NSG 325 Final Practice Questions

A nurse is talking with parents of a 12‑year‑old child. Which of the following issues verbalized by the parents should the nurse identify as the priority? A. "We just don't understand why our son can't keep up with the other kids in simple activities like running and jumping." B. "Our son keeps trying to find ways around our household rules. He always wants to make deals with us." C."We think our son is trying too hard to excel in math just to get the top grades in his class." D."Our son is always afraid the kids in school will laugh at him because he likes to sing."

A

The client who would be least likely to participate in health teaching activities would choose which model? a. Clinical model b. Adaptive model c. Role performance model d. Eudaimonistic model

A

A 2-year-old child has hives. Of the following items ingested, which is most likely to have caused the allergic reaction? a. Apple juice b. Oatmeal raisin cookies c. Jelly sandwich d. Banana

ANS: B Oatmeal raisin cookies are most likely to have caused the allergic reaction. Nuts are a food that is likely to cause allergic reactions, and oatmeal raisin cookies often contain nut products.

The client who is taking prescribed _____ would require preconception management to minimize the potential for drug-related birth defects. a. antiemetics b. antiepileptics c. iron d. non-narcotic analgesics

ANS: B Oral antiepileptic medications require preconception management to minimize potential birth defects and minimize health problems.

A person reports that she has been seeking care from an acupuncturist to help relieve the chronic pain that she has been experiencing. Which of the following statements would be the most appropriate response from the nurse? a. You should have told me that the current treatments were helping your pain. b. Tell me more about your treatments from the acupuncturist. c. Tell me why you decided to not to continue with your treatment plan. d. You should not be seeing an acupuncturist while receiving professional care.

ANS: B Through a culturally sensitive assessment process, nurses can determine what specific remedies individuals are using and whether their continued use would interfere with the prescribed method. The nurse asking the person to describe the treatments from the acupuncturist allows the nurse to learn this information. The other responses demonstrate an ethnocentric perspective by the nurse, viewing the treatments from the acupuncturist as inferior to professional care.

A -year-old toddler is in for an office visit. He was born at 6 pounds, 10 ounces. At todays visit, the nurse expects his weight to be: a. 13 pounds, 4 ounces. b. 19 pounds, 14 ounces. c. 26 pounds, 8 ounces. d. 33 pounds, 2 ounces.

ANS: C Birth weight usually quadruples by years of age: 6 pounds, 10 ounces 4 = 26 pounds 8 ounces.

Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness? a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia c. Someone with a headache d. Someone with coronary artery disease without angina

ANS: C Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjective experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described as a response characterized by a mismatch between a persons needs and the resources available to meet those needs. A person can have a disease without feeling ill. The other choices represent disease.

During which week would pregnancy begin to pose health concerns for the fetus? a. 36 weeks b. 38 weeks c. 40 weeks d. 42 weeks

ANS: D When pregnancy continues beyond 42 weeks, or 2 weeks beyond the calculated due date, placental function decreases even more, posing concerns about the well-being of the fetus.

A nurse is discussing the purpose of regulatory agencies during a staff meeting. Which of the following tasks should the nurse identify as the responsibility of state licensing boards? A. Monitoring evidence‑based practice for clients who have a specific diagnosis B. Ensuring that health care providers comply with regulations C. Setting quality standards for accreditation of health care facilities D. Determining if medications are safe for administration to clients

B

A nurse is caring for a 20‑year‑old client who is sexually active and has come to the college health clinic for a first‑time checkup. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform first to determine the client's need for health promotion and disease prevention? A. Measure vital signs. B. Encourage HIV screening. C. Determine risk factors. D. Instruct the client

C

A mother tells the nurse that her 2‑year‑old toddler has temper tantrums and says "no" every time the mother tries to help her get dressed. The nurse should recognize, the toddler is manifesting which of the following stages of development? A. Trying to increase her independence B. Developing a sense of trust C. Establishing a new identity D. Attempting to master a skill

a

A nurse in a health clinic is caring for a 21‑year‑old client who reports a sore throat. The client tells the nurse that he has not seen a doctor since high school. Which of the following health screenings should the nurse expect the provider to perform for this client? A. Testicular examination B. Blood glucose C. Fecal occult blood D. Prostate‑specific antigen

a

A nurse is advocating for local leaders to place a newly approved community health clinic in an area of the city that has fewer resources than other areas. The nurse is advocating for the leaders to uphold which of the following ethical principles? A. Distributive justice B. Fidelity C. Respect for autonomy D. Veracity

a

A nurse is caring for a client who has left‑sided hemiplegia resulting from a cerebrovascular accident. The client works as a carpenter and is now experiencing a situational role change based on physical limitations. The client is the primary wage earner in the family. Which of the following describes the client's role problem? A. Role conflict B. Role overload C. Role ambiguity D. Role strain

a

Chronic illness (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis) may affect a person's roles and responsibilities during middle adulthood. When assessing the health-related knowledge base of both the middle-age patient with a chronic illness and his family, your assessment includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. The medical course of the illness b. The prognosis for the patient c. Socioeconomic status d. Coping mechanisms of the patient and family e. The need for community and social services

abde

Using Healthy People 2020 as a guide, which of the following would improve delivery of care to a community? (Select all that apply.) a. Community assessment b. Implementation of public health policies c. Home safety assessment d. Increased access to care. e. Determining rates of specific illnesses

abde

The nurse caring for the infant in the community setting observes for which of the following passive manifestations of abuse? (select all that apply) a. Poor nutrition b. Neglected visits to primary care providers c. Soft tissue injuries d. Fractures in varying stages of healing e. Emotional neglect

abe

What are the two main types of dementia in older adults? (select two that apply) a. Multiinfarct dementia b. Parkinson-related dementia c. Alzheimer's disease d. Lewy body dementia e. Huntington disease

ac

What biological risk factors may be an issue when working with families? (select all that apply) a. Genetic inheritance b. Stress and anxiety c. Congenital malformation d. Mental retardation e. Water pollution

acd

Which of the following are possible outcomes with clear family communication? (Select all that apply.) a. Family goals b. Increased socialization c. Decision making d. Methods of discipline e. Improved education f. Impaired coping

acd

A nurse is talking with an older adult client about improving her nutritional status. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.) A. Increase protein intake to increase muscle mass. B. Decrease fluid intake to prevent urinary incontinence. C. Increase calcium intake to prevent osteoporosis. D. Limit sodium intake to prevent edema. E. Increase fiber intake to prevent constipation.

acde

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is linked to which of the following factors? (Select all that apply.) a. Alcohol abuse b. Marriage c. Pregnancy d. Unemployment e. Drug use

acde

Which of the following actions should the nurse take when using the communication technique of active listening? (Select all that apply.) A. Use an open posture. B. Write down what the client says to avoid forgetting details. C. Establish and maintain eye contact. D. Nod in agreement with the client throughout the conversation. E. Respond positively when giving feedback.

ace

Which of the following agencies or initiatives have been driving forces in health care reform and the prevention of disease in society? (select all that apply) a. Healthy People b. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act c. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare d. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act e. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

ace

Which of the following physical activities are most appropriate for the preschool age group? (select all that apply) a. Ring around the Rosy b. Watching television c. Electronic video games d. Tee ball e. Paintball

ad

A patient is worried about her 76 year old grandmother who is in very good health and wants to live at home. The patient's concerns are related to her grandmother's safety. The neighborhood does not have a lot of crime. Using this scenario, which of the following are the most relevant to assess for safety? a. Crime rate, locks, lighting, neighborhood traffic b. Lighting, locks, clutter, medications c. Crime rate, medications, support system, clutter d. Locks, lighting, neighborhood traffic, crime rate

b

A patient who is hospitalized has just been diagnosed with diabetes. He is going to need to learn how to give himself injections. Which teaching method does the nurse use? a. Simulation b. Demonstration c. Group instruction d. One-on-one discussion

b

Nurses caring for the toddler population instruct parents that one of the leading causes of visits to health care providers is: a. amblyopia. b. otitis media. c. burns. d. neglect.

b

The nurse is performing an initial antepartal assessment on a woman who has missed two periods. Assessment of this woman for alcohol consumption is best determined by the: a. CAGE test. b. T-ACE test. c. non-stress test. d. protein dipstick test.

b

What two groups comprise emerging populations in the United States? (select two that apply) a. Older Americans b. Ethnic minorities c. Homeless d. Baby boomers

bc

The nurse, teaching a class to primiparas about risk factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), explains that prevention strategies include: (select all that apply) a. Prone sleeping position b. Supine sleeping position c. Postnatal smoking d. Sleeping on soft surfaces e. Sleeping on firmer surface f. Overwrapping the baby g. Allowing the baby to sleep with the parents h. Breast-feeding the baby

beh

A 50-year-old woman has elevated serum cholesterol levels that increase her risk for cardiovascular disease. One method to control this risk factor is to identify current diet trends and describe dietary changes to reduce the risk. This nursing activity is a form of: a. Referral. b. Counseling. c. Health education. d. Stress-management techniques.

c

A nurse is caring for a client awaiting transport to the surgical suite for a coronary artery bypass graft. Just as the transport team arrives, the nurse takes the client's vital signs and notes an elevation in blood pressure and heart rate. The nurse should recognize this response as which part of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? A. Exhaustion stage B. Resistance stage C. Alarm reaction D. Recovery reaction

c

A nurse is counseling a young adult who describes having difficulty dealing with several issues. Which of the following client statements should the nurse identify as the priority to assess further? A. "I have my own apartment now, but it's not easy living away from my parents." B. "It's been so stressful for me to even think about having my own family." C."I don't even know who I am yet, and now I'm supposed to know what to do." D."My girlfriend is pregnant, and I don't think I have what it takes to be a good father."

c

A nurse is talking with the parent of a 4‑year‑old child who states that his child is waking up at night with nightmares. Which of the following interventions should the nurse suggest? A. Offer the child a large snack before bedtime. B. Allow the child to watch an extra 30 min of TV in the evening. C. Have the child take an afternoon nap. D. Increase physical activity

c

According to Erikson, what is the developmental task of toddlers? a. Doubt b. Shame c. Autonomy d. Preoperational

c

During the 1-month well-baby visit, a pediatric nurse explains to the mother that she should expect to hear babbling in her infant by: a. 2 months. b. 4 months. c. 6 months. d. 9 months.

c

The nurse is teaching parents about typical sleep disturbances of the preschooler. Which recommendation would the nurse make to the parents? a. Bedtime rituals of 1 hour or more should decrease sleep disturbances b. Frightening television shows and stories should be banned before bedtime c. Parents should help the child differentiate between "pretend" and "real" occurrences d. When the child has night wakening events, reassurance occurs when the child is taken to the parent's bed

c

Which of the following diseases are Arab Americans at the highest risk for? a. colon cancer. b. hypertension. c. adult-onset diabetes. d. end-stage renal disease.

c

Which of the following family assessments are most important for successful family caregiving? (Select all that apply.) a. Educational level of family members b. Cultural food preferences c. Collaboration between family members d. Social support e. Conflict resolution practices

cde

A 34-year-old female executive has a job with frequent deadlines. She notes that, when the deadlines appear, she has a tendency to eat high-fat, high-carbohydrate foods. She also explains that she gets frequent headaches and stomach pain during these deadlines. The nurse provides a number of options for the executive, and she chooses yoga. In this scenario yoga is used as a (n): a. Outpatient referral. b. Counseling technique. c. Health promotion activity. d. Stress-management technique.

d

A new mother asks the nurse when the baby's anterior fontanel will close. The nurse explains that it will close at: a. 2 months. b. 6 months. c. 12 months. d. 18 months.

d

Older adults frequently experience a change in sexual activity. Which best explains this change? a. The need to touch and be touched is decreased. b. The sexual preferences of older adults are not as diverse. c. Physical changes usually do not affect sexual functioning. d. Frequency and opportunities for sexual activity may decline.

d

The nurse incorporates epidemiological findings in assessing for risks associated with intimate partner violence, which include: a. adequate economic resources. b. equal job position of the partners. c. both partners achieved college graduation. d. differences in prestige associated with the partners' careers

d

The nurse is completing an admission assessment with an 80-yearold man who experienced a hip fracture following a fall. He is alert, lives alone, and has very poor hygiene. He reports a 20-pound weight loss in the last 6 months following his wife's death, as well as estrangement from his only child. He admits to falls before this most recent fall. What should the nurse suspect? a. Dementia. b. Elder abuse. c. Delirium. d. Alcohol abuse.

d

The nurse provides educational information to the female adolescent on decreasing the incidence of acne, which includes: a. "Decrease chocolate intake in your diet." b. "Expose your face to sunlight at least 2 hours per day." c. "Remove all pustules and papules with special instruments." d. "Wash your face with soap and water two to three times per day."

d

A nurse is acquainting a group of newly licensed nurses with the roles of the various members of the health care team they will encounter on a medical‑surgical unit. When she gives examples of the types of tasks certified nursing assistants (CNAs) may perform, which of the following client activities should she include? (Select all that apply.) A. Bathing B. Ambulating C. Toileting D. Determining pain level E. Measuring vital signs

ABCE

The university health services nurse is preparing a disease prevention program for college students. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the program? a. Living in the dorm increases ones risk of developing meningococcal disease. b. The mortality rate from meningococcal disease is very low. c. There are no antiviral medications that can treat meningococcal outbreaks. d. A vaccine for meningococcal disease has not been developed.

ANS: A Although most outbreaks of meningococcal disease are sporadic, young adults living in dormitories or crowded conditions may be more susceptible than young adults not living in close settings. Meningococcal disease has a high mortality rate. It is caused by a bacterium, not a virus, and antibiotics to treat the disease are readily available. A preventive vaccine is available.

According to the American Heart Association, at what age should blood pressure screening begin? a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 12

ANS: A Blood pressure screening should begin at 3 years of age and should be measured annually.

A nurse who is new to the area wants to get a feel for the community she will be working with. Which of the following would be the best way for the nurse to start learning about the community? a. Driving around the neighborhood b. Going door to door asking people about the community c. Searching online to obtain population statistics d. Talking to the police captain at the local police department

ANS: A Community nurses assess communities by observation, interview, and measurement. Driving around and observing the community uses ones senses to obtain information about the community, its health problems, and its strengths. This type of assessment (driving around and observing) gives the nurse an idea of how the community functions.

A nurse has received a grant to provide a community-based education series for middle-age adults. Which of the following topics would allow the nurse to have the greatest impact on the health of members of this age group? a. Diet and exercise b. Seat belt use c. Depression screening d. Cancer prevention

ANS: A Obesity is a major risk factor for heart disease, metabolic syndrome, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. An educational series devoted to discussing diet and exercise will have the greatest impact on health.

Which of the following would be described as a family structural component? a. Income earner of the house b. Socialization for the family c. Immunization of infants d. Launching of children

ANS: A Structural components of the family refer to family roles and relationships.

Which of the following best describes an abnormality in structure or function that occurs during fetal development? a. Congenital defect b. Genetic defect c. Embryonic defect d. Chromosomal defect

ANS: A During fetal development, an abnormality in structure or function is known as a congenital defect.

Which of the following toddlers would require further investigation from the nurse? a. Sitting quietly on a couch b. Experiencing a temper tantrum c. Playing with a toy next to another child also playing with a toy d. Exploring his environment and playing with new toys

ANS: A Toddlers are always busy. They spend most of their day playing and exploring their environment. Thus, a toddler sitting quietly is not an anticipated behavior and should be evaluated further.

A pregnant woman reports to the nurse that the first day of her last menstrual period was January 22. Using Ngeles rule, which of the following dates would be the most accurate estimated date of delivery? a. September 16 b. September 22 c. October 29 d. October 17

ANS: C An accurate estimated date of delivery is determined by using Ngeles rule. This is done by adding 7 days to the date of the first day of her last normal menstrual period and subtracting 3 months: 22 + 7 = 29. Subtracting 3 months from January is October. Thus, the estimated date would be October 29.

A nurse formed a political action committee to advocate for health insurance for the uninsured. On which of the following populations would the nurse focus the groups efforts? a. Asian Americans b. Blacks c. Hispanic Americans d. Working-poor White Americans

ANS: C Hispanic Americans are the largest minority group in the United States and have the highest uninsured rate.

A 35-year-old person asks the nurse working in a dermatology clinic what causes skin to wrinkle. Which of the following statements would be most appropriate way for the nurse to reply? a. There is really nothing you can do to prevent a lot of wrinkles. It is part of aging. b. As we age, we lose fat beneath the skin so wrinkles appear. There is nothing we can do to prevent it. c. Wrinkles appear for a number of reasons, including loss of fat beneath your skin and too much sun exposure. d. Wrinkles are caused by genetic factors.

ANS: C Loss of subcutaneous fat and collagen damage related to sun exposure cause wrinkles.

Which of the following foods will a 5-year-old child need help eating? a. Pudding b. Macaroni and cheese c. Chicken d. Jelly sandwich

ANS: C The preschooler will need help with the chicken. In the later preschool years, most children need help cutting meats.

