.A high-carbohydrate meal b.A high-fat meal c.A high calorie meal with alcoholic beverages d.A high calorie meal e.A high-protein meal

a.In the presence of oxygen, nutrients are broken down to form carbon dioxide, water, ATP.

Which one of the following statements describes cellular respiration? Select one: a.In the presence of oxygen, nutrients are broken down to form carbon dioxide, water, ATP. b.The metabolic pathway uses the energy from ATP to form smaller molecules. c.Glucose is passed down a chain of molecules to form carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. d.Oxygen produced by the cells is transported to the lungs where it is eliminated in the exhaled air. e.No answer is correct.

e.Pancreas

Which organ produces the lipase enzyme that accomplishes the bulk of lipid digestion? Select one: a.Liver b.Stomach c.Gall bladder d.Mouth e.Pancreas

d.As the percent of Kcalories from alcohol increases, the risk of deficiency increases.

Which statement about the nutritional impact of alcohol is correct? Select one: a.Alcohol contains B vitamins, so it is an acceptable substitute for grain products. b.No answer is correct. c.Alcohol is typically substituted for fat in the diet. d.As the percent of Kcalories from alcohol increases, the risk of deficiency increases. e.Alcohol provides few Kcalories, so its consumption may lead people to be deficient in energy.

a.Ribosome and tRNA

Which structure(s) is/are involved in protein translation? Select one: a.Ribosome and tRNA b.Mitochondria c.Nucleus and nucleosome d.No answer is correct. e.Plasma membrane and trans-Golgi.

a.the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause.

Women tend to develop heart disease later than men because: Select one: a.the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause. b.women tend to consume more trans fatty acids than men. c.women have a greater density of blood vessels than men which helps blood to circulate more efficiently. d.women have lower levels of HDLs compared to men. e.no answer is correct.

e.Essential

__________ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body. Select one: a.Saturated b.No answer is correct c.Nonessential d.Short chain e.Essential