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Czar

A Russian emperor

Three Gorges Dam

A barrier built on the Chang Jiang to control floods.

Archipelago

A chain of islands

Steppe

A large plain of a dry grassland

One-child policy

A program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China.

Socialism

A system in which the goverment control all economic resources

Mao Zedong

Chinese Communist leader from 1949 to 1976.

Gobi Desert

One of the worlds largest deserts, covers part of China and present-day Mongolia.

Semiarid

Somewhat dry, with very little rainfall

Peat

The material from very old dead plants that burns like coal

Confucianism

The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.

Famine

a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death

Samurai

a skilled japanese warrior

Communisim

a system of government in which a single political part y controls both the government and the ecomnoy

Tundra

flat treeless land found in artic and subartic regions

Bullet train

high speed trains that travel at speeds over 100-200 mph, invented in japan

Permafrost

permanently frozen ground

Fertility Rate

the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime in a population

Dynastic Cycle

the historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties

Taiga

the large forest area that stretches through northern Russia, Canada and other northern countries