A nurse is explaining the various types of health care coverage clients might have to a group of nursing students. Which of the following health care financing mechanisms are federally funded? (Select all that apply.) A. Preferred provider organization (PPO) B. Medicare C. Long‑term care insurance D. Exclusive provider organization (EPO) E. Medicaid

BE

. A nurse is caring for a client who states, "I have to check with my wife and see if she thinks I am ready to go home." The nurse replies, "How do you feel about going home today?" Which clarifying technique is the nurse using to enhance communication with the client? A. Pacing B. Reflecting C. Paraphrasing D. Restating

b

A 50-year-old male patient is seen in the clinic. He tells a nurse that he has recently lost his job and his wife of 26 years has asked for a divorce. He has a flat affect. Family history reveals that his father committed suicide at the age of 53. The nurse assesses for the following: a. Cardiovascular disease b. Depression c. Sexually transmitted infection d. Iron deficiency anemia

b

A nurse is caring for a client who is from a different culture than himself. When beginning the cultural assessment, which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Determine the client's perception of his current health status. B. Gather data about the client's cultural beliefs. C. Determine how the client's culture can affect the effectiveness of nursing actions. D. Gather information about previous client interactions with the health care system.

b

A nurse is counseling a middle adult client who describes having difficulty dealing with several issues. Which of the following client statements should the nurse identify as the priority to assess further? A. "I am struggling to accept that my parents are aging and need so much help." B. "It's been so stressful for me to think about having intimate relationships." C."I know I should volunteer my time for a good cause, but maybe I'm just selfish." D."I love my grandchildren, but my son expects me to relive my parenting days."

b

Which information about anthrax is correct? a. Anthrax is a viral infection. b. Anthrax can cause skin lesions or pneumonia. c. Anthrax is spread by person-to-person contact. d. Anthrax is treated by IV penicillin for 30 days.

b

A charge nurse is explaining the various stages of the lifespan to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following examples should the charge nurse should include as a developmental task for a young adult? A. Becoming actively involved in providing guidance to the next generation B. Adjusting to major changes in roles and relationships due to losses C. Devoting a great deal of time to establishing an occupation D. Finding oneself "sandwiched" between and being responsible for two generations

c

A nurse is teaching a group of young college-age women the importance of using sunscreen when going out in the sun. Which type of content is the nurse providing? a. Simulation b. Restoring health c. Coping with impaired function d. Health promotion and illness prevention

d

The nurse uses developmental theory by evaluating the family's: a. analysis of baseline data. b. rigid and permeable boundaries. c. structural and functional components. d. prospective tasks and progression through cycles.

d

A nurse manager is developing strategies to care for the increasing number of clients who have obesity. Which of the following actions should the nurse include as a primary health care strategy? A. Collaborating with providers to perform obesity screenings during routine office visits B. Ensuring the availability of specialized beds in rehabilitation centers for clients who have obesity C. Providing specialized intraoperative training regarding surgical treatments for obesity D. Educating acute care nurses on postoperative complications related to obesity

A

A nurse is explaining the various levels of health care services to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following examples of care or care settings should the nurse classify as tertiary care? (Select all that apply.) A. Intensive care unit B. Oncology treatment center C. Burn center D. Cardiac rehabilitation E. Home health care

ABC

A nurse is discussing restorative health care with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following examples should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Home health care B. Rehabilitation facilities C. Diagnostic centers D. Skilled nursing facilities E. Oncology centers

ABCD

A nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical‑surgical unit. For which of the following client care needs should the nurse initiate a referral for a social worker? (Select all that apply.) A. A client who has terminal cancer requests hospice care in her home. B. A client asks about community resources available for older adults. C. A client states that she wants her child baptized before surgery. D. A client requests an electric wheelchair for use after discharge. E. A client states that he does not understand how to use a nebulizer

ABD

A client who is postoperative following knee arthroplasty is concerned about the adverse effects of the medication he is receiving for pain management. Which of the following members of the interprofessional care team can assist the client in understanding the medication's effects? (Select all that apply.) A. Provider B. Certified nursing assistant C. Pharmacist D. Registered nurse E. Respiratory therapist

ACD

A 45-year-old client who has experienced a ten pound weight gain during the past year asks the nurse if she thinks iron supplements would help increase her energy. Which of the following would be the most appropriate action for the nurse to take? a. Ask the client to describe her daily activity and diet b. Leave a note requesting an iron supplement on the clients chart for the doctor c. Provide the client with information related to aerobic exercise classes d. Ask the client if she is still menstruating

ANS: A A lack of routine exercise and activity plus a diet high in calories contributes to weight gain and a lack of energy. The priority action by the nurse is assessment, which will reveal the reason for a lack of energy.

A 30-year-old woman with a BMI of 36 is counseled by the nurse regarding interventions to assist with weight reduction. In which order would the nurse discuss the implementation of these interventions? 1. Gastric stapling 2. Medication to reduce appetite 3. Nutrition and exercise education 4. Assessment of lipid profile and blood pressure a. 4, 3, 2, 1 b. 4, 2, 3, 1 c. 3, 4, 2, 1 d. 3, 2, 1, 4

ANS: A Assessment data must be complete before intervention. Diet and exercise are used first, and then pharmaceutical agents to reduce appetite. Bariatric surgery is used when all other options have failed.

A person states, My grandmother is the decision maker in our family. Which of the following is being described by the person? a. Culture b. Race c. Ethnicity d. Values

ANS: A Culture, as an element of ethnicity, refers to integrated patterns of human behavior that include the language, thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups. The term ethnicity encompasses more than a cultural practice, which is what is being described by the person; it focuses on differences in meanings, values, and ways of living. Race is associated with power and indexes the history or ongoing imposition of ones groups authority above another. Values are beliefs about the worth of something and serve as standards that influence behavior and thinking.

Which of the following illustrates that the objectives of health education and counseling have been met? a. Asthmatic who has a decrease in emergency department visits b. Asthmatic who has been prescribed an albuterol inhaler c. Asthmatic who attends an asthma education program d. Asthmatic who visits the emergency department with an exacerbation

ANS: A Health education encourages positive, informed changes in lifestyle behaviors that prevent acute and chronic disease, decrease disability, and enhance wellness. Two main objectives of health education and counseling are to change health behaviors and to improve health status. An asthmatic with a decrease in emergency department visits is an improvement in health status, which is a reflection of behavior changes used to prevent acute exacerbations of a chronic disease.

Which of the following statements made by a client best identifies someone who would benefit from health promotion interventions? a. I have a new grandchild and want to be part of her life. b. My mother lived until she was 90, so a long life is in my genes. c. Some chronic illness is just a part of aging. d. I hope Ill live a lot longer, but one never knows.

ANS: A Motivation to adopt a healthy lifestyle is a primary predictor of successful interventions. Feeling that illness is just part of aging or leaving health up to chance will not help the person make necessary lifestyle changes.

Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention? a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles b. Blood pressure screening c. Interventional cardiac catheterization d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization

ANS: A Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific protection and encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this definition. Blood pressure screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.

Which of the following behaviors is most reflective of a teenager? a. Riding an ATV without a helmet b. Not skiing for fear of falling and getting hurt c. Obeying a new parental rule without a challenge d. Walking away from a group of friends who are smoking cigarettes

ANS: A Teenagers are known for their risk-taking behaviors. They do not always consider the health risks associated with their behaviors. In addition, they often do things because their friends do it. Therefore, riding an ATV without a helmet and risking a head injury is most reflective of a teenagers behavior.

Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care? a. Clinical model b. Role performance model c. Adaptive model d. Eudaimonistic model

ANS: A The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health. People who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care.

A nurse would like to assist Americans in improving their health. Which strategy would be most beneficial to improve the health of the American public? a. Encourage Americans to stop smoking. b. Lobby for state-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging machines in all hospitals. c. Provide free medications for Americans. d. Offer free condoms to teenagers.

ANS: A The greatest opportunity to improve the health of the American people lies in addressing unhealthy, personal, behavioral risk factors. Intensive lifestyle changes can be effective not only in preventing chronic diseases, but also in reversing their progression and significantly reducing health care costs. Improvement of the publics health is more likely to come from behavior change than technology. Therefore, people deciding they are going to change their behavior and stop smoking are likely to lead to improvements in the health of the public.

Which of the following changes is experienced by the urinary system during pregnancy? a. Increased urinary output secondary to total body water increase b. Decreased bladder capacity c. Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) resulting from estrogen and progesterone surge d. Increased renal excretion of acidic drugs

ANS: A The urinary system undergoes dramatic changes during gestation. The changes include a 50% increase in GFR, an increase in the diameter of the ureters, and increase in urinary output related to total body water increase and an increase in bladder capacity.

A teenager has been using acne medications for the last 14 days. Her acne is no better, and in fact, it is a little worse. What information should the nurse offer this girl? a. Wash your face at least four times a day, making sure to scrub well. b. The medications can make acne appear worse at first; try to give it a few more weeks. c. Avoid all chocolate products. d. Because it is summertime, it would be good for your skin if you lie out in the sun for a few hours each day.

ANS: B Acne is common in adolescents. Evidence indicates that dietary restrictions for acne are unnecessary. Although washing with soap and water is the best way to remove dirt, vigorous scrubbing should be discouraged. Furthermore, although sunlight can have a beneficial effect on acne, prolonged exposure should be avoided. Topical acne products make acne appear worse initially, and improvement occurs slowly over several months. Nurses should provide this information to teenagers planning to use acne products, so they are not discouraged early in therapy.

Which of the following nursing diagnoses is a priority related to the problem of urinary incontinence? a. Risk for social isolation b. Risk for impaired skin integrity c. Risk for inadequate fluid intake d. Risk for impaired coping

ANS: B Although social isolation and decreased fluid intake may occur because of urinary incontinence, impaired skin integrity is a major concern because of its impact on physical and psychological health.

The president of the Parent-Teacher Association asks the school nurse about the appropriateness of sponsoring a health fair that focuses on oral health for school-age children. Which of the following statements indicates the nurses correct understanding of this issue? a. Dental problems are not as prevalent a problem as asthma, so you might want to consider a health fair about respiratory problems instead. b. Over 40% of children age 2 to 11 have dental caries, so a health fair that focuses on oral care is very appropriate. c. Children are not usually receptive to learning about dental care, so the topic is not the best choice for a health fair. d. This is not an appropriate focus for a health fair because the incidence of dental caries has dropped dramatically due to the use of sealants.

ANS: B Dental caries are present in up to 42% of children 2 to 11 years of age. Dental caries and other oral health issues remain a problem in the school-age population. Small gains have been made in number of children receiving sealants to prevent caries. Dental caries is the most common chronic disease of children 5 to 17 years of age, 4 times more prevalent than asthma.

A nurse is using a health education component when teaching about smoking cessation. Which of the following actions is the nurse implementing? a. Setting a quit date for people in a smoking cessation class b. Providing education regarding the benefits of smoking cessation c. Allowing smokers to participate in a smoking cessation program only if they use the patch nicotine replacement system d. Encouraging attendees of a smoking cessation program to participate in a research study

ANS: B Essential components of health education involve using teaching strategies, having learners maintain voluntary control over the decision to make changes in their actions, and focusing on behavior changes that have been found to improve heath. Providing smokers with the information regarding the benefits of smoking cessation allows them to make their own decision and provides them with information that is known to improve health.

A nurse has been asked to develop a visit plan for a mobile mammogram van. Which of the following considerations would be made by the nurse when deciding which neighborhoods to visit? a. Hispanic women have the highest rate of breast cancer of all minority groups in the United States. b. The death rate from breast cancer is higher in Hispanic women than for women in other ethnic groups. c. The death rate from breast cancer in Hispanic women has risen in the past 10 years. d. Breast cancer in Hispanic women is usually diagnosed at an early stage.

ANS: B Even though Hispanic women have a breast cancer rate approximately 40% lower than non-Hispanic White women, their death rate is higher and the cancer is diagnosed at a later stage.

A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a persons potential and is experienced within a developmental context is known as: a. growth and development. b. health. c. functioning. d. high-level wellness.

ANS: B Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a persons potential and is experienced within a developmental context.

A nurse is caring for a pregnant woman who has a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 27. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide the woman regarding weight gain during pregnancy? a. You should gain 11 to 20 pounds during your pregnancy. b. You should gain 15 to 25 pounds during your pregnancy. c. You should gain 25 to 35 pounds during your pregnancy. d. You should gain 28 to 40 pounds during your pregnancy.

ANS: B In 2009, the IOM released new weight gain guidelines that are based on revised BMI categories. Overweight women (BMI of 25 to 29.9) should gain 15 to 25 pounds. Healthy women at a normal weight for their height (BMI of 18.5 to 24.9) should gain 25 to 35 pounds. Underweight women (BMI less than 18.5) should gain 28 to 40 pounds. Obese women (BMI greater than 30) should limit their gain to 11 to 20 pounds.

1. Which of the following statements about ethnic minorities in the United States is accurate? a. It is estimated that the percentage of ethnic minorities will decrease during the next 30 years. b. It is estimated that ethnic minorities will increase to one in two by 2050. c. The increasing population of refugees has been a significant contributor to the increase in ethnic minorities. d. The increasing population of ethnic minorities has helped decrease the health disparities faced by this population.

ANS: B It is estimated that the number of ethnic minorities will increase to one in two by 2050. In 2010, it was estimated that 33% of the population was from an ethnic minority. The increasing population of immigrants has been a significant contributor to the increasing populations of major ethnic groups. The increasing populations of ethnic groups is one factor that is producing disparities in health status and access of the health care system.

Which of the following actions demonstrates a health care professional providing culturally competent care? a. Encouraging the person to take medications as prescribed b. Asking the person to describe his folk healing methods c. Demonstrating the proper way to administer an insulin injection d. Assisting the person with discussing his health problems with the family

ANS: B It is very important for health care providers to be aware of how people interpret their health issues or illnesses to be capable to provide culturally competent care. A culturally competent health care professional should be able to consistently and thoroughly recognize and understand the differences in his or her culture and that of the patient or client, to respect the persons values and beliefs, and adjust the approach of delivering care to meet each persons needs and expectations. Asking the person to describe his folk healing methods is the only action that demonstrates the health care professional seeking input from the person into the care that is received.

A parish nurse is concerned about the number of parishioners who smoke. How would the parish nurse best address this issue? a. Ban smoking on parish property. b. Invite local experts to participate in a health fair at the parish. c. Find literature about smoking cessation. d. Hand out free nicotine-replacement systems.

ANS: B Nurses interact with communities to promote health. They supply educational information to at-risk groups to develop health-oriented skills as well as encourage behavior change. As such, nurses act as advocates collaborating with other disciplines and agencies. The success of health promotion programs depends on support from prominent community members. Therefore, arranging for a health fair and inviting local experts to participate is the best way for the nurse to address the smoking issue at her parish.

A 5-year-old is consuming a daily caloric intake of 1400 calories. Approximately what portion of the diet should be comprised of carbohydrates? a. 300 calories b. 700 calories c. 900 calories d. 1200 calories

ANS: B Preschoolers should consume approximately half of their diet in carbohydrates. Children ages 3 to 5 years old should receive 1200 to 1600 calories per day depending on their activity level and gender.

A health care professional is caring for an Arab American individual. Which of the following cultural practices of this ethnic minority should be considered when planning care? a. This ethnic culture tends to be future oriented. b. Religion plays an important role in this culture. c. Traditional cultural practices are infrequently used during a health crisis. d. Members of this culture tend to have smaller families.

ANS: B Religion plays an important part in Arab culture, and there are dietary rules and prescribed rituals for praying and washing. Arab Americans are present oriented and view the future as uncertain. During a health crisis, many Arab Americans seek out their family, community, and traditional values and cultural practices. Arab American families are, on average, larger than nonArab American families.

Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention? a. Selfbreast examination education b. Yearly mammograms c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer

ANS: B Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify individuals in an early, detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening tool for breast cancer and thus is considered a method of secondary prevention.

A nurse is interviewing members of a substance abuse unit at a local Veterans Administration (VA) hospital. Which of the following parts of a community is the nurse assessing? a. Structure of a community b. Subsystem of a community c. Supra system of a community d. Interaction of a community

ANS: B Structural parts of a community form subsystems within a larger supra system. A substance abuse unit of a local VA hospital is a subsystem of a larger system (the VA hospital and family of hospitals). The structure of a community system or subsystem forms a formal or informal arrangement of parts. As a result, because interviewing is a form of assessment, the nurse in this example is assessing the subsystem (substance abuse unit of a local VA hospital) of a community (the VA hospital and family of hospitals).

Which of the following theories is an attempt to explain families as a set of interacting individuals with patterns of living that influence health decisions? a. Feminist theory b. Systems theory c. Developmental theory d. Resiliency theory

ANS: B Systems theory is an attempt to explain patterns of living among the individuals who make up the family system.

A mother comments to the school nurse that her child has poor hygiene habits and asks the nurse for suggestions as to how to teach her child to improve on his hygiene. Which of the following recommendations would the nurse give the mother? a. Have him learn it at school. b. Model the behavior at home. c. Lecture him about hygiene. d. Punish him when he forgets to brush his teeth.

ANS: B The best way for a parent to teach a child good hygiene is to model the behavior at home. Reinforcement of health-promotion activities helps to instill behaviors. Additionally, preschoolers like to imitate adults.

A nurse is collecting data for a family assessment using Gordons functional health patterns. The nurse learns that the family has no books in the home to read to the preschool-age children. To which of the following functional health patterns does this information pertain? a. Roles-relationship b. Cognitive-perceptual c. Health-perceptionhealth-management d. Self-perceptionself-concept

ANS: B The cognitive-perceptual pattern identified characteristics of language, cognitive skills, and perception that influence desired or required family activities. The availability of books in the home for preschool age children impacts this functional health pattern.

A 5-year-old is prescribed a medication that is renally excreted. Which of the following considerations should be made when the nurse examines the dosage of the medication? a. The dosage should be lower than the recommended dose. b. The dosage should be at the recommended dose. c. The dosage should be higher than the recommended dose. d. The medication should not be administered.

ANS: B The dose should be at the recommended dose. Kidneys reach full maturity by the end of infancy and early toddler years. As a result, medications that are renally excreted can be given at the recommended doses.

A teenager, who lives at home with her parents and school-aged brother, has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Which of the following would be the most appropriate teaching goal for this family? a. Increased energy level b. Improved coping c. Enhanced self-esteem d. Facilitated family conversation

ANS: B The family plays an important role in health and illness. Understanding and intervening with the family is essential to promoting health and reducing risk. Health teaching includes all family members although the general teaching goal is the same for all, approaches and specific goals for each member will be different. An illness in one member of the family can alter the entire familys ability to cope. As a result, improved coping is the most appropriate goal.

The inability of a toddler to put him- or herself in anothers shoes is known as: a. autonomy. b. egocentrism. c. self-perception. d. integrity.

ANS: B The inability of a toddler to put him- or herself in anothers shoes is known as egocentrism.

A nurse is conducting a community education program. Which of the following should be stressed as the leading cause of death in middle-age adults? a. Automobile accidents b. Malignant disease c. Homicide d. Suicide

ANS: B The leading causes of death during middle adulthood are heart disease, cancer, and accidents. Accidents are the major cause of death for children and young adults. Homicide and suicide are major causes of death for young adults.

A community believes many people in that community lead sedentary lives because they lack safe areas in which to exercise. What action should the nurse take in order to confirm or reject these beliefs? a. Walk around the neighborhood. b. Interview members of the community. c. Obtain town morbidity and mortality rates. d. Go to the town hall to obtain the number of parks in the community.

ANS: B The nurse has generated a hypothesis (people lead sedentary lives because of a lack of safe areas). To explore this hypothesis, the nurse should follow it up with interviews and measurement data. In this situation, town statistics would not be sufficient to address the hypothesis. The nurse needs to interview members of the community to determine how they perceive it.

A nurse is employed by a local health department. Which of the following would be one of her primary responsibilities? a. Providing appropriate treatment for the flu to an elderly man b. Providing education to the community about prevention of the flu c. Ensuring that the family members of the man with the flu get tested for the flu d. Ensuring that the family members of the man with the flu receive the flu vaccine

ANS: B The role of the community health nurse is to promote the health of the population. It is not limited to any particular individual or group of individuals. It is important that the nurse view the community structure as a population and consider existing health services. Therefore, the primary responsibility of this nurse is to the community she serves by providing education about flu prevention.

A nurse is planning a community health education program for young adults. Which of the following considerations should be made by the nurse? a. The age span encompassing young adulthood is between 20 to 30 years of age. b. The number one cause of death for young adults is injury. c. The number of young adults in the United States is increasing. d. The maternal mortality rate is at its lowest point since 1980.

ANS: B Young adulthood spans the years between ages 18 to 35. The number of young adults in the United States is declining, and the maternal mortality rate is at its highest level since 1980.

Which female disorder is characterized by only one X chromosome present instead of two? a. Gynecomastia b. Menstruation c. Turner syndrome d. Klinefelter syndrome

ANS: C A female disorder in which only one X chromosome is present instead of two is known as Turner syndrome.

Any combination of planned experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make quality health decisions is known as health: a. promotion. b. counseling. c. education. d. knowledge.

ANS: C Any combination of planned experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make quality health decisions is known as health education.

