NS II Exam 3 - Multiple Choice
What is true about split brain patients? I. They can't name any objects they see J. They can't learn the name of new objects K. Only object in the right visual field can be described but not named L. Only object in the left visual field can be described but not named
L.
1. Deep sleep 2. Motor output is normally blocked, EEG looks fairly similar to wake 3. Most restorative 4. expression of sleep spindles 5. EEG shows largest amplitude and lowest frequency waves 6. expression of K-complexes 7. Dreams including night terrors, and when being woken up most disruptive 8. Phase of slowest heart and breathing rate 9. Vivid dream and rapid eye movements 10. `Phase of most irregular respiratory and heart rhythm Stage 2_________________________________________________________ Stage 3 and 4______________________________ REM__________________________________________
Stage 2______6,4___________________________________________________ Stage 3 and 4___8,7,5,3,1___________________________ REM____10, 9, 2______________________________________
)What is the function of Broca's Area? a. Planning what one wants to say, and how to say it (encoding of language) b. Planning the muscle movements that need to be carried out to say something c. Comprehending the meaning of what is heard or said d. Sending motor control signals directly to lower motor control circuits for speech
a.
Ashley has trouble writing so that people can actually read her handwriting, and she has trouble holding the pencil and staying in the lines, what disorder may she most likely have? a) Dysgraphia b) Dyslexia c) Broca's aphasia d) Wernicke's aphasia
a.
At what time is melatonin production highest in the pineal gland? A. 2-4 AM B. 7-8 AM C. 6-8 PM D. 9-11 PM
a.
Brain scans of people with PTSD will show a reduced activity in which area that is known to suppress the activity of the amygdala if a situation is not actually dangerous? a. Frontal cortex b. Hippocampus c. Sensory Cortices d. Hypothalamus
a.
Damage to the amygdala can result in the following impairments except: a. Difficulties with decision making b. Inability to experience fear c. Inability to recognize happy facial expressions d. Inability to recognize fearful facial expressions
a.
Fear is associated with which system? a. The sympathetic nervous system b. The nigra-striatal system c. The parasympathetic nervous system d. The lower motor neuron system
a.
In general ________and ________are more active in language than any other brain region. e. Frontal, Temporal f. Hypothalamus, Frontal g. Parietal, Temporal h. Temporal, Hypothalamus
a.
Is the left or right hemisphere of the brain is associated with Wernicke's area and Broca's area? a. Left Hemisphere b. Right Hemisphere
a.
Someone tells you that the person in front of you has Wernicke's Aphasia. What do you expect? a. The overall sentence structure and grammar may well be just fine, but nothing makes sense what they are saying b. If you explain what is going on, they certainly will understand that there is an issue with communication c. The person can comprehend what they are saying d. b and c
a.
The SCN of the hypothalamus regulates waking and sleeping by controlling activity levels in another critical brain area for the control of sleep. Which area is that? a. The pineal gland b. Pituitary gland c. Endocrine gland d. Exocrine gland
a.
The perception and how we interpret our surrounding is influenced by emotion a. True b. False
a.
True or False: The same brain areas for the production and comprehension of semantics for spoken language are active for sign language. a. True b. False c. Neither- The brain areas for comprehension of semantics are the same, but the areas for production of semantics are not. d. Neither- The brain areas for production of semantics are the same, but the areas for comprehension of semantics are not.
a.
True or False: When learning a second language both languages are encoded within similar brain regions? a. True b. False
a.
What age marks the beginning of the nervous system being developed so that the child builds a framework for more complex language? a. 2 years: 150-300 words, 2-3 word sentences b. 3 years: 900-1,000 words. asks short questions c. 4 years: 2,000 words, 5+ word sentences d. 5 year: identifies letters, creates longer sentences
a.
What can be said about low intensity stimulation of neurons? a.) It can actually weaken synapse strength b.) It does not weak nor strengthen synapse strength, no synaptic changes take place c.) It increases synapse strength d.) None of the above
a.
What is Apraxia of speech (AOS) characterized by? a.) characterized by impaired motor planning/programming b.) characterized by impaired language planning/encoding c.) characterized by impairment of comprehension of language d.) characterized by impairment of auditory processing of sounds
a.
What is Wernicke's Aphasia? a. difficulty to comprehend the semantics and meaning of the spoken language b. difficulty putting thoughts into words c. related to damages of the connection between Broca's and Wernicke's d. difficulty learning to write (lesions or dysfunctions of the cerebellum or other cortical regions & disturbance in motor control at the level of the corticospinal motor pathway)
a.