A 26-year-old client has a total cholesterol of 206 mg/dL and an LDL of 110. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn by the nurse? a. The client has achieved the target levels for cholesterol in young adults. b. The client has a very low risk of developing heart disease. c. The client requires counseling about cardiac disease risk factors. d. The client has early-onset cardiac disease.

ANS: C Cardiovascular assessment of the young adult includes determining the presences of hyperlipemia, hypertension, diabetes, chest pain, or heart disease. This client has an elevated cholesterol levels and requires additional education about risk factors that may lead to cardiac disease. The Healthy People 2020 target is to reduce the mean total blood cholesterol levels among adults to 177.9 mg/dL. A diagnosis of heart disease cannot be made on the basis of these lab values.

A nurse is conducting a community education program about cognition in older adults. Which of the following information should be included? a. Some form of mild dementia is a normal part of aging. b. All forms of dementia have the same symptoms, but progress at different rates. c. Assessment for dementia should be part of routine physical exams. d. Elders who score below 27 points on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) are not likely to have a cognition problem.

ANS: C Cognitive alterations are key symptoms that indicate changes in physiological function among older persons. Thus, assessment of cognition is an important part of routine assessments. Dementia is not a normal part of aging. Dementia symptoms vary according to the specific type of dementia. A score of 23 or lower on the MMSE indicates a problem with cognition.

Partnering with school-based clinics and local pediatric dentists so that children can have access to preventive dental care is an example of a(n): a. codependent function. b. independent function. c. interdependent function. d. dependent function.

ANS: C Collaboration with community members and interdisciplinary teamwork functions crucial to effective community health are considered interdependent functions. Partnering with school-based clinics and local dentists is a collaborative effort to improve the communitys health.

The nurse recommended to a 50-year-old woman that she schedule a routine mammogram. Which of the following would be the most important factor in this womans decision to schedule this exam? a. Race b. Ethnicity c. Cultural values d. Value orientation

ANS: C Cultural values guide actions and decision-making that facilitates self-worth and self-esteem. They shape human behaviors and determine what individuals will do to maintain their health status, how they will care for themselves, and others who become ill, and where and from whom they will seek health care. Race is associated with power and indexes the history or ongoing imposition of ones groups authority above another. Ethnicity focuses on differences in meanings, values, and ways of living. Value orientations reflect the personality type of a particular society.

When do females usually begin puberty? a. 1 year before males b. 1 year after males c. 2 years before males d. 2 years after males

ANS: C Females usually begin puberty 2 years before males and experience their growth spurts earlier.

Which of the following statements concerning urinary incontinence is correct? a. Urge incontinence occurs when one has the urge to void but is unable. b. Stress incontinence is associated with emotional turmoil. c. Functional incontinence occurs is associated with environmental barriers. d. Incontinence with high post-void residual occurs when someone laughs or sneezes.

ANS: C Functional incontinence is associated with environmental barriers, physical limitations, or cognitive impairment in which the client is unable to reach the toilet. Stress incontinence occurs when someone coughs or sneezes. Urge incontinence occurs when someone cannot wait to void once the urge to void is felt. Urge, mixed, or stress incontinence with high post-void residual is caused by physiological changes that affect voiding, such as an enlarged prostate gland.

Which of the following is a normal physiological change that occurs during middle age? a. Increase in gastric emptying resulting in acid reflux b. Reduction in height caused by kyphosis c. Reduction of glomerular filtration by 50% d. Increase in the amount of estrogen produced in both genders

ANS: C Gastric emptying is decreased, kyphosis is not an expected part of aging, and estrogen levels decrease in women and increase in men as male testosterone levels decrease.

Which of the following illustrates that the objectives of health education and counseling are being met? a. Diabetic who attends a diabetes education program b. Diabetic who watches a video about self-administration of insulin c. Diabetic who starts taking his medications regularly d. Diabetic who is admitted in diabetic ketoacidosis

ANS: C Health education encourages positive, informed changes in lifestyle behaviors that prevent acute and chronic disease, decrease disability, and enhance wellness. Two main objectives of health education and counseling are to change health behaviors and to improve health status. A diabetic who starts taking his medications regularly is an example of a behavior change intended to decrease disability.

Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health? a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review b. Healthy People 2020 c. Healthy People 2000 d. The U.S. Surgeon General Report

ANS: C Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark documents in which a consortium of people representing national organizations worked with US Public Health Service officials to create a more global approach to health.

A nurse who is using Gordons functional health patterns is planning to assess its roles-relationships pattern. Which of the following questions would be most appropriate for the nurse to ask? a. What is the familys philosophy of health? b. What does the family do to have fun? c. How are problems in the family resolved? d. Who decides when and how children go to sleep?

ANS: C How problems in the family are resolved relates to assessment of the roles-relationships pattern. The familys philosophy of health relates to the health perception-health management pattern. What the family does to have fun relates to the activity-exercise pattern. The decision concerning when and how children go to sleep relates to the sleep-rest pattern.

The public health nurse is conducting a screening of young adults for metabolic syndrome. When asked about the syndrome, which of the following responses should be made by the nurse? a. Anyone who has low blood sugar, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure has this syndrome and is at risk for cardiac disease. b. This syndrome helps predict heart disease. Once it is diagnosed, the correct medication can be prescribed and heart disease avoided. c. This syndrome is a warning sign that the person could develop heart disease. When someone has metabolic syndrome, dietary and activity level changes are recommended. d. Anyone who has high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar has coronary artery disease. Once we make the diagnosis, we can begin to treat the disease.

ANS: C Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when a person has high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar. A person with this syndrome is at risk for coronary artery disease. Lifestyle changes are tried before medication is used.

Parents recently discovered that their teenage daughter has been consuming alcohol on a regular basis. They ask the nurse for advice on how to best help their daughter. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse give to the parents? a. Talk to their daughter at length regarding the dangers associated with drinking. b. Tell their daughter she will not be allowed to use her cell phone if this continues. c. Enroll their daughter in a peer support group focused on teenage drinking. d. Provide their daughter with literature regarding the dangers of drinking.

ANS: C Teens do not always consider health risks associated with their risky behaviors. Additionally, peer influence is primary and parental input is often rejected. In this case, the teenager may risk losing her cell phone and privileges by continuing with her risky behavior, but because peer influence is primary, the parents should enroll her in a peer support group focused on teenage drinking.

A nurse is determining caloric needs for a preschooler who weighs 18 kilograms. Which of the following represents the daily caloric needs for this child? a. 1360 calories b. 1540 calories c. 1620 calories d. 1800 calories

ANS: C The approximate number of calories required by an 18-kg preschooler is 1620. Preschoolers need approximately 90 kcal/kg of body weight per day for health maintenance, activity, and growth.

The school nurse has seen several students in the health office. For which of the following students should the nurse suggest a follow-up exam? a. A 14-year-old girl who has not experienced menarche b. A 7-year-old boy who has grown 2 inches in a year c. A 10-year-old girl who has gained 11 pounds in a year d. An 8-year-old boy who has lost four deciduous teeth in the past year

ANS: C The average age of menarche is between 11 and 15 years of age. School-age children grow approximately 2 inches a year, gain between approximately 4.4 to 6.6 pounds a year, and lose four deciduous teeth a year between ages 6 and 13. A weight gain of 11 pounds in 1 year requires a follow-up because of the rising rate of obesity in children.

Which of the following elements is most likely deficient in a school-age childs diet? a. Protein b. Sodium c. Iron d. Vitamin B12

ANS: C The diet of school-age children is frequently deficient in calcium, iron, and vitamin C, while it is high in fat and sodium.

The mother of a 13-year-old girl is concerned because her daughter has not started menstruating yet. The girl developed breast buds and started her height spurt at 12 years of age. Which of the following statements would be the most appropriate response from the nurse? a. Usually, girls start menstruating when they develop breast buds; an endocrine evaluation might be warranted. b. Everyone is different; it will happen when it happens. c. Based on when the breast buds first appeared, she should starting menstruating around the age of 14. d. She will not start menstruating until her breasts are of adult size and contour.

ANS: C The first sign of puberty in females is the appearance of breast buds, followed by a growth spurt. The onset of menstruation occurs approximately 2 years after the appearance of breast buds and near the end of the growth spurt. Thus, based on the age of breast bud appearance, the girl should start menstruating around age 14.

During a routine clinic visit, a pregnant woman expresses concern about reflux she is experiencing. Which statement should be made by the nurse when addressing the womans concern? a. Frequent heartburn may be a sign of fetal distress and an ultrasound should be performed immediately. b. Frequent heartburn is caused by high levels of hormones during pregnancy. c. Frequent heartburn is a result of gastrointestinal system changes that occur during pregnancy. d. Frequent heartburn during pregnancy requires immediate consultation with a gastroenterologist.

ANS: C The gastrointestinal system undergoes dramatic changes during pregnancy, which include frequent heartburn secondary to upward displacement of the stomach and a relaxed gastroesophageal sphincter. Therefore the appropriate response for this woman would be to provide her with information regarding normal changes during pregnancy. In this case the frequent heartburn is a result of gastrointestinal system changes that occur during pregnancy.

A nurse is discussing genetic disorders with a local community group. Which of the following statements would the nurse make during the presentation? a. Downs syndrome is most likely to appear during the preschool years. b. Hemophilia is most likely to appear during the preschool years. c. Cystic fibrosis is most likely to appear during the preschool years. d. Multiple sclerosis is most likely to appear during the preschool years.

ANS: C The genetic problems most likely to appear during the preschool years are cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, fragile X syndrome, Williamss syndrome, and autism.

Which of the following initiatives related to childhood nutrition outlined in Healthy People 2010 was most successful? a. Reduction of fat consumption b. Increase in consumption of fruit c. Adequate food supplies at home d. Reducing obesity rates

ANS: C The target rate of 94% related to household adequate food supplies was surpassed with up to 98% of households found to be food secure. Children continue to eat too many foods high in fat, obesity rates are increasing, and consumption of fruit and vegetables is low.

At a well-child visit, the parents of a toddler ask the nurse how they should teach their toddler the importance of dental hygiene. Which of the following actions should the nurse recommend to the parents? a. Remind the toddler to brush his teeth every day. b. Have the dentist tell the toddler about the importance of dental hygiene. c. Schedule a time to brush their own teeth with their toddler. d. Have the toddler watch an educational cartoon video on the teeth brushing.

ANS: C Toddlers identify with parents, caregivers, and other important role models, internalizing a wider range of lifestyle attributes. Parents and caregivers health perceptions and health behaviors should model the perceptions and behaviors desired for health promotion. Thus, scheduling a time to brush their teeth with their toddler is the best way for parents to teach their toddler the importance of dental hygiene.

Approximately how much sleep do toddlers require each day? a. 10 hours b. 11 hours c. 12 hours d. 13 hours

ANS: C Toddlers need for sleep decreases to 12 hours a day during this developmental period.

A mother is concerned because her 22-month-old has been skipping meals lately. Which of the following actions should the nurse recommend to the mother? a. Put the child in time out whenever he skips a meal. b. Offer him foods he likes such as cookies and chips. c. Limit the childs consumption of juices and cookies. d. Talk to the child about how important it is to eat three meals a day.

ANS: C Toddlers often use mealtime to assert their individuality. They sometimes do this by refusing to eat. Additionally they are often not hungry because they have been given empty calories by their parents, because the parents want to make sure the toddler eats something. However empty calories should be avoided. Parents should take control and offer the toddler healthy, age-appropriate foods. Punishment and focusing on food should be avoided.

A nurse is determining which family assessment tool would be best to implement with a family when planning home visits for health promotion. Which of the following criteria should the nurse use to evaluate these tools? a. The number of questions asked on the assessment tool b. The linkages of the assessment to Healthy People 2020 c. The amount of involvement that the family has in completing the tool d. The capability of the tool to assess goals and outcomes

ANS: C Useful health-promotion family assessments involve listening to families, engaging in participatory dialogue, recognizing patterns, and assessing family potential for active, positive change.

Which of the following disorders is characterized by males having an extra chromosome, typically being tall and initially thin, and not developing secondary sex characteristics? a. Gynecomastia b. Menstruation c. Turner syndrome d. Klinefelter syndrome

ANS: D A disorder in which males have an extra chromosome and typically are tall and initially thin, and do not develop secondary sex characteristics is known as Klinefelter syndrome.

An overweight woman joins a support group to help her lose weight. During her first session, the nurse explains the components of a healthy diet and discusses with the woman how she can eat out and still maintain a healthy diet. She asks the woman what her goal is and emphasizes that she herself is the key to success. What is the nurse promoting through the use of this strategy? a. Communication b. Values c. Advanced planning d. Empowerment

ANS: D A goal of health education is empowerment. People who believe they can make a difference in their own health and who are included in decision making are more likely to make changes. By giving the woman the tools (education about a healthy diet) and involving her in the decision-making (set her own goal), the nurse empowers the woman to make a change in her eating habits.

A nurse is planning to write a grant for a health promotion project in the community. Which of considerations should the nurse make when determining the appropriate population for this project? a. The fastest growing population is children under the age of 12. b. The fastest growing population is young Black American adults. c. The fastest growing population is White middle-age adults. d. The fastest growing population is non-White older adults age 65 and older.

ANS: D Adults age 85 and older are the fastest growing population in the United States, and the percentage of White Americans greater than age of 65 is decreasing compared with other ethnic groups.

Which of the following health concerns should the nurse have as a priority when planning care for a community? a. The limited recreational areas identified through a windshield survey b. The high crime rate reported in the town records c. The absence of health clinics on the local bus route d. The lack of grocery stores within walking distance identified by the community

ANS: D As a community liaison, the nurse establishes priorities for programming and matches resources with needs determined by a community-needs assessment. The goal is to maintain the communitys vision. Nurses concerns should be based on the communitys concerns. Therefore, the lack of grocery stores identified by the community should take first priority.

Which of the following statements concerning nutrition and older adults is true? a. Older adults who live in their own homes are more likely to be malnourished than older adults living in a nursing home. b. Older adults lose their desire for high-fat, salty foods. c. Meals served in long-term care institutions are usually more well-balanced than foods eaten by older adults living at home. d. Many older adults are not aware of food assistance programs.

ANS: D Barriers that may interfere with the ability of independent seniors to obtain adequate nutritional food include limited transportation, income, and social support resources. Many older persons are unaware that they are eligible to participate in SNAP. The percent of older adults who live in their own homes and are malnourished is lower than that of older adults who live in a nursing home. Older adults do not lose their desire for high-fat, high-cholesterol, high-sodium foods. Fresh fruits and vegetables are not always available for older adults living in nursing homes.

The school nurse conducting an in-service program for teachers is asked about general growth and development of school-age children. Which of the following statements would be the best response by the nurse? a. By age 11, blood pressure readings are the same as for an adult. b. Because of the rapid growth pattern in this age group, snacks are important to ensure sufficient caloric intake. c. Children in this age group have some difficulty with coordination and balance, so playground supervision is important. d. Overall growth in school-age children is slower than during infancy and adolescence.

ANS: D Children grow (physically) much more slowly during this time period as compared with growth during infancy and adolescence. Blood pressure readings for children in this age group are lower than for adults. Growth slows until adolescence. Children in this age group generally have good coordination and balance.

A nurse is assessing how a family will transition and adapt after their youngest child leaves for college. By using this framework, which of the following perspectives is the nurse implementing? a. Risk-factor b. Structural-functional c. Open systems d. Developmental

ANS: D Duvall and Miller identified stages of the family life cycle and critical family developmental tasks, through a developmental perspective. This conceptual model helps to anticipate family events and discusses how families complete basic family tasks as they transition through these events.

When providing an educational session about the Arab American population, which of the following information would be included? a. The largest group of Arab Americans was refugees in the 1960s. b. The largest groups of Arab Americans are from Palestine and Iraq. c. Members of the Arab American population are most likely to live in rural communities. d. Members of the Arab American population are more likely to have college degrees than Americans at large.

ANS: D Members of the Arab American population are more likely to have college degrees (+45%) than Americans at large (28%). About 94% of Arab Americans live in metropolitan areas. The largest groups of Arab Americans are the Lebanese, Syrians, and Egyptians. Arab Americans came to the United States in three immigration waves; the last occurred in the 1960s and consisted of many professionals, entrepreneurs, and skilled and semiskilled laborers.

A 75-year-old man tells the nurse that he has difficulty staying asleep during the night. Which of the following responses should be made by the nurse? a. Older adults need as much sleep as middle-age and younger adults. Lets talk about your sleep patterns. b. Ill ask the nurse practitioner to prescribe a sleeping pill for you. c. Taking naps during the day can help relieve excessive fatigue and will help you sleep better. d. Lets talk about your sleep schedule and things that may prevent you from getting a restful nights sleep.

ANS: D Nurses should assist older adults in achieving a good nights sleep through assessment that might reveal possible causes of sleep disturbances. Older adults need less sleep than younger adults. Daytime naps may prevent sleeping adequately at night. Medications to assist in sleeping are not the initial therapy choice because of side effects.

Which of the following statements is correct? a. Tonsils in a school-age child are smaller than in an adult. b. The nervous system generally matures between ages 11 to 13. c. Fractures heal more slowly in a 10-year-old child than in an adult. d. Overweight children have muscle pain more often than average-weight children.

ANS: D Overweight children are more likely to suffer bone fractures, have joint pain, and more muscle pain than their normal weight counterparts. Tonsils, which are lymphoid tissue, are larger in a child than in an adult. The nervous system matures by ages 7 to 8. Fractures heal more quickly in children than in adults.

A nurse is completing a health counseling session with a 25-year-old woman. Which of the following statements should be made by the nurse during this session? a. A yearly Pap test is recommended for detection of ovarian cancer. b. Research supports that breast self-exams reduce breast cancer mortality. c. The incidence of cervical cancer is very low in your age group. d. Daily physical activity and weight control is one way to stay healthy.

ANS: D Screening is strongly recommended for cervical cancer in women who have been sexually active (Papanicolaou [Pap] smears). The incidence of carcinoma in situ is high in young adults. The US Preventative Services Task Force recommends against teaching breast self-examination and concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the additional benefits and harm of clinical breast examination beyond screening mammography for women 40 and older. After age 25, the preventive emphasis is on modifying coronary disease risk factors, which would be accomplished by discussing activity and weight control.

A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as receives acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor? a. Clinical model b. Role performance model c. Adaptive model d. Eudaimonistic model

ANS: D The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and creating meaning in life. Practitioners who practice the clinical model may not be enough for someone who believes in the eudaimonistic model. Those who believe in the eudaimonistic model often look for alternative providers of care.

Which of the following best describes the nurses role in health promotion and disease prevention? a. Educating about home safety measures b. Identifying areas for family improvement c. Implementing the nursing process using a systems perspective d. Acting as a role model for the family

ANS: D The nurses role in health promotion and disease prevention is best described as acting as a role model for the family. Implementing the nursing process, identifying areas for family improvement, and educating about home safety measures are all part of the nurses role but do not describe the comprehensive role of the nurse.

A client who has had a cerebrovascular accident has persistent problems with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). The nurse caring for the client should initiate a referral with which of the following members of the interprofessional care team? A. Social worker B. Certified nursing assistant C. Occupational therapist D. Speech‑language pathologist

D

A goal for a client who has difficulty with self‑feeding due to rheumatoid arthritis is to use adaptive devices. The nurse caring for the client should initiate a referral to which of the following members of the interprofessional care team? A. Social worker B. Certified nursing assistant C. Registered dietitian D. Occupational therapist

D

At a well-child visit, a 2-year-old toddler measures 2 feet 8 inches tall. The nurse estimates the toddlers approximate final adult height to be: a. 4 feet 8 inches. b. 5 feet. c. 5 feet 2 inches. d. 5 feet 4 inches.

The toddlers height at 2 years is approximately 50% of final adult height. Thus, at 2 feet 8 inches, the childs approximate final adult height would be 5 feet 4 inches tall (2 feet 8 inches 2).

A nurse is cautioning the mother of an 8‑month‑old infant about safety. Which of the following statements by the mother indicates an understanding of safety for the infant? A. "My baby loved to play with his crib gym, but I took it away from him." B. "I just bought a soft mattress so my baby will sleep better." C."My baby really likes sleeping on the fluffy pillow we just got for him." D."I put the baby's car seat out of the way on the t

a

A nurse is conducting a home visit with an older-adult couple. While in the home the nurse weighs each individual and reviews the 3-day food diary with them. She also checks their blood pressure and encourages them to increase their fluids and activity levels to help with their voiced concern about constipation. The nurse is addressing which level of need according to Maslow? a. Physiological b. Safety and security c. Love and belonging d. Self-actualization

a

A nurse is presenting a program to workers in a factory covering safety topics, including the wearing of hearing protectors when workers are in the factory. Which level of prevention is the nurse practicing? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Quaternary prevention

a

A nurse is reading a research article. The nurse just finished reading a brief summary of the research study that included the purpose of the study and its implications for nursing practice. Which part of the article did the nurse just read? a. Abstract b. Analysis c. Discussion d. Literature Review

a

A nurse is teaching the parents of a toddler about discipline. Which of the following actions should the nurse suggest? A. Establish consistent boundaries for the toddler. B. Place the toddler in a room with the door closed. C. Inform the toddler how you feel when he misbehaves. . D. Use favorite snacks to reward the toddler.

a

A nurse is using the I PREPARE mnemonic to assess a client's potential environmental exposures. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask when assessing for "A" in the mnemonic? A. "What do you like to do for fun?" B. "What year was your residence built?" C."What jobs have you had in the past?" D."What industries are near where you live?"

a

A nurse needs to teach a young woman newly diagnosed with asthma how to manage her disease. Which of the following topics does the nurse teach first? a. How to use an inhaler during an asthma attack b. The need to avoid people who smoke to prevent asthma attacks c. Where to purchase a medical alert bracelet that says she has asthma d. The importance of maintaining a healthy diet and exercising regularly

a

A patient with chest pain is having an emergency cardiac catheterization. Which teaching approach does the nurse use in this situation? a. Telling approach b. Selling approach c. Entrusting approach d. Participating approach

a

A single young adult interacts with a group of close friends from college and work. They celebrate birthdays and holidays together. In addition, they help one another through many stressors. These individuals are viewed as: a. Family. b. Siblings. c. Substitute parents. d. Alternative family structure.

a

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the young adult is in the stage of formal operational thought and demonstrates abilities to: a. analyze concepts. b. manipulate concrete objects. c. participate in cooperative interactions. d. perceive specific examples.

a

An 8-year-old child is being admitted to the hospital from the emergency department with an injury from falling off her bicycle. Which of the following will most help her adjust to the hospital? a. Explain hospital routines such as mealtimes to her. b. Use terms such as "honey" and "dear" to show a caring attitude. c. Explain when her parents can visit and why siblings cannot come to see her. d. Since she is young, orient her parents to her room and hospital facility.

a

An effective method for older adults to feel engaged in the community is through: a. volunteering. b. downsizing. c. retirement. d. gardening.

a

At a well-child examination, the mother comments that her toddler eats little at mealtime, will only sit briefly at the table, and wants snacks all the time. Which of the following should the nurse recommend? a. Provide nutritious snacks. b. Offer rewards for eating at mealtimes. c. Avoid snacks so she is hungry at mealtime. d. Explain to her firmly why eating at mealtime is important.

a

During a visit to a family clinic, a nurse teaches a mother about immunizations, car-seat use, and home safety for an infant and toddler. Which type of nursing interventions are these? a. Health promotion activities b. Acute care activities c. Restorative care activities d. Growth and development care activities

a

Emphasis on disease prevention for the young adult, after age 25, is on modifying risk factors related to: a. coronary artery disease. b. cirrhosis of the liver. c. cervical cancer. d. colon cancer.

a

In an interview with a pregnant patient, the nurse discussed the three risk factors that have been cited as having a possible effect on prenatal development. They are: a. Nutrition, stress, and mother's age. b. Prematurity, stress, and mother's age. c. Nutrition, mother's age, and fetal infections. d. Fetal infections, prematurity, and placenta previa.

a

Middle-age adults frequently find themselves trying to balance responsibilities related to employment, family life, care of children, and care of aging parents. People finding themselves in this situation are frequently referred to as being a part of: a. The sandwich generation. b. The millennial generation. c. Generation X. d. Generation Y.

a

Nurses in the school setting can participate in health promotion activities through creating nut-free schools. This would protect hypersensitive children from life-threatening allergic reactions to peanuts and other nut products. This type of program is an example of which of the following interventions? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Emergent

a

Nurses play an active role in __________ individuals to make their own informed decisions about health care. a. empowering b. coercing c. persuading d. directing

a

Priority nursing assessments of Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders should be on which disease process? a. COPD b. Hypertension c. Diabetes mellitus d. Breast cancer

a

Research has documented what symptom one of the strongest predictors of adolescent obesity? a. Depression b. Excessive TV watching c. Lack of physical activity d. Meal skipping

a

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a major health problem in young adults. Men ages 20 to 24 years have the highest rate of which STI? a. Chlamydia b. Syphilis c. Gonorrhea d. Herpes zoster

a

The client asks the nurse, "Should I take a nutrient supplement?" The nurse explains that nutrient supplementation is indicated in situations such as: a. folic acid prior to pregnancy. b. vitamin A during the first trimester of pregnancy. c. vitamin E during anticoagulation therapy. d. calcium in iron-deficiency anemia.

a

The leading causes of death in middle adulthood, in both White and Black populations, are the same and include: a. heart disease. b. kidney disease. c. respiratory disease. d. gastrointestinal disease.

a

The nurse assessing conventional level moral development in 12-year-old children would expect to see which behaviors? a. The child looks to others for approval. b. The child views behavior as completely right or wrong. c. The child behaves because there is a fear of punishment. d. The child's moral development is characterized by self-interest.

a

The nurse in a new community based clinic is requested to complete a community assessment. What is the order for completing this assessment? 1. Structure or locale 2. Social systems3. Population a. 1, 3, 2 b. 2, 1, 3 c. 3, 2, 1 d. 3, 1, 2

a

The nurse incorporates cultural considerations into the health teaching plan by: a. assessing a person's beliefs. b. using medical terminology. c. presenting evidence-based information. d. explaining that universal health practices are the best.

a

The nurse is completing a health history with the daughter of a newly admitted patient who is confused and agitated. The daughter reports that her mother was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 1 year ago but became extremely confused last evening and was hallucinating. She was unable to calm her, and her mother thought she was a stranger. On the basis of this history, the nurse suspects that the patient is experiencing: a. Delirium. b. Depression. c. New-onset dementia. d. Worsening dementia.

a

The nurse is explaining services provided in assisted living to a couple considering a move to long-term housing for older adults. The nurse explains that assisted living includes: a. 24-hour protective oversight. b. medications administered by staff personnel. c. client responsibility for preparation of own medications. d. expectation that clients are independent in all care areas.

a

The nurse is reviewing the immunization record of a sexually active adolescent. The nurse determines that the adolescent should receive a: a. hepatitis B vaccine. b. Haemophilus influenzae vaccine. c. measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. d. pneumococcal meningitis vaccine.

a

The nurse is teaching a group of mothers about toddlers and their play activities by explaining that toddlers: a. participate in parallel play. b. demonstrate skill in sharing and cooperative play. c. enjoy playing together with a group of toddlers. d. learn best with intensive drill during play.

a

The nurse suggests stimulating experiences for development of their infant to the parents of a 6-month-old infant. These experiences would include: a. singing lullabies to the baby. b. inviting another infant over to play. c. keeping the top of the crib free of hanging mobiles. d. providing a toy that emits animal sounds when the buttons are pushed.

a

The nurse's role with the family with older adults includes serving as a counselor of: a. bereavement. b. menopause. c. family planning. d. sexually transmittable diseases.

a

The nurse, teaching a class on reducing the incidence of heart disease, emphasizes that the major risk factors for heart disease are: a. peripheral arterial disease. b. HDL greater than 40 mg/dL. c. age between 45 and 55. d. fasting blood glucose between 90 and 100 mg/dL.

a

The nurse, teaching a class on smoking cessation to a group of middle-age adults, presents the adverse effects of smoking, which include that nicotine: a. acts to stimulate the heart. b. calms the central nervous system. c. assists in decreasing blood pressure. d. causes a decrease in carbon monoxide.

a

The preoperative stage of thinking is displayed by the child as: a. transductive reasoning. b. the trait of irreversibility. c. understanding the perspectives of others. d. an ability to consider more than one factor when solving simple problems.

a

The school nurse is developing an information pamphlet on prevention of obesity in school age children. Interventions stated on the pamphlet would include which of the following? a. Provide foods high in vitamin A and C, fruits, and vegetables for afterschool snacks. b. Eating may occur in front of the television as long as the program is news-related. c. Make different meals for the child based on their likes and dislikes. d. Reward the child with food for school achievement.

a

When evaluating the health perception of a preschooler, the nurse understands that this age group views pain or illness as: a. punishment. b. separation anxiety. c. a result of their actions. d. painful regardless of the intervention.

a

When nurses are communicating with adolescents, they should: a. Be alert to clues to their emotional state. b. Ask closed-ended questions to get straight answers. c. Avoid looking for meaning behind adolescents' words or actions. d. Avoid discussing sensitive issues such as sex and drugs.

a

When taking care of patients, a nurse routinely asks if they take any vitamins or herbal medications, encourages family members to bring in music that the patient likes to help the patient relax, and frequently prays with her patients if that is important to them. The nurse is practicing which model? a. Holistic b. Health belief c. Transtheoretical d. Health promotion

a

Which of the following statements about evidence-based practice (EBP) made by a nursing student would require the nursing professor to correct the student's understanding? a. "In evidence-based practice the patients are the subjects." b. "It is important to talk with experts and patients when making an evidence-based decision." c. "A nurse wanting to investigate the evidence to solve a problem starts by forming a PICOT question." d. "It is important to ask a librarian for help when searching for literature to help you answer your PICOT question."

a

Which physical growth and development change in toddlers places them at risk for airway obstruction? a. The diameter of the upper respiratory tract is small. b. The respiratory rate decreases to 25 breaths per minute. c. All 20 primary or deciduous teeth erupt be the end of toddlerhood. d. The swallowing pattern using the tongue is fully developed.

a

Which statement made by a new graduate nurse about the teachback technique requires intervention and further instruction by the nurse's preceptor? a. "After teaching a patient how to use an inhaler, I need to use the Teach Back technique to test my patient's understanding." b. "The Teach Back technique is an ongoing process of asking patients for feedback." c. "Using Teach Back will help me identify explanations and communication strategies that my patients will most commonly understand." d. "Using pictures, drawings, and models can enhance the effectiveness of the Teach Back technique."

a

Which theory of development asserts that learning precedes development? a. Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development b. Piaget's theory of cognitive development c. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development d. Kohlberg's theory of moral development

a

Why do infants in developed countries have better outcomes in natural disasters? a. Most infants in developed countries are breastfed. b. Most infants in developed countries are bottle fed. c. Mothers have an adequate supply of diapers. d. Infants in developed countries have lower rates of immunization.

a

n an interview with a pregnant patient, the nurse discussed the three risk factors that have been cited as having a possible effect on prenatal development. They are: a. Nutrition, stress, and mother's age b. Prematurity, stress, and mother's age. c. Nutrition, mother's age, and fetal infections. d. Fetal infections, prematurity, and placenta previa.

a

A family has decided to care for a grandparent with terminal cancer in the daughter's home. Family caregiving is new to the family. When helping this family as they begin to plan for their caregiving roles, what are the two top priority assessments to best learn about family functioning? (Select all that apply.) a. Communication b. Decision making c. Development d. Economic status e. Family structure

ab

Nurses caring for the Black/African American population need to maintain an awareness of which of the following health-related cultural aspects of care? (select two that apply) a. Severe high blood pressure is more common for African Americans. b. Cancer and mortality rates for African Americans is higher than that for White Americans. c. African Americans are less likely to be diagnosed with diabetes. d. African Americans have the highest percentage of women with low or no prenatal care in the first trimester.

ab

What are some of the benefits of assessing a family through the use of an ecomap and genogram? (select all that apply) a. A genogram allows a visual display of family health conditions. b. Family histories provide the nurse with a unique perspective of family risk for inherited diseases. c. Slashed lines on an ecomap are used to signify death. d. The ecomap uses a structural approach to the assessment of family roles and function. e. The ecomap is useful in determining environmental hazards related to geography.

ab

What are some of the benefits of assessing a family through the use of an ecomap and genogram? (select all that apply) a. A genogram allows a visual display of family health conditions. b. Family histories provide the nurse with a unique perspective of family risk for inherited diseases. c. Slashed lines on an ecomap are used to signify death. d. The ecomap uses a structural approach to the assessment of family roles and function. e. The ecomap is useful in determining environmental hazards related to geography.

ab

What are the two overarching goals of Healthy People 2010? (select two that apply) a. Increase quality and years of life b. Eliminate health disparities c. Create access to preventive services for all. d. Increase the span of healthy life

ab

Which entities recommend that health practitioners within the United States use growth charts for children from birth to 24 months? (select two that apply) a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention b. World Health Organization c. The Joint Commission d. Healthy People 2020

ab

The public health nurse is working with the county health department on a task force to fully integrate the goals of Healthy People 2020. In the immigrant community, most of the population does not have a primary care provider, nor do they participate in health promotion activities; the unemployment rate in the community is 25%. How does the nurse determine which goals need to be included or updated? (Select all that apply.) a. Assess the health care resources within the community b. Assess the existing health care programs offered by the county health department c. Compare existing resources and programs with Healthy People 2020 goals d. Initiate new programs to meet Healthy People 2020 goals. e. Implement educational sessions in the schools to focus on nutritional needs of the children.

abc

Which of the following components are included in the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of malnutrition? (select all that apply) a. Obesity b. Inadequate intake of vitamins/minerals c. Inadequate protein intake d. Inadequate fluid intake

abc

A nurse is preparing a wellness presentation for families about health screening for adolescents. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Obtain a periodic mental status evaluation. B. Discuss prevention of sexually transmitted infections. C. Regularly screen for tuberculosis. D. Provide education about drug and alcohol use. E. Teach monthly breast examinations for girls.

abcd

Common visual conditions which may occur in middle-aged adults include which of the following? (select all that apply) a. Presbyopia b. Glaucoma c. Cataracts d. Macular degeneration e. Presbycusis

abcd

Health is considered to be a metaparadigm for nursing and includes which of the following components? (select all that apply) a. Person b. Health c. Environment d. Nursing e. Psychosocial wellness

abcd

How can a nurse work on developing cultural awareness? (Select all that apply.) a. Reflect on his or her past learning about health, illness, race, gender, and sexual orientation b. Develop greater self-knowledge about personal biases c. Recognize consciously the multiple factors that influence his or her own world view d. Engage in an in-depth self-examination of his or her own background e. Learn as many facts as possible about an ethnic group

abcd

What are the four types of nursing interventions used in health-promotion and disease-prevention planning for the family? (select four correct answers) a. Increasing knowledge and skills b. Increasing strengths c. Decreasing exposure to risks d. Decreasing susceptibility e. Decreasing interdependence

abcd

Which of the following patients seen in a clinic has an increased risk of experiencing interpersonal violence? (select all that apply) a. An 8-year-old male who has witnessed his mother being verbally abused by her boyfriend b. A 14-year-old female whose parents are problem drinkers c. A 10-year-old boy who has difficulty making friends d. A 16-year-old girl who is 70 pounds overweight and concerned about her weight

abcd

Which of the following projects fall under the guidance of WHO collaborating nutrition centers? (select all that apply) a. Research related to preserving the freshness of foods b. Educational seminars related to nutritional requirements c. Comparison of the effectiveness of vitamin pills versus fresh fruit and vegetables d. Research related to BMI and cardiovascular disease

abcd

Improvement of which five of the following habits would substantially reduce mortality rates? (select all that apply) a. Smoking b. Stress c. Poor diet d. Alcohol abuse e. Medication use f. Lack of exercise g. Emergency room visits

abcdf

The nurse provides anticipatory guidance to people during middle age to meet developmental tasks of: (select all that apply) a. helping children become responsible, happy adults. b. rediscovering new satisfaction in the relationship with one's spouse. c. developing an affectionate but independent relationship with aging parents. d. reaching the peak in one's career. e. passing on traditions and skills to grandchildren. f. developing leisure-time activities.

abcdf

Which of the following are considered social determinants of health? (Select all that apply.) a. Lack of primary health care providers in a zip code b. Poor-quality public school education that prevents a person from developing adequate reading skills c. Lack of affordable health insurance d. Employment opportunities that do not provide paid vacation or sick leave e. The number of times a person exercises during a week f. Neighborhood safety that prevents a person from walking around the block or socializing with neighbors outside of his or her home

abcdf

A nurse in a clinic is planning health promotion and disease prevention strategies for a client who has multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Help the client see the benefits of her actions. B. Identify the client's support systems. C. Suggest and recommend community resources. D. Devise and set goals for the client. E. Teach stress management strategies.

abce

A nurse is planning a health promotion and primary prevention class for the parents of school‑age children. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Provide information about the risk of childhood obesity. B. Discuss the danger of substance use disorders. C. Promote discussion about sexual issues. D. Recommend the school‑age child sit in the front seat of the car. E. Reinforce stranger awareness.