What is not involved with Broca's aphasia? a. Not being aware of that there is a communication problem b. Disordered syntax c. Halting speech d. Tendency to repeat phrases or words
a.
What time are melatonin levels the highest? a. Early morning around 3-4 AM b. Afternoon c. Shortly after falling asleep at night d. Before you go to sleep
a.
Which brain structure is important for learning and declarative memory? A. Hippocampus B. Brain Stem C. cerebellum D. none of the above
a.
Which is an example of the function of the right hemisphere in regard to speech? a. Someone who is angry is speaking loudly to express distaste b. Someone interprets the meaning of a specific vocabulary incorrectly c. Someone is planning how to formulate a grammatically correct sentence d. b and c
a.
Which of the following facilitates a sleep rhythm? a. Light b. Temperature c. Nutrients d. Behavior
a.
Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic nervous system? a) Dialate pupils b) Decrease heartbeat c) Stimulate salivation d) Stimulate digestion
a.
Which of the following is true about the neurotransmitters that the visceral nervous system uses? a) The visceral nervous system uses a variety of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, epinephrine, acetylcholine and neuropeptides b) The sympathetic nervous system mainly uses epinephrine, while the parasympathetic nervous system mainly uses norepinephrine c) Only the parasympathetic nervous system uses epinephrine and norepinephrine d) a and b e) a and c
a.
Which of these is a typical trait of narcissism? a. Lack of empathy b. Risk taking behaviors c. Shallow emotions d. Lack of guilt
a.
Which statement best describes what the limbic system is doing? a. It is the system that processes, controls, and expresses mood b. It is the system that controls adrenaline excretion as a hormone c. It is the system that controls memory processing d. It is the system that elicits fear responses
a.
_____ is a disorder categorized by difficulties in learning to have a nice handwriting. a. Dysgraphia b. Conduction aphasia c. Aprosodia d. Apraxia of speech
a.
A class mate of yours gets better grades then you, but has frequently difficulties with pronouncing words, misses even the most obvious spelling mistakes, and when watching a foreign move with subtitle, constantly rewinds the movie. From what you learned in NS2002, what might be the problem? a) your friend may have dysgraphia b) your friend may have dyslexia c) your friend needs to learn to take better attention d) your friend may have apraxia of language
b.
A person falls directly into REM sleep from being awake. What may be going on? A. This is totally normal B. Narcolepsy C. The person may have been too long awake due to insomnia D. A and C
b.
All of the following occur during sleep EXCEPT: a. Memory consolidation b. Decrease in growth hormones c. Increase in extracellular space d. Replenishing of glycogens
b.
Daily cycles are entrained by light so therefore, how is light detected for this function? a. Via cone and rod photoreceptor cells b. Via ganglion cells c. Optic chiasm d. Superior cervical ganglion
b.
Damages to the _______ hemisphere and can generally cause ____________. a. Right, sign aphasias b. Right, difficulties with emotional content of language c. Left, difficulties with emotional content
b.
In terms of emotions, what can lesions in the left hemisphere lead to? a. Loss of negative emotions b. Loss of positive emotions c. Being overly cheerful and inappropriately optimistic d. A and C
b.
Someone tells you that the person in front of you has Broca's Aphasia. What do you expect? a. The person can't comprehend what you are saying to them b. The person is likely aware of the deficit and might be frustrated c. The person cannot speak, but can produce language in other forms just fine d. What the person is trying to say doesn't have any meaning because the person doesn't comprehend what they are saying
b.
Someone tells you that the person in front of you has Broca's Aphasia. What do you expect? a. The person likely cannot comprehend what you are saying to them b. The person does likely realize that there is a communication problem c. The person can simply use sign and/or written language to compensate for the speech deficits d. b and c
b.
Someone tells you that the person in front of you has Dysarthria. What do you expect? a. The person is not aware of the language barrier. b. The person can't speak, but still can sign or otherwise communicate c. Whatever the person is communicating doesn't make any sense at all d. The person can't comprehend what you are saying.
b.
What is the Brain Region responsible for being the body's internal clock? a. The pituitary gland b. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus c. Pineal Gland d. Hippocampus
b.
Which area of the brain accounts for the expression of stereotypic somatic fear expression? a) Amygdala b) Hypothalamus c) Orbital/Medial prefontal cortex d) Motor cortex
b.
Which hemisphere is responsible for processing the meaning of simple sounds and perfect pitch? The L hemisphere The R hemisphere
b.