abce

A nurse is planning diversionary activities for school‑age children on an inpatient pediatric unit. Which of the following activities should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Building models B. Playing video games C. Reading books D. Using toy carpentry tools E. Playing board games

abce

A nurse is preparing an educational program on cultural perspectives in nursing. The nurse should include that which of the following factors are influenced by an individual's culture? (Select all that apply.) A. Nutritional practices B. Family structure C. Health care interactions D. Biological variations E. Views about illness

abce

On the basis of an assessment, the nurse identifies an increase in the immigrant population group in the community. How would the nurse determine some of the health needs of this population? (Select all that apply). a. Identify what the immigrant population views as the two most important health needs. b. Apply information from Healthy People 2020 c. Determine how the population uses available health care resources d. Determine which health care agencies will accept immigrant populations e. Identify perceived barriers for health care

abce

Which of the following are major public health problems commonly affecting older adults? (Select all that apply.) a. Substance abuse b. Confusional states c. Financial limitations d. Communicable diseases e. Acute and chronic physical illnesses

abce

Which of the following changes can help create a more inclusive environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) patients? (Select all that apply.) a. Explicitly including sexual orientation and gender identity into nondiscrimination policies b. Displaying art that reflects LGBT community c. Modifying health care forms to provide opportunities for gender identity and sexual orientation disclosure d. Not asking patients about their gender identity and sexual orientation to avoid making them uncomfortable e. Ensuring access to unisex or single-stall bathrooms

abce

A family is facing job loss of the father, who is the major wage earner, and relocation to a new city where there is a new job. The children will have to switch schools, and his wife will have to resign from the job she likes. Which of the following contribute to this family's hardiness? (Select all that apply.) a. Family meetings b. Established family roles c. New neighborhood d. Willingness to change in time of stress e. Passive orientation to life

abd

A new immigrant family consisting of a grandparent, two adults, and three school-age children has decided to receive their health promotion care at the Community Wellness Center. This is their first visit, and a family assessment, a health history, and a physical of each family member are needed. Which of the following are included in a family function assessment? (Select all that apply.) a. Cultural practices b. Decision making c. Neighborhood services d. Rituals and celebrations e. Neighborhood crime data f. Availability of parks

abd

A nurse is talking with the parents of a 6‑month‑old infant about gross motor development. Which of the following gross motor skills are expected findings in the next 3 months? (Select all that apply.) A. Rolls from back to front B. Bears weight on legs C. Walks holding onto furniture D. Sits unsupported E. Sits down from a standing position

abd

A nursing student in the last semester of the baccalaureate nursing program is beginning the community health practicum and will be working in a community based clinic with a focus on asthma and allergies. What is the focus of the community health nurse in this clinic setting? (Select all that apply.) a. Decrease the incidence of asthma attacks in the community. b. Increase patients' ability to self-manage their asthma. c. Treat acute asthma attack in the home care setting d. Provide asthma education programs for the teachers in the local schools e. Provide scheduled immunizations to people who come to the clinic

abd

Independent seniors may experience which of the following barriers to obtaining adequate nutritional intake? (select all that apply) a. Transportation issues b. Income c. Socialization d. Social support resources e. Cultural food preferences

abd

The nurse caring for a Bosnian community identifies that the children are undervaccinated and the community is unaware of resources. The nurse assesses the community and determines that there is a health clinic within a 5-mile radius. The nurse meets with the community leaders and explains the need for immunizations, the location of the clinic, and the process of accessing health care resources. Which of the following practices is the nurse providing? (Select all that apply.) a. Providing community resources for the children b. Teaching the community about health promotion and illness prevention c. Promoting autonomy in decision-making about health practices d. Improving the health care of the community's children e. Participating in professional development activities to maintain nursing competency

abd

The parents of a school age child report that their 9-year-old son walks in his sleep almost every night. The school nurse includes which of the following elements of education? (select all that apply) a. Sleep disturbances are more common in the preschool and school-age years. b. Sleep disturbances occur most often in the first 1 to 2 hours after going to sleep. c. Girls are more prone to sleep disturbances than boys. d. Problems may be influenced by fatigue and stress within the child. e. Sleep disturbances are usually related to respiratory problems.

abd

A nurse on a pediatric unit is caring for an adolescent who has multiple fractures. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A. Suggest that his parents bring in video games for him to play. B. Provide a television and DVDs for the adolescent to watch. C. Limit visitors to the adolescent's immediate family. D. Involve the adolescent in treatment decisions when possible. E. Allow the adolescent to perform his own morning care

abde

Nurses caring for the young adult population maintain awareness about screening for hypertension. Which of the following statements are true about hypertension in young adults? (select all that apply) a. The Mexican American population has the lowest percentage of individuals with high blood pressure. b. African Americans have the highest rates of high blood pressure. c. Health insurance has a direct correlation with hypertension control. d. Adopting healthy behaviors after being diagnosed with hypertension will not reduce the incidence. e. The prevalence of treatment and control of hypertension is lowest in young adults.

abe

The nurse emphasizes warning signs of suicidal risks in adolescents during a health education class. These signs include: (select all that apply) a. difficulty concentrating. b. increased accidents. c. hyperactivity. d. lethargy. e. sleep disorders

abe

A nurse manager at a community agency is developing an orientation program for newly hired nurses. When discussing the differences between community‑based and community‑oriented nursing, the nurse should include which of the following situations as an example of community‑based nursing? (Select all that apply.) A. A home health nurse performing wound care for a client who is immobile B. An occupational health nurse providing classes on body mechanics at a local industrial plant C. A school nurse teaching a student who has asthma about medications D. A parish nurse teaching a class on low‑sodium cooking techniques E. A mental health nurse discussing stress management techniques with a support group

ac

A nursing student is preparing to read the methods section of a research article. What type of information will the student expect to find in this section? (Select all that apply.) a. How the researcher conducted the study b. A description about how to use the findings of the study c. The number and type of subjects who participated in the study d. Summaries of other research articles that support the need for this study e. Implications for future research studies

ac

The nurse in a community health clinic noticed an increase in the number of positive tuberculosis (TB) skin tests from students in a local high school during the most recent academic year. After comparing these numbers to the previous years, 10% increase in positive tests was found. The nurse contacts the school nurse and the director of the health department. Together they begin to expand their assessment to all students and employees of the school district. The community health nurse was acting in which nursing role(s)? (Select all that apply.) a. Epidemiologist b. Counselor c. Collaborator d. Case manager e. Caregiver

ac

The nurse working at a crisis hotline center assesses that which of the following callers is most at risk for suicide? (select two that apply) a. A 16-year-old girl who broke up with her boyfriend b. A 26-year old male who lost his job c. An 80-year-old male in constant pain from metastatic cancer d. A 40-year-old male whose brother died suddenly

ac

. A nurse is giving a presentation about accident prevention to a group of parents of toddlers. Which of the following accident‑prevention strategies should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Store toxic agents in locked cabinets. B. Keep toilet seats up. C. Turn pot handles toward the back of the stove. D. Place safety gates across stairways. E. Make sure balloons are fully inflated.

acd

A 45-year-old woman who is obese tells a nurse that she wants to lose weight. After conducting a thorough assessment, the nurse concludes that which of the following may be contributing factors to the woman's obesity? (Select all that apply.) a. The woman works in an executive position that is very demanding. b. The woman works out at the corporate gym at 5 am two mornings per week. c. The woman says that she has little time to prepare meals at home and eats out at least four nights a week. d. The woman says that she tries to eat "low-cholesterol" foods to help lose weight. e. The woman says that she vacations annually to reduce stress.

acd

A nurse is reviewing CDC immunization recommendations with a young adult client. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse recommend as routine, rather than catch‑up, during young adulthood? (Select all that apply.) A. Influenza B. Measles, mumps, rubella C. Pertussis D. Tetanus E. Polio

acd

The nurse working with the preschool age group educates parents about which of the following nutritional guidelines? (select all that apply) a. Preschool children should eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. b. Children aged 3 to 5 should receive 1000 to 1200 calories per day. c. Preschool children should consume approximately half of their diet in carbohydrates. d. Fat requirements in preschool children are higher than those for older children. e. Preschool fat intake should consist of saturated fats.

acd

What are the leading nutritional guidelines that are used for translation into law, policy, programs and consumer messages in the United States? (select all that apply) a. Dietary Reference Intakes b. Recommended Dietary Allowances c. Dietary Guidelines for Americans d. My Plate e. Food and Drug Administration

acd

A nurse is planning diversionary activities for preschoolers on an inpatient pediatric unit. Which of the following activities should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Assembling puzzles B. Pulling wheeled toys C. Using musical toys D. Playing with puppets E. Coloring with crayons

acde

A nurse is preparing a health promotion course for a group of middle adults. Which of the following strategies should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.) A. Eye examination every 1 to 3 years B. Decrease intake of calcium supplements C. DXA screening for osteoporosis D. Increase intake of carbohydrate in the diet E. Screening for

acde

A patient is admitted through the emergency department (ED) after a serious car accident. The nurse assesses the patient and quickly learns that he speaks little English. Spanish is his primary language. The nurse speaks some Spanish. Which interventions would be appropriate at this time? (Select all that apply.) a. The nurse requests a professional interpreter. b. Since this is an emergent situation, the nurse will interpret and identify the patient's priority needs. c. The nurse determines the interpreter's qualifications and makes sure that the interpreter can speak the patient's dialect. d. The nurse uses short sentences to explain the treatments provided in the ED. e. The nurse directs questions to the patient by looking at the patient instead of at the interpreter.

acde

Which of the following are Healthy People 2020 objectives for heart disease? (select all that apply) a. Reduce the proportion of adults with high total blood cholesterol levels. b. Decrease the number of persons requiring open-heart surgery. c. Reduce consumption of calories from solid fats and added sugars in the population aged 2 years and older. d. Increase the proportion of adults with coronary heart disease or stroke who have their LDL cholesterol level at or below recommended levels. e. Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese (to 30.6% from 34%). f. Increase the number of persons with heart disease who receive an aspirin at discharge.

acde

Which of the following are examples of problems with the health care system that contribute to health disparities? (Select all that apply.) a. A health care provider assumes that the patient missed two appointments because the patient does not care about his or her health and does not inquire about the reasons for missed visits. b. The discharge nurse at a hospital uses Teach Back with a patient to ensure that she has communicated the discharge instructions clearly. c. A community hospital lacks an adequate staff of social workers who are able to ensure patients' access to resources they need to take care of their health. d. A hospital discharges a patient without ensuring that the patient has a primary care provider and has made a follow-up appointment. e. A nurse uses a family member as an interpreter to explain the patient's medications. f. The hospital conducts quality improvement without stratifying data by race, ethnicity, language, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and other axes of social group identities.

acdef

A 48-year-old woman complains to her nurse that she is experiencing frequent episodes of insomnia. What are some measures the nurse should educate her about? (select all that apply) a. Insomnia is common for this age group. b. Engage in activity 1 to 2 hours before bed to encourage sleep. c. Avoid or reduce the amount of caffeinated beverages that are consumed. d. Occasional napping should be avoided. e. Have a regular schedule for waking and sleep

ace

A nurse is collecting history and physical examination data from a middle adult. The nurse should expect to find decreases in which of the following physiologic functions? (Select all that apply.) A. Metabolism B. Ability to hear low‑pitched sounds C. Gastric secretions D. Far vision E. Glomerular filtration

ace

Formation of positive health habits may prevent the development of chronic illness later in life. Which of the following are examples of positive health habits? (Select all that apply.) a. Routine screening and diagnostic tests b. Unprotected sexual activity c. Regular exercise d.eExcess alcohol consumption e. Consistent seat belt use

ace

Major goals in assessing each person's functional pattern are to determine: (select all that apply) a. ability to manage health-promoting activities. b. herbal medications that promote health. c. knowledge of health promotion. d. the need for physician referral for illness care. e. the value that the person ascribes to health promotion.

ace

The nurse counsels the older adult about the benefits of regular physical activity. What are the educational points to use when promoting strength training? (select all that apply) a. Strength training can improve balance. b. Strength training can increase the risk of falls. c. Strength training can strengthen bones. d. Strength training can reduce the incidence of acute illnesses. e. Strength training reduces blood glucose levels

ace

Which of the following techniques will help the infant development of trust vs. mistrust? (select all that apply) a. Respond to the infant in a consistent manner. b. Allow the infant to cry to avoid spoiling the child, particularly if the infant has just been fed and diapered. c. Respond to the infant in a prompt manner even if the child has physical needs met. d. Use a pacifier to soothe the infant when crying. e. Provide the infant with predictable and organized routines.

ace

You are caring for a family that consists of a father and 3-year-old boy who has well-managed asthma but misses care infrequently. They live in state-supported housing. The father is in school studying to be an information technology professional. His income and time are limited, and he admits to going to fast-food restaurants frequently for dinner. However, he and his son spend a lot of time together. The family receives state-supported health care for his son, but he does not have health insurance or a personal physician. He has his son enrolled in a government-assisted day care program. Which of the following are risks to this family's level of health? (Select all that apply.) a. Economic status b. Chronic illness c. Underinsured d. Government-assisted day care e. Frequency of fast-food dinners f. State-supported housing

ace

Nurses provide health education to people to assist them in achieving a goal of: (select all that apply) a. enhanced wellness. b. physician-directed care. c. management of a chronic condition. d. admission to tertiary-care facilities. e. wisely handling daily health care decisions. f. fostering successful changes in health behaviors.

acef

The nurse utilizes strategies associated with client-centered communication by doing which of the following? (select all that apply) a. Not being "too busy" to talk b. Focusing on the nurse's views c. Developing mutual understanding d. Emphasizing the technical aspects of care e. Using a conversational interviewing style f. Tuning in to the client's preferences and style

acef

A family is undergoing a major change. Just as twins graduate from college and leave home to begin their careers, the husband loses his executive well-paying job. Because the family had two children in college at the same time, they did not save for retirement. They planned to save aggressively after the children left college. In this situation, which of the following demonstrate family resiliency? (Select all that apply.) a. Resuming full-time work when spouse loses job b. Increasing problems among siblings c. Developing hobbies when children leave home c. Placing blame on family members e. Expecting children to help financially f. Consulting a financial planner

acf

The nurse is preparing a class on young adult risk factors for violence. The nurse includes content on which of the following? (select all that apply) a. Homicide is the second leading cause of death in young adults. b. Violence is becoming less prevalent globally. c. Homicide is the leading cause of death for black young men. d. Firearms are involved in less that ½ of homicides. e. More women than men are at risk for death from a firearm. f. The presence of firearms in the home is associated with the increased risk of firearm injury to children.

acf

A school nurse is counseling an obese 10-year-old child. Which factors would be important to consider when planning an intervention to support the child's health? (Select all that apply.) a. Consider both the child and the family when addressing the issue. b. Consider the use of medications to suppress the appetite. c. First plan for weight loss through dieting and then add activity as tolerated. d. Plan food intake to allow for growth. e. Consider consulting a bariatric surgeon if other measures fail.

ad

Which of the following methods of communication are most appropriate for use with individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a language barrier? (select all that apply) a. Utilize written communication with someone who is deaf or hard of hearing. b. Untrained personnel or relatives are acceptable interpreters as long as they are fluent in the language. c. Nonverbal messages are universal. d. Touch is an acceptable form of communication with the blind. e. Braille is used in communication with the deaf and hard of hearing.

ad

A 71-year-old patient enters the emergency department after falling down stairs in the home. The nurse is conducting a fall history with the patient and his wife. They live in a one-level ranch home. He has had diabetes for over 15 years and experiences some numbness in his feet. He wears bifocal glasses. His blood pressure is stable at 130/70. The patient does not exercise regularly and states that he experiences weakness in his legs when climbing stairs. He is alert, oriented, and able to answer questions clearly. What are the fall risk factors for this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Impaired vision b. Residence design c. Blood pressure d. Leg weakness e. Exercise history

ade

A nurse is assessing from a 2‑week‑old newborn during a routine checkup. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Select all that apply: A. Sleeps 14 to 16 hr each day B. Posterior fontanel closed C. Pincer grasp present D. Hands remain in a closed position E. Current weight same as birth weight

ade

Ethnicity is evident in customs of particular groups. Which of the following statements accurately reflect the definitions of culture, values and value orientation? (select all that apply) a. Culture refers to patterns of human behavior that include language, communication, customs and beliefs. b. Ethnicity is shaped by values, beliefs, norms, and practices that are shared by members of the same group. c. Health care beliefs and attitudes among ethnic groups are congruent with health care providers. d. Values are beliefs about the worth of something and serve as standards that influence behavior. e. Value orientations reflect the personality type of a particular society.

ade

Nurses have a responsibility to ensure health literacy when providing health education. What are some strategies that nurses can use to promote health literacy? (select all that apply) a. Speak clearly and distinctly b. Speak louder than usual. c. Use medical terminology. d. Face the person when speaking. e. Conclude with a summary of key points.

ade

Parents and caregivers who teach and model health-promotion concepts to school-age children can expect which of the following behaviors? (select all that apply) a. Children who develop good personal hygiene and dental care b. Children who become passive health care consumers c. Children who obey authority figures and do as they are told d. Children who make a link between behavior and improved health e. Children who develop health values as part of education

ade

The nurse offers interventions to parents to enhance toddlers' nutritional pattern by telling the parents to (select all that apply) a. avoid foods that may cause choking. b. serve the toddlers' favorite foods when he or she refuses to eat. c. send the toddler to bed if he or she does not want to eat. d. do not use food to bribe, reward, or punish the toddler. e. serve small portions, and let the toddler ask for more. f. serve single foods as mixtures of foods.

ade

The school nurse teaches which of the following dietary guidelines to the parents of children and adolescents? (select all that apply) a. Children should consume at least 3 cups of fruits and vegetables per day. b. Children require 4 cups of whole milk products per day. c. Children should consume 5 ounces of steak daily. d. Children should consume 5 ounces of lean meat or beans each day. e. Children and adolescents should consume 4 to 6 ounces of grains each day.

ade

What are some ethical standards that nurses can utilize for interpersonal communications? (select all that apply) a. Communicate information accurately. b. Take a laissez-faire approach to minimize conflict c. Change the subject when unsure of the correct answer. d. Be sensitive to gender and cultural context. e. Communicate verbal and nonverbal messages in a congruent manner.

ade

Which of the following statements accurately describe poverty in the United States according to the 2010 U.S. Census? (select all that apply) a. 15.1% of the population lived below poverty level. b. Hispanics have the highest rates of poverty. c. Poverty is higher in the West. d. Growth in income has not increased equally for all households. e. 25% of people living in poverty are older Americans.

ade

The nurse is teaching parents about strategies to help reduce preschooler unintentional poisonings in the home. Instructions would include: which of the following?(select all that apply) a. Post the poison control number near every telephone. b. Administer ipecac syrup immediately to the child suspected of swallowing poison. c. Transfer cleaning supplies to old, unattractive canisters. d. Teach the child about poisons at an early age. e. Use safety latches for drawers and cabinet doors. f. Store products in their original container.

adef

A male patient has been laid off from his construction job and has many unpaid bills. He is going through a divorce from his marriage of 15 years and has been seeing his pastor to help him through this difficult time. He does not have a primary health care provider because he has never really been sick and his parents never took him to a physician when he was a child. Which external variables influence the patient's health practices? (Select all that apply.) a. Difficulty paying his bills b. Seeing his pastor as a means of support c. Age of patient (46 years) d. Stress from the divorce and the loss of a job e. Family practice of not routinely seeing a health care provider

ae

. A nurse is caring for a client whose partner passed away 4 months ago and who has been recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. He is tearful and states, "How could you possibly understand what I am going through?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "It takes time to get over the loss of a loved one." B. "You are right. I cannot really understand. Perhaps you'd like to tell me more about what you're feeling." C."Why don't you try something to take your mind off your troubles, like watching a funny movie." D."I might not share your exact situation, but I do know what people go through when they deal with a loss."

b

. A nurse is planning care for a client who is a devout Muslim and is 3 days postoperative following a hip arthroplasty. The client is scheduled for two physical therapy sessions today. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates culturally appropriate care to the client? A. "I will make sure the menu includes kosher options." B. "I will discuss the daily schedule with the client to make sure the client will have time for prayer." C."I will make sure to use direct eye contact when speaking with this client." D."I will make sure daily communion is available for this client."

b

. A nurse is talking with a parent who is concerned about several issues with her preschooler. Which of the following issues should the nurse identify as the priority? A. "My son mimics my husband getting dressed." B. "My son has temper tantrums every time we tell him to do something he doesn't want to do." C."I think my son truly believes that his toys have personalities and talk to him." D."I feel bad when I see my son trying so hard to button his shirt."

b

. Which of the following strategies should a nurse use to establish a helping relationship with a client? A. Make sure the communication is equally reciprocal between the nurse and the client. B. Encourage the client to communicate his thoughts and feelings. C. Give the nurse‑client communication no time limits. D. Allow communication to occur spontaneously throughout the nurse‑client relationship.

b

A homebound older American would likely receive which of the following nutrition services? a. Congregate Nutrition Services Program b. Meals on Wheels c. Nutrition Services Incentive Program (NSIP) d. Indian Tribal Organization (ITO)

b

A hospice nurse is caring for a family that is providing end-of-life care for their grandmother, who has terminal breast cancer. When the nurse visits, the focus is on symptom management for the grandmother and helping the family with coping skills. This approach is an example of which of the following? a. Family as context b. Family as patient c. Family as system d. Family as structure

b

A nurse at a provider's office is talking about routine screenings with a 45‑year‑old female client who has no specific family history of cancer or diabetes mellitus. Which of the following client statements indicates that the client understands how to proceed? A. "So I don't need the colon cancer procedure for another 2 or 3 years." B. "For now, I should continue to have a mammogram each year." C."Because the doctor just did a Pap smear, I'll come back next year for another one." D."I had my blood glucose test last year, so I won't need it again till next year."

b

A nurse conducted an assessment of a new patient who came to the medical clinic. The patient is 82 years old and has had osteoarthritis for 10 years and diabetes mellitus for 20 years. He is alert but becomes easily distracted during the assessment. He recently moved to a new apartment, and his pet beagle died just 2 months ago. He is most likely experiencing: a. Dementia. b. Depression. c. Delirium. d. Hypoglycemic reaction.

b

A nurse in a provider's office is collecting data from the mother of a 12‑month‑old infant. The client states that her son is old enough for toilet training. Following an educational session with the nurse, the client now states that she will postpone toilet training until her son is older. Learning has occurred in which of the following domains? A. Cognitive B. Affective C. Psychomotor D. Kinesthetic

b

A nurse is assessing an older adult brought to the emergency department following a fall and wrist fracture. She notes that the patient is very thin and unkempt, has a stage 3 pressure ulcer to her coccyx, and has old bruising to the extremities in addition to her new bruises from the fall. She defers all of the questions to her caregiver son who accompanied her to the hospital. The nurse's next step is to: a. Call social services to begin nursing home placement. b. Ask the son to step out of the room so she can complete her assessment. c. Call adult protective services because you suspect elder mistreatment. d. Assess patient's cognitive status.

b

A nurse is caring for a school‑age child who is sitting in a chair. To facilitate effective communication, which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Touch the child's arm. B. Sit at eye level with the child. C. Stand facing the child. D. Stand with a relaxed posture.

b

A nurse is conducting health screenings at a statewide health fair and identifies several clients who require referral to a provider. Which of the following statements by a client indicates a barrier to accessing health care? A. "I don't drive, and my son is only available to take me places in the mornings." B. "I can't take off during the day, and the local after‑hours clinic is no longer in operation." C."Only one doctor in my town is a designated provider by my health maintenance organization." D."I would like to schedule an appointment with the local doctor in my town who speaks Spanish and English."

b

A nurse is evaluating how well a client learned the information he presented in an instructional session about following a heart‑healthy diet. The client states that she understands what to do now. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to evaluate the client's learning? A. Encourage the client to ask questions. B. Ask the client to explain how to select or prepare meals. C. Encourage the client to fill out an evaluation form. D. Ask the client if she has resources for further instruction on this topic.

b

A nurse is observing a client drawing up and mixing insulin. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication that psychomotor learning has taken place? A. The client is able to discuss the appropriate technique. B. The client is able to demonstrate the appropriate technique. C. The client states that he understands. D. The client is able to write the steps on a piece of paper

b

A nurse is planning a teaching session about healthy nutrition with a group of children who are in first grade. The nurse determines that after the teaching session the children will be able to name three examples of foods that are fruits. This is an example of: a. A teaching plan. b. A learning objective. c. Reinforcement of content. d. Enhancing the children's self-efficacy.

b

A nurse is reviewing car seat safety with the parents of a 1‑month‑old infant. When reviewing car seat use, which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Use a car seat that has a three‑point harness system. B. Position the car seat so that the infant is rear‑facing. C. Secure the car seat in the front passenger seat of the vehicle. D. Convert to a booster seat after 12 months

b

A nurse is talking with a client who recently attended a cholesterol screening event and a heart‑healthy nutrition presentation at a neighborhood center. The client's total cholesterol was 248 mg/dL. After seeing the provider, the client started taking medication to lower his cholesterol level. The client was later hospitalized for severe chest pain, and subsequently enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Which of the following activities for the client is an example of primary prevention? A. Cholesterol screening B. Nutrition presentation C. Medication therapy D. Cardiac rehabilitation

b

A nurse is teaching a young adult client about health promotion and illness prevention. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I already had my immunizations as a child, so I'm protected in that area." B. "It is important to schedule routine health care visits even if I am feeling well." C."I will just go to an urgent care center for my routine medical care." D."There's no reason to seek help if I am feeling stressed because it's just part of life."

b

A patient comes to the local health clinic and states: "I've noticed how many people are out walking in my neighborhood. Is walking good for you?" What is the best response to help the patient through the stages of change for exercise? a. "Walking is OK. I really think running is better." b. "Yes, walking is great exercise. Do you think you could go for a 5-minute walk next week?" c. "Yes, I want you to begin walking. Walk for 30 minutes every day and start to eat more fruits and vegetables." d. "They probably aren't walking fast enough or far enough. You need to spend at least 45 minutes if you are going to do any good."

b

A patient needs to learn how to administer a subcutaneous injection. Which of the following reflects that the patient is ready to learn? a. Describing difficulties a family member has had in taking insulin b. Expressing the importance of learning the skill correctly c. Being able to see and understand the markings on the syringe d. Having the dexterity needed to prepare and inject the medication

b

A person reports his exercise pattern is one golf game per week. The nurse evaluates this pattern and teaches the individual that: a. exercise should include jogging. b. exercises should be repetitive. c. golfing one time per week is adequate. d. weekly workouts at the gym should be included.

b

A researcher is studying the effectiveness of an individualized evidence-based teaching plan on young women's intention to wear sunscreen to prevent skin cancer. In this study, which of the following research terms best describes the individualized evidence-based teaching plan? a. Sample b. Intervention c. Survey d. Results

b

According to Piaget, which of the following operations are displayed as the child begins to add flexibility and control to their thinking? a. Formal b. Concrete c. Abstract d. Egocentric

b

After a class on Pender's health promotion model, students make the following statements. Which statement does the faculty member need to clarify? a. "The desired outcome of the model is health-promoting behavior." b. "Perceived self-efficacy is not related to the model." c. "The individual has unique characteristics and experiences that affect his or her actions." d. "Patients need to commit to a plan of action before they adopt a health-promoting behavior."

b

As part of a faith community nursing program in her church, a nurse is developing a health promotion program on breast self-examination for the women's group. Which statement made by one of the participants is related to the individual's perception of susceptibility to an illness? a. "I have a door hanging tag in my bathroom to remind me to do my breast self-examination monthly." b. "Since my mother had breast cancer, I know that I am at increased risk for developing breast cancer." c. "Since I am only 25 years of age, the risk of breast cancer for me is very low." d. "I participate every year in our local walk/run to raise money for breast cancer research."

b

Following a community assessment that focused on adolescent health behaviors, the nurse determines that a large number of adolescents smoke and designs a smoking cessation at the youth community center. This is an example of which nursing role: a. Educator b. Counselor c. Collaborator d. Case manager

b

In the United States, there has never been a president of Asian or Hispanic culture. This is an example of: a. Social inequality b. Marginalization c. Under inclusion d. Social location

b

One concern that nurses have when using self-disclosure during therapeutic interactions is that: a. revealing oneself assists in developing a helping relationship. b. it may cross a boundary from a professional to a personal relationship. c. care recipients value nurses who engage in interactions as real people. d. it creates reciprocity involving a mutual exchange between the nurse and the care recipient.

b

Piaget's stage of cognitive development states that characteristics of the sensorimotor stage include: a. development of egocentric animistic and magical thinking. b. development of the concept of object permanence. c. consideration of others' points of view. d. thought dominated by senses.

b

The communication of health information in a manner which is clear and understandable is known as: a. empowerment. b. health literacy. c. health disparities. d. health education.

b

The increasing number of ethnic groups in the United States has been influenced by what? a. Communicable diseases in disadvantaged countries b. Increasing immigration c. Homelessness d. Healthcare reform

b

The nurse assesses the preschooler's coping mechanisms as being developmentally appropriate through observation of: a. temper tantrums. b. fantasy play. c. separation anxiety. d. flexible bedtime rituals.

b

The nurse in the well-baby clinic informs the mother of a 6-month-old infant about introducing solid foods by instructing her to: a. feed the baby solids before the milk. b. make the baby's solid foods smooth and runny. c. introduce solid foods by adding it to the baby's formula bottle. d. mix a little honey in the fruit to stimulate the infant's taste buds.

b

The nurse initiates an exercise program with middle-aged adults by: a. planning physical activity for a minimum of 45 minutes. b. considering activities that have the least potential for injury. c. counseling the adult that exercise should be rigorous to produce results. d. advising that the heart rate should double during exercise for cardiovascular benefits to be achieved.

b

The nurse is preparing education on prevention of urinary tract infections. A principle emphasized in the teaching plan would be: a. Decreasing oral intake facilitates urinary dilution. b. Empty the bladder at the first sensation of fullness. c. Frequency is a common symptom that can be ignored. d. Increasing time between urinations decreases the risk of infection.

b

The nurse is teaching about primary prevention and includes which educational statement in the instructions? a. Everyone should participate in colorectal cancer screening. b. Health teaching about the risk factors of heart disease should be performed. c. Limiting disability is a vital role of nursing since preventive measures are therapeutic. d. The nurse is involved in minimizing the effects of disease and disability by surveillance and maintenance.

b

The nurse is teaching prenatal couples about the critical principles of attachment. These principles include: a. parents of sick infants become attached as quickly as those of healthy infants. b. the mother and father should have close contact with their infant within minutes after birth. c. it is mandatory for the father to witness the birth process so that bonding and attachment will occur. d. parents take on the active role when interacting with their infant, realizing that their infant will be unresponsive.

b

The nurse recognizes that a minority group is perceived as: a. capturing biological variations within human populations. b. people who receive less than their share of wealth, power, or social status. c. people set apart on the basis of cultural or national origin characteristics. d. socially organized groups with salient differences with respect to other groups in society.

b

The nurse teaches parents that the most important factor in the child's physical, emotional, and cognitive development is: a. parental maturity. b. parental influence. c. experiences with children. d. how they were nurtured as children.

b

The nurse, teaching a class on primary prevention at a women's health club, emphasizes participation in: a. physician visits during illness. b. recommended immunization schedules. c. taking antibiotics at the first sign of symptoms. d. water aerobics to develop muscle building.

b

What is the most common reason for calling on grandparents to raise their grandchildren? a. Single parenthood b. Legal interventions c. Dual-income families d. Increased divorce rate

b

When a nurse is teaching a patient about how to administer an epinephrine injection in case of a severe allergic reaction, the nurse tells the patient to hold the injection like a dart. Which of the following instructional methods did the nurse use? a. Telling b. Analogy c. Demonstration d. Simulation

b

When assessing the older adult for sleep quality, the nurse expects to find that the person will state: a. "I continue to be a night owl." b. "I experience difficulty returning to sleep." c. "I experience a night of deep sleep." d. "I rarely wake up during the night."

b

When the nurse is assessing a toddler for signs of child abuse, observations of parental behavior may include: a. difficulty leaving the child. b. parental delays in seeking help. c. spontaneous reporting of the details of the injury. d. parental questions about progress and discharge.

b

Which assessment technique will elicit the best information on the quality of life from individuals and families in a target population? a. Collect information on infant mortality. b. Involve the people in a self-study. c. Analyze health care coverage statistics. d. Review the epidemiological data of the people.

b

Which question best assists the nurse who is helping a person to formulate the problem as a step in the problem-solving process? a. "What pattern is there?" b. "What do you want to see changed?" c. "What would you do the next time?" d. "What meaning does this have for you?"

b

Which statement made by a nurse shows that the nurse is engaging in an activity to help cope with secondary traumatic stress and burnout? a. "I don't need time for lunch since I am not very hungry." b. "I am enjoying my quilting group that meets each week at my church." c. "I am going to drop my gym membership because I don't have time to go." d. "I don't know any of the other nurses who met today to discuss hospital-wide problems with nurse satisfaction."

b

Which theorist developed his ideas based on interviews that focused on hypothetical moral dilemmas? a. Gilligan b. Kohlberg c. Piaget d. Erikson

b

With the exception of pregnant or lactating women, the young adult has usually completed physical growth by the age of: a. 18. b. 20. c. 25. d. 30.

b

You are caring for a 4-year-old child who is hospitalized for an infection. He tells you that he is sick because he was "bad." Which is the most correct interpretation of his comment? a. Indicative of extreme stress b. Representative of his cognitive development c. Suggestive of excessive discipline at home d. Indicative of his developing sense of inferiority

b

Young adults are screened for cervical cancer through assessment of known risk factors that include: a. obesity. b. smoking. c. hypertension. d. alcohol use.

b

A group of nurses on the research council of a local hospital are measuring nursing-sensitive outcomes. Which of the following is a nursing-sensitive outcome that the nurses need to consider measuring? (Select all that apply.) a. Frequency of low blood sugar episodes in children at a local school b. The number of patients who develop a urinary tract infection from a Foley catheter c. Number of patients who fall and experience subsequent injury on the evening shift d. Number of sexually active adolescent girls who attend the community-based clinic for birth control e. Patient reported quality of life following coronary artery bypass graft surgery and cardiac rehabilitation

bc

A nurse is reviewing information about the local health department to prepare for an interview. Which of the following services should the nurse expect the local health department to provide? (Select all that apply.) A. Managing the Women, Infants, and Children program B. Providing education to achieve community health goals C. Coordinating directives from state personnel D. Reporting communicable diseases to the CDC E. Licensing of registered nurses

bc

According to the Centers for Disease Control, what are the leading causes of death in the older population? (select two that apply) a. Diabetes b. Heart disease c. Cancer d. Stroke e. Alzheimer's disease

bc

The nurse is planning to teach a patient about the importance of exercise. When is the best time for teaching to occur? (Select all that apply.) a. When there are visitors in the room b. When the patient states that he or she is pain free c. Just before lunch, when the patient is most awake and alert d. When the patient is talking about current stressors in his or her life e. When the patient is being transported for a procedure

bc

A family has decided to care for their father who is in the last stages of a debilitating neurological illness. Although he is alert, he cannot speak clearly or carry out self-care activities; he indicates that he wants to remain involved in family life as long as possible and loves spending time with his wife and two teenage children. Which best defines family caregiving? (Select all that apply.) a. Designing a nurturing family to raise children b. Providing physical and emotional care for a family member c. Establishing a safe physical environment for a family d. Monitoring for side effects of illness and treatments e. Reducing the use of community resources

bcd

A nurse is providing information on prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) to the mother of a young infant. Which of the following statements indicates that the mother has a good understanding? (Select all that apply.) a. "I won't use a pacifier to help my baby sleep." b. "I'll be sure that my baby doesn't spend any time on her abdomen." c. "I'll place my baby on her back for sleep." d. "I'll be sure to keep my baby's room cool." e. "I'll keep a crib bumper in the bed to prevent drafts."

bcd

A nurse is reviewing safety precautions with a group of young adults at a community health fair. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include to address common health risks for this age group? (Select all that apply.) A. Install bath rails and grab bars in bathrooms. B. Wear a helmet while skiing. C. Install a carbon monoxide detector. D. Secure firearms in a safe location. E. Remove throw rugs from the home.

bcd

A nurse researcher wants to conduct historical research. Which of the following ideas for a study could the nurses conduct? (Select all that apply.) a. Determining the effect of unemployment on emergency room usage b. Understanding how Clara Barton shaped nursing in America c. Evaluating the effect of the Vietnam war on nursing leadership and practice d. Analyzing the evolution of nursing and patient care during recent disasters e. Investigating barriers to exercise in women who have become mothers in the past year

bcd

The mother of a 7‑month‑old infant tells the nurse at the pediatric clinic that her baby has been fussy with occasional loose stools since she started feeding him fruits and vegetables. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? (Select all that apply.) A. "It might be good to add bananas, as they can help with loose stools." B. "Let's make a list of the foods he is eating so we can spot any problems." C."Did the changes begin after you started one particular food?" D."Has he been vomiting since he started these new foods?" E. "Most babies react with a little indigestion when you start new foods."

bcd

A nurse is planning a presentation for a group of older adults about health promotion and disease prevention. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to recommend? (Select all that apply.) A. Human papilloma virus (HPV) immunization B. Pneumococcal immunization C. Yearly eye examination D. Periodic mental health screening E. Annual fecal occult blood test

bcde

Which of the following are symptoms of secondary traumatic stress and burnout that commonly affect nurses? (Select all that apply.) a. Regular participation in a book club b. Lack of interest in exercise c. Difficulty falling asleep d. Lack of desire to go to work e. Anxiety while working

bcde

. A nurse is collecting data to evaluate a middle adult's psychosocial development. The nurse should expect middle adults to demonstrate which of the following developmental tasks? (Select all that apply.) A. Develop an acceptance of diminished strength and increased dependence on others. B. Spend time focusing on improving job performance. C. Welcome opportunities to be creative and productive. D. Commit to finding friendship and companionship. E. Become involved with community issues and activities

bce

A 50-year-old man is initiating an exercise program to help improve his cardiovascular health. What are some of the recommended guidelines that the nurse should instruct him on? (select all that apply) a. Every adult over the age of 50 should start with a daily running program. b. Overexertion should be avoided. c. Increase fluid intake during periods of strenuous exercise in hot weather. d. Adults over the age of 50 benefit from intense strength training. e. Suggested activities include walking, jogging, swimming and bicycling

bce

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following nursing interventions for stress, coping, and adherence to the treatment plan should the nurse initiate at this time? (Select all that apply.) A. Suggest coping skills for the client to use in this situation. B. Allow the client to provide input in the treatment plan. C. Assist the client with time management, and address the client's priorities. D. Provide extensive instructions on the client's treatment regimen. E. Encourage the client in the expression of feelings and concerns

bce

A nurse is caring for a patient preparing for discharge from the hospital the next day. The patient does not read. His family caregiver will be visiting before discharge. What can the nurse do to facilitate the patient's understanding of his discharge instructions? (Select all that apply.) a. Yell so the patient can hear you. b. Sit facing the patient so he is able to watch your lip movements and facial expressions. c. Present one idea or concept at a time. d. Send a written copy of the instructions home with him and tell him to have the family review them. e. Include the family caregiver in the teaching session

bce

A nurse is participating in a health and wellness event at the local community center. A woman approaches and relates that she is worried that her widowed father is becoming more functionally impaired and may need to move in with her. The nurse inquires about his ability to complete activities of daily living (ADLs). ADLs include independence with: (Select all that apply.) a. Driving. b. Toileting c. Bathing. d. Daily exercise. e. Eating.