Which of the following is False Regarding the stages of sleep? A. Deep sleep stages become fewer and shorter throughout the night B. EEG's of REM sleep are very different than EEG's done when the patient is awake C. Stage 3 and 4 sleep are characterized by slowing of heart rate, breathing rate and low frequency brain waves D. All of the above E. None of the above
b.
Which of the following is not a result of long-term drug addiction? a. Reduction in responsiveness of accumbens neurons to glutamate b. Reduction of serotonin release from substania nigra pars compacta c. Reduction of dopamine release in response to normally rewarding stimuli d. Increase in dopamine release in response to addictive substance
b.
Which of the following is not in the left temporal cortex of the brain? a. Wernicke's area b. Broca's area c. Primary auditory cortex d. Secondary auditory cortex
b.
Which of the following statements is false? a) Damage to the left hemisphere affects the comprehension and production of language and writing b) The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language semantic production and comprehension c) Broca's aphasia is an effect of damages to the left frontal lobe that affects overall language production d) Wernicke's area is an effect of damages to the left temporal lobe that affects overall language comprehension.
b.
Which statement is correct about the brain of bilinguals? a. Different languages are encoded within different brain areas within the temporal lobe b. Brain areas other than the temporal lobe are responsible for switching between languages c. The temporal lobe is responsible for monitoring which language is being used d. All of the above
b.
You have a patient with a severed corpus callosum how do you expect them to explain an object viewed on their right-hand side of their visual field? a) They can be described, but the patient does not know the name of the object b) The patient can identify the object by name c) The patient is unable to identify or describe the object being viewed d) None of the above
b.
______ is characterized by impaired motor planning/programming a. Wernicke's aphasia b. Apraxia of speech c. Aprosodia d. Broca's aphasia
b.
Apraxia of speech associated with? a. Affects the comprehension of speech b. Inability to use any means of communication c. The motor planning of speech doesn't work d. Descending motor pathways are damaged
c,
)A patient with Wernicke's aphasia will have which of the following symptoms described? a) They can't speak in full sentences and without grammar mistakes b) They may repeat words over and over again c) The patient is unable to comprehend what is being said to them d) The patient cannot hear what you are saying
c.
After a severe stroke, a patient is taken to the hospital. While the patient survives, their language and speech processing is significantly impaired. They are able to speak fluently, but their speech is characterized by contrived or inappropriate words that don't contribute to the overall meaning of what they are trying to say. They nod and seem like they understand what doctors tell them, but they are unable to repeat anything that they've said or heard. What hemisphere of the brain is most likely damaged? a. Right temporal hemisphere b. Right frontal hemisphere c. Left temporal hemisphere d. Medial hemisphere
c.
How do marine mammals, such as dolphins that spend their lives underwater, solve the problem of how to not drown while being asleep? a) By waking up every so often so they can come to the surface and breath b) They have local motor control ciruits that let them automatically survace while they are fully asleep when their blood oxygen level falls below a certain threshold c) Only half of their brain sleeps at one time d) They sleep on the surface of the water, explaining why dolphins tend to get hit by boats
c.
If someone listens to very soothing music which puts a person (who was stressed out before) into a much more relaxed state of mind, what happened? a) Only the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system changed; it is upregulated b) Only the activity of the sympathetic nervous system changed; it is downregulated c) The parasympathetic nervous system is upregulated while the sympathetic nervous system is downregulated d) The parasympathetic nervous system is downregulated while the sympathetic nervous system is upregulated
c.
On what level is there a malfunction in fear extinction in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? a. Hypothalmus b. Hippocampus c. Amygdala d. Basal ganglia
c.
Someone tells you that the person in front of you has Wernicke's Aphasia. What do you expect? a. The person can't form full sentences b. The person can comprehend what they are saying c. Whatever the person says will likely make no sense at all d. If you explain to this person what is going on, they will comprehend that.
c.
What stage of sleep do vivid dreams occur in? a. Stage one b. Stage two c. REM
c.
Which of the following is not a sign of Broca's aphasia? a. Halting speech b. Tendency to repeat words or phrases c. Comprehension not intact d. Difficulty of putting thought into words
c.
Which stages are included in deep sleep? a. I and II b. II and III c. III and IV d. IV and REM Sleep
c.
Which statement describes best what happens during sleep? a. It is a state of enhanced sensory sensitivity b. It is a state throughout which the brain is very inactive c. It is a state during which there is an enhancement of proper folding of proteins d. During this state growth hormones are decreased
c.
Which was not found in the experiments conducted by R.W. Doty on the fear response of primates where they prevented visual input from one eye to reach the amygdala they left intact? a. The amygdala must have access to visual input to produce a fear response to visual stimuli b. Fear responses can include anger and anxiety c. Visual stimuli sent to the amygdala is the only way to produce a fear response d. Tactile stimuli can produce a fear response in primates without an intact visual system
c.