bce

A nurse is reviewing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) immunization recommendations with the parents of preschoolers. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse include in this discussion? (Select all that apply.) A. Haemophilus influenzae type B B. Varicella C. Polio D. Hepatitis A E. Seasonal influenza

bce

A patient's family member is considering having her mother placed in a nursing center. The nurse has talked with the family before and knows that this is a difficult decision. Which of the following criteria does the nurse recommend in choosing a nursing center? (Select all that apply.) a. The center needs to be clean, and rooms should look like a hospital room. b. Adequate staffing is available on all shifts. c. Social activities are available for all residents. d. The center provides three meals daily with a set menu and serving schedule. e. Staff encourage family involvement in care planning and assisting with physical care.

bce

The nurse assesses the following risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in a female patient. Which factors are classified as genetic and physiological? (Select all that apply.) a. Sedentary lifestyle b. Mother died from CAD at age 48 c. History of hypertension d. Eats diet high in sodium e. Elevated cholesterol level

bce

When you care for a patient who does not speak English, it is necessary to call on a professional interpreter. Which of the following are proper principles for working with interpreters? (Select all that apply.) a. Expect the interpreter to interpret your statements word-for-word so there is no misunderstanding by the patient. b. If you feel an interpretation is not correct, stop and address the situation directly with the interpreter. c. Pace a conversation so there is time for the patient's response to be interpreted d. Direct your questions to the interpreter. e. Ask the patient for feedback and clarification at regular intervals

bce

During a home health visit a nurse talks with a patient and his family caregiver about the patient's medications. The patient has hypertension and renal disease. Which of the following findings place him at risk for an adverse drug event? (Select all that apply.) a. Taking two medications for hypertension b. Taking a total of eight different medications during the day c. Having one physician who reviews all medications d. Patient's health history of renal disease e. Involvement of the caregiver in helping with medication administration

bd

Which of the following physical changes are expected during the toddler years? (select all that apply) a. Growth in height of 4 to 6 inches per year b. Weight gain of 4 to 6 pounds per year c. Urine specific gravity lower than that of an adult d. Bowel control generally occurs before urinary control e. Increase in heart rate because of increase in size

bd

A nurse is collecting data from an older adult client as part of a comprehensive physical examination. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect as associated with aging? (Select all that apply.) A. Skin thickening B. Decreased height C. Increased saliva production D. Nail thickening E. Decreased bladder capacity

bde

A nurse is reviewing the CDC's immunization recommendations with the parents of an adolescent. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in this discussion? (Select all that apply.) A. Rotavirus B. Varicella C. Herpes zoster D. Human papilloma virus E. Seasonal influenza

bde

A nurse is using an interpreter to communicate with a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse use when communicating with a client and his family? (Select all that apply.) A. Talk to the interpreter about the family while the family is in the room. B. Ask the family one question at a time. C. Look at the interpreter when asking the family questions. D. Use lay terms if possible. E. Do not interrupt the interpreter and the family as they talk.

bde

Four distinct models have been used to describe concepts of health. Which of the following statements accurately describes some of the models used? (select all that apply) a. In the clinical health model, health and illness are defined by signs and symptoms of disease. b. The role performance model of health defines health in terms of individuals' ability to perform social roles. c. The clinical model is the basis for occupational health evaluations. d. In the adaptive model of health, people's ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change is the measure of their health. e. In the eudaimonistic model, exuberant well-being indicates optimal health.

bde

Health literacy is the capacity to read, comprehend, and follow through on health information and is a crucial component of health promotion. What are some of the techniques nurses can utilize to reduce low health literacy? (select all that apply) a. Communicate in a standing position to demonstrate authority. b. Create a safe and comfortable environment. c. Refer the client to websites for clarification of conditions and procedures. d. Establish eye contact during communication. e. Have the client teach back the information they have been provided to assess understanding.

bde

The nurse assesses a community for evidence of health-promotion strategies. Which of the following are health-promotion strategies? (select all that apply) a. Seeking primary care in the acute care hospital b. Self-care for minor illness c. Entry into acute care facilities to manage chronic illness d. Environmental changes to enhance clean air e. Supporting Habitat for Humanity house construction

bde

The nurse is assessing a 12-year-old female with an admission diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. The data collected that support this diagnosis should include: (select all that apply) a. binge eating followed by purging. b. compulsive physical activity. c. eating an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat. d. preoccupation with food. d. self-starvation with significant weight loss.

bde

Which of the following statements are true about cultural competency in health care? (select all that apply) a. Recognizing and accepting cultural diversity achieves cultural competency. b. Cultural competency is a major element in eliminating health disparities. c. There is no association between the care recipient's cultural background and the health care providers' cultural beliefs. d. Health care services are to be provided that are respectful of and responsive to the diverse health beliefs of the care recipient. e. Health care providers must be aware of how people interpret their health issues or illnesses.

bde

The nurse discusses discipline for school-age children with a group of parents at a parent-teacher association meeting. Principles include (select all that apply) a. focusing on the misbehavior in an attempt to eliminate it. b. using distraction or substitution to avoid a problem situation. c. ignoring the child's whining after a decision has been made. d. using humor to decreases the intensity of the situation. e. modeling appropriate behavior. f. setting age-relevant limits.

bdef

Which of the following are goals of Gilligan's stages of moral development for women in the postconventional stage? (select all that apply) a. Agree upon rights b. Principle of nonviolence c. Justice d. Personal moral standards e. Do not hurt self or others

be

The nurse is organizing a disease prevention program for a specific cultural group. To effectively meet the needs of this group the nurse will: (Select all that apply.) a. Assess the needs of the community in general. b. Involve those affected by the problem in the planning process. c. Develop generalized goals and objectives for the program. d. Use educational materials that are simplistic and have many pictures. e. Assess commonly held health beliefs among the cultural group. f. Educate the specific cultural group about Western concepts of health and illness. g. Include cultural practices that are relevant to the specific community.

beg

A community health nurse is implementing health programs with several populations in the local area. In which of the following situations is the nurse using primary prevention? A. Performing a home safety check at a client's home B. Teaching healthy nutrition to clients who have hypertension C. Providing influenza immunizations to employees at a local preschool D. Implementing a program to notify individuals exposed to a communicable disease

c

A condition of the bone that is the result of bone lysis exceeding the rate of bone matrix synthesis is called: a. osteoarthritis. b. kyphosis. c. osteopenia. d. osteoporosis.

c

A new nurse is caring for a hospitalized obese patient who is homeless. This is the first time the patient has been admitted to the hospital, and the patient is scheduled for surgery. Which of the following is a universal skill that will help the nurse work effectively with this patient? a. The nurse shifts her focus to understanding the patient by asking her, "Describe for me the course of your illness." b. The nurse tells the patient, "Your choices of foods and unwillingness to exercise are adding to your health problems." c. The nurse asks the patient, "Tell me about the main problems you have had with your health from not having a home." d. The nurse explains, "Because you have obesity, it is important to know the effects it has on wound healing because of reduced tissue perfusion."

c

A nurse has worked in a home health agency for a number of years. She goes to visit a patient who has diabetes and who lives in a public housing facility. This is the first time the nurse has cared for the patient. The patient has four other family members who live with her in the one-bedroom apartment. Which of the following, based on Campinha-Bacote's (2002) model of cultural competency, is an example of cultural awareness? a. The nurse begins a discussion with the patient by asking, "Tell me about your family members who live with you?" b. The nurse asks, "What do you believe is needed to make you feel better?" c. The nurse silently reflects about how her biases regarding poverty can influence how she assesses the patient. d. The nurse uses a therapeutic and caring approach to how she interacts with the patient.

c

A nurse is caring for a client who is crying while reading from his devotional book. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take? A. Contact the hospital's spiritual services. B. Ask him what is making him cry. C. Provide quiet times for these moments. D. Turn on the television for a distraction.

c

A nurse is caring for a client who shares the nurse's religious background. Which of the following information should the nurse anticipate? A. Members of the same religion share similar feelings about their religion. B. A shared religious background generates mutual regard for one another. C. The same religious beliefs can influence individuals differently. D. The nurse and client should discuss the differences and commonalities in their beliefs.

c

A nurse is completing an assessment on a male patient, age 24. Following the assessment, the nurse notes that his physical and laboratory findings are within normal limits. Because of these findings, nursing interventions are directed toward activities related to: a. Instructing him to return in 2 years. b. Instructing him in secondary prevention. c. Instructing him in health promotion activities. d. Implementing primary prevention with vaccines.

c

A nurse is providing preoperative education for a client who will undergo a mastectomy the next day. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is ready to learn? A. "I don't want my spouse to see my incision." B. "Will you give me pain medicine after the surgery?" C."Can you tell me about how long the surgery will take?" D."My roommate listens to everything I say."

c

A nurse is reviewing nutritional guidelines with the parents of a 2‑year‑old toddler. Which of the following parent statements should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the teaching? A. "I should keep feeding my son whole milk until he is 3 years old." B. "It's okay for me to give my son a cup of apple juice with each meal." C."I'll give my son about 2 tablespoons of each food at mealtimes." D."My son loves popcorn, and I know it is better for him than sweets."

c

A nurse is talking with an adolescent who is having difficulty dealing with several issues. Which of the following issues should the nurse identify as the priority? A. "I kind of like this boy in my class, but he doesn't like me back." B. "I want to hang out with the kids in the science club, but the jocks pick on them." C."I am so fat, I skip meals to try to lose weight." D."My dad wants me to be a lawyer like him, but I just want to dance."

c

A nurse is talking with the parents of a 10‑year‑old child who is concerned that their son is becoming secretive, such as closing the door when he showers, and dresses. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "Perhaps you should try to find out what he is doing behind those closed doors." B. "Suggest that he leave the door ajar for his own safety." C."At this age, children tend to become modest and value their privacy." D."You should establish a disciplinary plan to

c

A nurse is teaching the father of a 12‑year‑old boy about manifestations of puberty. The nurse should explain that which of the following physical changes occurs first? A. Appearance of downy hair on the upper lip B. Hair growth in the axillae C. Enlargement of the testes and scrotum D. Deepening of the voice

c

A nurse researcher is collecting data following approval from the institutional review board (IRB). In which part of the research process is this nurse? a. Analyzing the data b. Designing the study c. Conducting the study d. Identifying the problem

c

A nurse researcher wants to know what factors are associated with a person's decision to exercise. The nurse distributes a survey to people who recently joined an exercise wellness program and analyzes the data to determine what factors and characteristics are most significantly linked to the decision to start exercising. What type of a research study is this? a. Qualitative b. Descriptive c. Correlational d. Randomized controlled trial

c

A nurse tells a childbirth education class consisting of pregnant women and their coaches that alcohol use poses serious risks to the fetus. After the class, one woman comments, "Do you really think that having a drink once in a while is bad for the baby? I'm sick of being told that I can't do things because of the baby." This is an example of: a. self concept. b. bias. c. values clarification. d. empowering beliefs.

c

A nurse working on a postpartum unit of a large urban hospital has received a grant to begin a "Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative" developed by WHO. When explaining the major premises of the initiative to her unit manager, the nurse should stress which of the following? a. "This program is meant to encourage sibling visits in the early postpartum period so adjustment to a new baby is a smooth process." b. "A major goal of this program is to ensure that all infant/pediatric units have implemented basic safety initiatives." c. "Improving nutrition by promoting breast feeding of newborns through age four months is what this program is all about." d. "The purpose of this program is to make sure that all health care providers who care for newborns and children up to the age of 18 really understand basic principles of growth and development."

c

A nursing student is giving a presentation to a group of other nursing students about the needs of patients with mental illnesses in the community. The nursing professor needs to clarify the student's presentation when the student states: a. "Many patients with mental illness do not have a permanent home." b. "Unemployment is a common problem experienced by people with a mental illness." c. "The majority of patients with mental illnesses live in long-term care settings." d. "Patients with mental illnesses are often at a higher risk for abuse and assault."

c

A parent has brought her 6-month-old infant in for a well-child check. Which of her statements indicates a need for further teaching? a. "I can start giving her whole milk at about 12 months." b. "I can continue to breastfeed for another 6 months." c. "I've started giving her plenty of fruit juice as a way to increase her vitamin intake." d. "I can start giving her solid food now."

c

A patient had surgery for a total knee replacement a week ago and is currently participating in daily physical rehabilitation sessions at the surgeon's office. In what level of prevention is the patient participating? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Quaternary prevention

c

A patient newly diagnosed with cervical cancer is going home. The patient is avoiding discussion of her illness and postoperative orders. What is the nurse's best plan in teaching this patient? a. Teach the patient's spouse b. Focus on knowledge the patient will need in a few weeks c. Provide only the information that the patient needs to go home d. Convince the patient that learning about her health is necessary

c

A patient registered at the local fitness center and purchased a pair of exercise shoes. The patient is in what stage of behavioral change? a. Precontemplation b. Contemplation c. Preparation d. Action

c

A woman is scheduled for ambulation in the early morning of the first day after undergoing an abdominal hysterectomy. The nurse uses consensual validation of the individual's understanding of the plan of care by stating: a. "I will be back at 9 AM to take you on a walk." b. "The doctor wants you to walk one time this morning." c. "Tell me where you would like to walk this morning." d. "Walking soon after a surgical procedure prevents complications."

c

According to the National Resource Center on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Aging, it is estimated that between __________ of older residents living in long-term care facilities are malnourished. a. 10% and 15% b. 20% and 25% c. 35% and 50% d. 55% and 70%

c

Any combination of planned experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make quality health decisions is known as: a. health promotion. b. health counseling. c. health education. d. health knowledge.

c

Based on the transtheoretical model of change, what is the most appropriate response to a patient who states: "Me, stop smoking? I've been smoking since I was 16!" a. "That's fine. Some people who smoke live a long life." b. "OK. I want you to decrease the number of cigarettes you smoke by one each day, and I'll see you in 1 month." c. "I understand. Can you think of the greatest reason why stopping smoking would be challenging for you?" d. "I'd like you to attend a smoking cessation class this week and use nicotine replacement patches as directed."

c

Bloom (1984) has developed a hierarchy of cognitive levels in the adult learner. The analysis cognitive level for the adult learner would be: a. recalling specific facts. b. grasping the meaning of the communicated message. c. breaking down material into its constituent parts while noting their relationship. d. applying knowledge in the form of abstractions and ideas to concrete situations.

c

During an encounter with an elderly patient, the nurse recognizes that a thorough cultural assessment is necessary because the patient has recently come to the United States from Russia and has never been hospitalized before. The nurse wants to discuss cultural similarities between herself and the patient. Which step of the LEARN mnemonic is this? a. Listen b. Explain c. Acknowledge d. Recommend treatment e. Negotiate agreement

c

During middle adulthood, physiological changes affect most bodily systems. These changes include: a. increased cardiac output. b. increased glomerular filtration rates. c. thinning of the intervertebral disks. d. decreased bone density and mass.

c

In addition to changes in ethnic and racial distribution within the population, it is expected that changes in _______ distribution will affect health promotion practice. a. geographic b. environmental c. age d. social

c

In assessing the nutritional-metabolic pattern, the nurse performs an examination of: a. attention span. b. blood pressure. c. mucous membranes. d. urine color.

c

Nurses in a community clinic have seen an increase in the numbers of obese children. The nurses who care for children are discussing ways to reduce childhood obesity. One nurse asks a colleague, "I wonder what the most effective ways are to help school-aged children maintain a healthy weight?" This question is an example of a/an: a. Hypothesis. b. PICOT question. c. Problem-focused trigger. d. Knowledge-focused trigger.

c

Parents are concerned about their toddler's negativism. To avoid a negative response, which of the following is the best way for a nurse to demonstrate asking the toddler to eat his or her lunch? a. Would you like to eat your lunch now? b. When would you like to eat your lunch? c. Would you like apple slices or applesauce with your sandwich? d. Would you like to sit at the big table to eat?

c

Pregnant women are counseled about rubella screening and vaccination. Which of the following conditions are associated with congenital rubella syndrome? a. Blindness b. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) c. Developmental delay d. Autism

c

The Collins family includes a mother; stepfather, two teenage biological daughters of the mother; and a 25-year-old biological daughter of the father. The father's daughter just moved home following the loss of her job in another city. The family is converting a study into Stacey's bedroom and is in the process of distributing household chores. When you talk to members of the family, they all think that their family can adjust to lifestyle changes. This is an example of family: a. Diversity. b. Durability. c. Resiliency. d. Configuration.

c

The individual's perceived health and well-being and how health is managed describes the: a. cognitive-perceptual pattern. b. coping-stress tolerance pattern. c. health perception-health management pattern d. self-perception-self-concept pattern

c

The nurse assesses a family's coping-stress tolerance pattern by exploring their: a. cultural beliefs. b. traditions and practices. c. dysfunctional adaptive strategies. d. expectations of marriage and parenthood.

c

The nurse assesses the cognitive abilities of the adolescent according to Piaget's stage of formal operations as: a. accepting family beliefs and values. b. developing extrovert behaviors. c. having an intolerance of things as they are d. recognizing the importance of putting others' needs ahead of one's own.

c

The nurse assessing a 24-month-old toddler expects expressive language to include: a. repeats 2 digits from memory. b. jargon and echolalia are predominately used. c. talks in word phrases, and 2 to 3 word sentences. d. average sentence length is approximately 2½ words.

c

The nurse is preparing a class on wellness and health promotion for a group of middle school students. Developmental tasks of early adolescence include a learning focus emphasis on: a. coping with life events and problems. b. economic responsibility. c. risk taking and its consequences. d. social responsibility for self and others.

c

The nurse is teaching 8- and 9-year-old children about safe bicycling. The nurse emphasizes the principles of transportation safety, including: a. riding on the side of the road traveling opposite to the traffic. b. riding the bike through the cross walks after checking for traffic. c. wearing an approved, properly fitting helmet when bicycling. d. using a backpack to carry objects instead of the back basket.

c

The nurse is working with an older adult after an acute hospitalization. The goal is to help this person be more in touch with time, place, and person. Which intervention will likely be most effective? a. Reminiscence b. Validation therapy c. Reality orientation d. Body image interventions

c

The nurse sees a 76-year-old woman in the outpatient clinic. She states that she recently started noticing a glare in the lights at home. Her vision is blurred; and she is unable to play cards with her friends, read, or do her needlework. The nurse suspects that the woman may have: a. Presbyopia. b. Presbycusis c. Cataract(s). d. Depression.