The visceral nervous system has the following divisions a) Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system b) Enteric Nervous System c) Somatic motor control d) a and b e) all of the above
d.
What are the brain areas involved in the comprehension and production of language? a. Temporal lobe b. Somatosensory cortex c. Pre-frontal lobe d. All of the above
d.
What distinguishes the function of the hypothalamus from that of the amygdala? a. The hypothalamus is responsible for expressing positive emotions, while the amygdala is responsible for expressing negative emotions b. The hypothalamus controls the autonomic nervous system while the amygdala is involved in more intricate circuits with the frontal lobe that influence decision making c. The hypothalamus alone can trigger autonomic expressions of emotions, while the amygdala sends info to the hypothalamus to express these. d. B and C
d.
What does contribute to becoming tired and wanting to go to sleep? A. Increase in body temperature B. Increase in temperature of the brain C. Increasing stimulation D. Accumulation of adenosine and prostaglandin
d.
What does it mean to have facial motor paresis? a) Not being able to automatically smile as an expression of emotions b) Not being able to smile when someone tells you to c) Not being able to voluntarily control facial muscles d) B and C
d.
What is a characteristic of REM sleep? A. Rapid eye movements during sleep B. Increased heart rate C. Vivid dreams D. All of the above
d.
What is meant by the learning principle, Principle of Practice, for guiding treatment of neurological damages? a) Neural pathways that are not engaged in activity will deteriorate b) Use it or lose it c) Neural pathways that are not engaged in activity will be taken over by other pathways d) All of the above
d.
What is someone who shows traits of psychopathy diagnosed with a. Psychopathy b. Sociopathy c. Narcissism d. Antisocial personality disorder
d.
What is the best description of what the amygdala is involved in? a. Processing of facial features to recognize people b. Processing of positive emotions c. Controlling the sympathetic nervous system d. The processing of information to elicit fear and aggression
d.
What may happen when we are sleep deprived? a) we may judge situations (which we otherwise can handle) incorrectly b) our reaction time may be about as long as when being moderately drunk c) we may loose weight even though we eat more than usual d) all of the above
d.
Which brain area is involved in the processing and expression of emotions via promoting reward seeking behavior? a. Hypothalamus b. Cerebellum c. Substantia nigra pars compacta d. Ventral Basal Ganglia e. C and D
d.
Which of the following are symptoms of dyslexia? a. Inability to comprehend what is being read even when given plenty of time to read. b. Difficulty with phonological awareness of spoken language c. Difficulties with writing and pronouncing words d. Both B and C.
d.
Which of the following does not happen during sleep? a. Proper folding of proteins b. Replenishing brain glycogens c. Growth Hormones Increased d. Increased energy need
d.
Which of the following is NOT a long-term effect of drug/alcohol use on the brain? a. Reduction of dopamine release in response to naturally rewarding stimuli b. Increase of dopamine release in response to the addictive substance c. Reduction of responsiveness to glutamate in the nucleus accumbens d. Enhancement of responsiveness to glutamate in the nucleus accumbens
d.
Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic nervous system? a) Contracting the external sphincter of the urinary tract to prevent urine leakage b) Relaxes urinary bladder c) Constricts blood vessels of distal limbs d) Stimulates nutrient uptake or reuptake such as glycogen synthesis
d.
Which of the following is a primary reason that humans and animals need to sleep? a. Sleep is important for memory consolidation b. Energy conservation c. Maintenance of homeostasis d. All of the above
d.
Which of the following people would show the MOST empathy if any? a) Someone who has Narcissistic Personality Disorder b) Someone who has antisocial personality disorder c) Someone who shows sociopathy d) None of the above are particularly good in showing empathy
d.
Which part of the brain is responsible for processing the prosody of speech and emotional content of language? a. Left hemisphere b. Broca's area c. Wernicke's area d. Right hemisphere
d.
Which statement about the enteric nervous system is correct? a) The function of its local sensory neurons is to monitor mechanical and chemical conditions b) The function if its local interneurons is to integrate information and control local motor neurons c) Its function is to control blood circulation throughout the body d) a and b e) All of the above
d.
At which stage does night terrors, sleep-walking and sleep-talking occur? a. Stage I b. Stage II c. Stage III d. Stage IV e. Both C&D
e.
What is agraphia associated with? e. Inability to develop a nice handwriting f. Inability to speak g. Inability to have a meaningful conversation h. Inability to read
e.
Which brain area is NEEDED to TRIGGER a conditioned fear response to a sound after successful conditioning? a. Amygdala b. Medial Geniculate Nucleus of Thalamus c. Auditory Cortex d. Frontal cortex e. Both A and B
e.
What is not involved with Wernicke's aphasia? E. Fluent speech F. Being well aware of that there is a communication problem G. Syntax adequate H. Grammar adequate
f.
What can damage to the right temporal lobe usually cause? M. Aprosodia N. Wernicke's aphasia O. Broca's aphasia P. Conduction aphasia
m.
NREM/REM cycle occurs how often? a. Every 30 seconds b. 20-40 minutes c. Every hour d. About every 90-100 Minutes
d.
Sleep disorder that occurs only during deep sleep, and afflicted often end up waking in a new spot a. REM sleep disorder b. Sleep Apnea c. Possession by a Demon d. Sleep Walking
d.
Sleep makes animals vulnerable, but at least some animals have an interesting way of getting around that. One of these is the Dolphin. What could you find if you would record brain activity in this animal? a. At no time does the brain activity show high amplitude and low frequency waves. b. Every time when the dolphin comes to the surface to breath air, its brain activity indicates that the dolphin is fully awake. c. The brain activity of the dolphin only shows characteristic waveforms of sleep if it is floating at the surface of the water. d. Sometimes when the dolphin comes to the water surface, there is a difference in the waveforms of its brain activity between the left and the right side of its brain.
d.
The Amygdala is involved in processing what emotion? a. Fear b. Anger c. Anxiety d. All of the Above
d.
The amygdala receives input from all of the following except a. Thalamus b. Prefrontal and temporal cortices c. Sensory cortical areas d. Cerebellum e. Actually it receives critical input from all of the above
d.
The basal ganglia is involved in what aspect of emotion? a. Eliciting fear response and fear conditioning b. Eliciting voluntary emotional expressions c. Eliciting involuntary emotional expression d. Selecting wanted behaviors
d.
The hypothalamus receives its main input from... a. The thalamus b. The amygdala c. The sensory cortices (processed sensory information) d. B and C e. All of the above
d.
The limbic system includes all of the following except: a) amygdala b) Hippocamous c) Cingulate Gyrus d) Parietal Cortex
d.
The patient has conduction aphasia, which of the following is associated with the problems that they have? a. Comprehension and speech production is intact b. Unable to produce appropriate responses to communication that they hear c. Difficulty repeating words or sentences after they have heard them d. All of the above
d.
The right temporal cortex does a) Processing negative emotions (tendentially) b) Primary processing of sounds c) Processing the meaning of sounds d) All of the above
d.
A parent takes their child to the sleep clinic complaining that they often find the child talking, moving around, and even yelling in their sleep, almost as if they are awake. It seems to occur more often LATER in the night and into the morning, and the child can usually recall what they thought they were doing when asked the following morning. What is most likely the problem? a. Sleepwalking b. Sleep Paralysis c. Night Terrors d. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
d.
A patient with Broca's aphasia will have which of the following symptoms described? a) They can't comprehend what someone says to them b) The patient cannot hear what you are saying c) They are not aware of that what they are saying doesn't make any sense d) They may be quite frustrated because they can't put their thoughts into words and know that
d.
After a severe stroke, a patient is taken to the hospital. While the patient survives, their language and speech processing is significantly impaired. They are able to speak fluently and their grammar is fine, but their speech is characterized by contrived or inappropriate words that don't contribute to the overall meaning of what they appear to attempt to convey. They nod and on the surface act like they understand what doctors tell them, but they are unable to respond properly to what they have heard. What type of Aphasia does the patient most likely have? a. Broca's Aphasia b. Wernicke's Aphasia c. Dysarthria d. Apraxia of Speech
d.
Based on the way how our brain works, some people may argue that "negative" feelings such as anger, fear and anxiety are more strongly rooted in us. Why is that? a. The right hemisphere is thought to be more strongly engaged in the processing of emotions b. The left hemisphere is often more strongly engaged in the processing of emotions c. The left hemisphere tends to process negative emotions d. B and C
d.
In REM sleep, muscle activity of limb muscles is ________ and blood pressure _________. a. blocked, decreases b. Actively inhibited, decreases c. increased, increases d. Actively inhibited, increases
d.
Martha has Dyslexia, a disorder involving written. Which of the following symptoms is NOT correct? a. Reduced reading speed b. Reduced reading comprehension c. Difficulty processing and manipulating sounds of speech d. Inconsistency in letter and word spacing
d.