c

The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of medication errors on their unit. They decide to evaluate the medication administration process based on data gained from chart reviews and direct observation of nurses administering medications. Which process are the nurses using? a. Evidence-based practice. b. Research. c. Quality improvement. d. Problem identification.

c

The school nurse is performing scoliosis screening on 14-year-old girls. Signs indicative of scoliosis include: a. alignment of the spinous processes. b. lower scapula height on the side of thoracic convexity. c. thoracic convexity with lateral spine curvature. d. waist and leg symmetry.

c

The time during which infants develop the coordination to master activities which allow them to interact with the environment is known as the: a. reflexive period. b. psychosocial period. c. sensorimotor period. d. immunological period.

c

What is the appropriate order for the following steps of evidence-based practice (EBP)? 1. Integrate the evidence. 2. Ask the burning clinical question. 3. Create a spirit of inquiry 4. Evaluate the practice decision or change. 5. Share the results with others. 6. Critically evaluate the evidence you gather. 7. Collect the most relevant and best evidence. a. 2, 3, 7, 6, 4, 1, 5 b. 3, 2, 7, 1, 6, 5, 4 c. 3, 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5 d. 2, 3, 6, 7, 1, 4, 5

c

What is the expected order of gross-motor development beginning with the earliest skill? 1. Move from prone to sitting unassisted 2. Sit down from standing position 3. Sit upright without support 4. Roll from abdomen to back 5. Can turn from side to back a. 5, 4, 2, 1, 3 b. 5, 4, 1, 2, 3 c. 5, 4, 3, 1, 2 d. 4, 5, 1, 3, 2

c

When planning for instruction on cardiac diets to a patient with heart failure, which of the following instructional methods would be the most appropriate for someone identified as a visual/spatial learner? a. Printed pamphlets on cardiovascular disease and dietary recommendations from the American Heart Association b. A role-play activity requiring the patient to select proper foods from a wide selection c. Colored visual diagrams that categorize foods according to fat and sodium content d. A lecture-style discussion on heart healthy diet options

c

When recruiting subjects to participate in a study about the effects of an educational program to help patients at home take their medications as ordered, the researcher tells the subjects that their names will not be used and no one but the research team will have access to their information and responses. This is an example of: a. Bias. b. Anonymity. c. Confidentiality. d. Informed consent.

c

Which activity shows a nurse engaged in primary prevention? a. A home health care nurse visits a patient's home to change a wound dressing. b. A nurse is assessing risk factors of a patient in the emergency department admitted with chest pain. c. A school health nurse provides a program to the first-year students on healthy eating. d. A nurse schedules a patient who had a myocardial infarction for cardiac rehabilitation sessions weekly.

c

Which statement, if made by a parent after attending a teaching session on initiating a toilet training program for toddlers, indicates a need for further teaching? a. "I take my child to the potty after a meal." b. "I offer praise when my child uses the potty." c. "I require my child to sit on the potty until she goes." d. "I have given my child underpants as a reward for using the potty."

c

You are working in an adolescent health center when a 15-year-old patient shares with you that she thinks she is pregnant and is worried that she may now have a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Her pregnancy test is negative. What is your next priority of care? a. Contact her parents to alert them of her need for birth control. b. Refer her to a primary health care provider to obtain a prescription for birth control. c. Counsel her on safe sex practices. d. Ask her to have her partner come to the clinic for sexually transmitted infection testing.

c

A nurse is preparing an education program on disease transmission for employees at a local day care facility. When discussing the epidemiological triangle, the nurse should include which of the following factors as agents? (Select all that apply.) A. Resource availability B. Ethnicity C. Toxins D. Bacteria E. Altered immunity

cd

A nurse is caring for a client who is concerned about his impending discharge to home with a new colostomy because he is an avid swimmer. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? (Select all that apply.) A. "You will do great! You just have to get used it." B. "Why are you worried about going home?" C."Your daily routines will be different when you get home." D."Tell me about your support system you'll have after you leave the hospital." E. "Let me tell you about a friend of mine with a colostomy who also enjoys swimming."

cde

A nurse is planning diversionary activities for toddlers on an inpatient unit. Which of the following activities should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Building models B. Working with clay C. Filling and emptying containers D. Playing with blocks E. Looking at books

cde

A nurse is providing teaching for an older adult client who has lost 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) since his last admission 6 months ago. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. "Eat three large meals a day." B. "Eat your meals in front of the television." C."Eat foods that are easy to eat, such as finger foods." D."Invite family members to eat meals with you." E. "Exercise every day to increase appetite."

cde

In health promotion, the nurse-person relationship is the context for care. Which of the following elements of communication are important considerations? (select all that apply) a. Health promotion requires sensitivity to the goals and values of the nurse and the care recipient's family. b. Helping a person adopt health-promoting behaviors is a matter of providing education. c. Successful health promotion involves interpersonal skills. d. Health promotion requires communication skills. e. Values clarification is an essential element of communication and health promotion.

cde

What are some of the components of the health belief model that can assist nurses in determining the probability of an individual to make change? (select all that apply) a. External pressure to change b. The value of health as determined by significant others c. Perceived susceptibility to a health problem, disease, or complications d. Perceived seriousness of disease e. Risk factors of disease attributed to heredity, race, or culture

cde

Which of the following concepts are accurate regarding the biological changes in the young adult period? (select all that apply) a. Young adulthood sees the highest illness rate of any other age group. b. Physical growth continues into the 30s. c. Most concerns are related to ensuring optimal body functioning. d. Physical abilities of the young adult are at their peak. e. Illness compensatory mechanisms generally operate optimally.

cde

Which of the following statements accurately describe biological growth? (select all that apply) a. Expected growth patterns exist in infants and children. b. Growth is steady throughout life. c. Extremely rapid growth occurs in the prenatal, infancy, and adolescent periods. d. Slower rates of growth occur during the toddler, preschool, and school-age periods. e. Infants typically double their birth weight by 6 months of age.

cde

Which of the following statements accurately describe race and ethnic categories in the United States as defined by the Office of Management and Budget? (select all that apply) a. Race and ethnicity have the same definition. b. Ethnicity is associated with power and indexes the history or ongoing imposition of one group's authority above another. c. Ethnicity focuses on differences in meaning, values, and ways of living. d. Ethnicity refers to commonalities in language, history, nation, or region of origin. e. A minority group consists of people living in society that is usually disadvantaged.

cde

Which of the following statements accurately describe the five stages of health-related behavior change according to the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)? Select all that apply. a. Sustained change over time occurs in the contemplation phase. b. When a person is considering the adoption of a change within the next 6 months, she or he is said to be in the precontemplation phase. c. Small, sporadic changes occur in the planning phase, as the individual is seriously thinking about making a change within the next month. d. In the action phase, the person has made behavior change which has persisted for 30 days. e. Maintenance begins 6 months after the action has started, and continues indefinitely.

ce

A 63-year-old patient is retiring from his job at an accounting firm where he was in a management role for the past 20 years. He has been with the same company for 42 years and was a dedicated employee. His wife is a homemaker. She raised their five children, babysits for her grandchildren as needed, and belongs to numerous church committees. What are the major concerns for this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. The loss of his work role b. The risk of social isolation c. A determination if the wife will need to start working d. How the wife expects household tasks to be divided in the home in retirement e. The age the patient chose to retire

d

A community nurse in a diverse community is working with health care professionals to provide for prenatal care for under employed and under insured South African women. Which overall goal of Healthy People 2020 does this represent? a. Assess the health care needs of individuals, families, or communities b. Develop and implement public health policies and improve access to care c. Gather information on incident rates of certain diseases and social problems d. Increase life expectancy and quality of life and to eliminate health disparities

d

A group of nurses have identified that the elderly patients on their unit have a high incidence of pressure ulcers after they have a stroke. During a unit meeting, they discuss different interventions they think may reduce the development of pressure ulcers. What is the nurses' next step to investigate this clinical problem further? a. Conduct a literature review. b. Share the findings with others. c. Conduct a statistical analysis. d. Create a well-defined PICOT question.

d

A hospital creates a Facebook page for the bariatric surgery program. The owner of the site posts healthy recipes, lifestyle information, and information about upcoming workshops. This is an example of: a. health literacy. b. coercive advertising. c. a teaching plan. d. social marketing.

d

A nurse is caring for a client who is a Jehovah's Witness and is scheduled for surgery as a result of a motor vehicle crash. The surgeon tells the client that a blood transfusion is essential. The client tells the nurse that based on his religious values and mandates, he cannot receive a blood transfusion. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "I believe in this case you should really make an exception and accept the blood transfusion." B. "I know your family would approve of your decision to have a blood transfusion." C."Why does your religion mandate that you cannot receive any blood transfusions?" D."Let's discuss the necessity for a blood transfusion with your religious and spiritual leaders and come to a reasonable solution."

d

A nurse is caring for a family who is experiencing a crisis. Which of the following approaches should the nurse use when working with a family using an open structure for coping with crisis? A. Prescribing tasks unilaterally B. Delegating care to one member C. Speaking to the primary client privately D. Convening a family meeting

d

A nurse is counseling an older adult who describes having difficulty dealing with several issues. Which of the following problems verbalized by the client should the nurse identify as the priority? A. "I spent my whole life dreaming about retirement, and now I wish I had my job back." B. "It's been so stressful for me to have to depend on my son to help around the house." C."I just heard my friend Al died. That's the third one in 3 months." D."I keep forgetting which medications I have taken during the day."

d

A nurse is developing a community health education program for a group of clients who have a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following learning strategies should the nurse include for clients who are auditory learners? A. Showing informational videos B. Providing equipment to practice hands‑on skills C. Supplying outlines for note‑taking D. Facilitating small group discussions

d

A nurse is evaluating teaching about nutrition with the parents of an 11‑year‑old child. Which of the following statements should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the teaching? A. "She wants to eat as much as we do, but we're afraid she'll soon be overweight." B. "She skips lunch sometimes, but we figure it's okay as long as she has a healthy breakfast and dinner." C."We limit fast‑food restaurant meals to three times a week now." D."We reward her school achievements with a point system instead of a pizza or ice cream."

d

A nurse is preparing an instructional session for an older adult about managing stress incontinence. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first when meeting with the client? A. Encourage the client to participate actively in learning. B. Select instructional materials appropriate for the older adult. C. Identify goals the nurse and the client agree are reasonable. D. Determine what the client knows about stress incontinence.

d

A nurse is preparing to perform a cultural assessment of a patient. Which of the following questions is an example of a contrast question? a. Tell me about your ethnic background. b. Have you had this problem in the past? c. Where do other members of your family live? d. How different is this problem from the one you had previously?

d

A nurse researcher studies the effectiveness of a new program designed to educate parents to promote the immunization of children. The nurse divides the parents randomly into two groups. One group receives the typical educational program and the other group receives the new program. This is an example of which type of study? a. Historical b. Qualitative c. Correlational d. Experimental

d

A nurse who works on a pediatric unit asks, "I wonder if children who interact with therapy dogs have reduced anxiety when they are in the hospital." In this example of a PICOT question, which of the following is the O? a. Children. b. Therapy dogs. c. The pediatric unit. d. Anxiety.

d

A nursing instructor is explaining the various stages of the lifespan to a group of nursing students. Which of the following examples should the nurse include as a developmental task for middle adulthood? A. The client evaluates his behavior after a social interaction. B. The client states he is learning to trust others. C. The client wishes to find meaningful friendships. D. The client expresses concerns about the next generation.

d

A nursing student is caring for a 78-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis. The patient has had an indwelling Foley catheter in for 3 days. Eight hours ago the patient's temperature was 37.1° C (98.8° F). The student reports her recent assessment to the registered nurse (RN): the patient's temperature is 37.2° C (99° F); the Foley catheter is still in place, draining dark urine; and the patient is uncertain what time of day it is. From what the RN knows about presentation of symptoms in older adults, what should he recommend first? a. Tell the student that temporary confusion is normal and simply requires reorientation b. Tell the student to increase the patient's fluid intake since the urine is concentrated c. Tell the student that her assessment findings are normal for an older adult d. Tell the student that he will notify the patient's health care provider of the findings and recommend a urine culture

d

A patient is laboring with her first baby, who is about to be delivered 2 weeks early. Her husband is in the military and might not get back in time, and both families are unable to be with her during labor. The doctor decides to call in which of the following people employed by the birthing area as a support person to be present during labor? a. Nurse b. Midwife c. Geneticist d. Lay doula

d

A patient needs to learn to use a walker. Which domain is required for learning this skill? a. Affective domain b. Cognitive domain c. Attentional domain d. Psychomotor domain

d

A target goal of Healthy People 2020 is to reduce the incidence of hepatitis C. The nurse focuses on individuals most at risk, which includes persons with: a. hepatitis A. b. Epstein-Barr virus. c. human papilloma virus. d. chronic renal disease on hemodialysis.

d

According to Healthy People 2020, the leading causes of death among children and young adults are due to injuries from which of the following? a. Homicide b. Suicide c. Burns d. Motor vehicle crashes

d

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the fastest-growing group within the older population is: a. 65 to 70. b. 70 to 75. c. 75 to 80. d. 85 and older.

d

An older adult is being started on a new antihypertensive medication. In teaching the patient about the medication, the nurse: a. Speaks loudly. b. Presents the information once. c. Expects the patient to understand the information quickly. d. Allows the patient time to express himself or herself and ask questions.

d

Characteristic behaviors of older adults who have successfully met Erikson's ego integrity versus despair developmental task include: a. fear of death. b. feelings that life has been lived in vain. c. identity is related to career and work only. d. honest acceptance of the life that has passed.

d

During a health screening of Hispanic children for lead poisoning, the initial question the nurse should ask is: a. "How old is the house you are living in?" b. "Do you eat canned foods from the United States only?" c. "Are there any areas in your home where paint is chipping off?" d. "Do you use ceramic containers made outside the United States for cooking?"

d

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development identifies the toddler stage as: a. trust versus mistrust. b. initiative versus guilt. c. industry versus inferiority. d. autonomy versus shame and doubt.

d

In viewing the family as context, what is the primary focus? a. Family members within a system b. Family process and relationships c. Family relational and transactional concepts d. Health needs of an individual member

d

Parents of a 7-year-old boy request a discussion with the school nurse on how they can resolve the child's nighttime enuresis. The nurse advises that nighttime enuresis: a. is an intentional act with a psychological basis. b. should have consequences to eliminate the behavior. c. has no serious physical problems and should be ignored. d. requires a family plan to deal with the wet bed to decrease family arguments.

d

Priority nursing assessments of Latino/Hispanic Americans should focus on what disease process, because of its higher incidence in this population? a. Cancer b. Stroke c. Diabetes d. Cardiovascular

d

Public health nurses are involved in supporting active health promotion strategies such as: a. supporting clean water. b. advocating for vitamin D in all milk. c. supporting sanitary sewage systems. d. participating in an individual daily exercise program

d

Sexuality is maintained throughout our lives. Which of the following answers best explains sexuality in an older adult? a. When the sexual partner passes away, the survivor no longer feels sexual. b. A decrease in an older adult's libido occurs. c. Any outward expression of sexuality suggests that the older adult is having a developmental problem. d. All older adults, whether healthy or frail, need to express sexual feelings.

d

Sharing eating utensils with a person who has a contagious illness increases the risk of illness. This type of health risk arises from: a. Lifestyle. b. Community. c. Family history. d. Personal hygiene habits.

d

The cognitive-perceptual pattern assessment includes: a. who decides when children go to sleep. b. what types of daily activities include physical exercise. c. what kinds of feelings family members have for each other. d. how the family makes decisions about health promotion and disease prevention.

d

The hallmark of the first substage of Piaget's preoperational stage is the ability of the preschooler to function using: a. abstract thinking. b. concrete thinking. c. auditory cues. d. language.

d

The most common childhood school-age cancer is: a. retinoblastoma. b. neuroblastoma. c. Wilms tumor. d. leukemia

d

The most widely accepted form of exercise among older adults is reported to be: a. swimming. b. running. c. strength-training. d. walking.

d

The nurse demonstrates empathy toward a crying mother whose baby was stillborn by stating: a. "I know exactly how you feel; that happened to me once." b. "You are young and will be able to have another baby." c. "It was God's will that your baby was taken to heaven with him." d. "Loss of a baby is truly a sad occurrence."

d

The nurse facilitates the adolescent's self-perception-self-concept development by: a. complementing the adolescent for what is accomplished. b. developing a plan for the adolescent's future growth. c. encouraging the adolescent to join in group activities. d. praising the adolescent for who he or she is.

d

The nurse is preparing an educational activity for adolescents. The primary reason that emphasis is placed on teaching testicular self-examination is because: a. adolescents are naturally interested in their developing bodies. b. baseline assessment data is necessary for comparison in the future. c. rapid anatomical changes are occurring in the testes. d. testicular cancer is the number one cancer in the adolescent male.

d

The nurse is teaching a class to students of pediatric nursing on comparing the concepts of growth and development. Which statement most accurately represents these concepts? a. Growth patterns are qualitative changes. b. Growth is from the head to toe or cephalocaudal. c. Development reflects an increase in the number and size of cells. d. Development is a gradual change that includes advances in skills.

d

The nurse teaches new mothers about research on pacifiers and breast-feeding. Which statement by a mother indicates an understanding of the instruction? a. "I have no problem giving a pacifier to a breast-feeding baby." b. "I offer a pacifier after each feeding to satisfy my baby's sucking needs." c. "There is significant research that indicates harm is associated with occasional pacifier use." d. "I do not give my baby a pacifier because I know it is associated with shorter breast-feeding duration."

d

The nurse's educational role reflecting health promotion and disease prevention during the couple stage of family development is the: a. teacher of risk factors to health. b. coordinator with pediatric services. c. teacher of first aid and emergency measures. d. coordinator for genetic counseling.

d

The nurse, presenting a class on strategies to prevent drowning in toddlers, instructs parents to: a. teach their toddler how to swim. b. place the toddler in the tub with 1 or 2 inches of water. c. make sure pails of water are less than ½ full. d. use personal flotation devices on the toddler when boating.

d

The nurse, presenting a nutrition class to high school students, emphasizes that the leading cause of death associated with diet is: a. anemia. b. infection. c. cirrhosis of the liver. d. coronary heart disease.

d

The process of gaining specific knowledge or skills that result from exposure, experience, education, and evaluation is known as: a. maturation. b. growth. c. development. d. learning.

d

The school nurse assesses preschoolers for genetic conditions such as: a. Down syndrome. b. congenital hypothyroidism. c. sickle cell disease. d. Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

d

The school nurse has been asked to present a workshop on community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) for high school teachers. The nurse should stress that CA-MRSA is a: a. common viral infection that responds well to anti-viral meds. b. serious bacterial infection that does not spread easily. c. fungal infection common in school settings. d. potentially fatal skin infection that is difficult to treat

d

The type of injury to which a child is most vulnerable at a specific age is most closely related to which of the following? a. Provision of adult supervision b. Educational level of the parent c. Physical health of the child d. Developmental level of the child

d

To facilitate the adolescent's need for controlling behaviors, the nurse implements an intervention that: a. asks the adolescent how he or she would like to handle the situation. b. consults with the parents regarding the adolescent's health care needs. c. gives specific, detailed instructions in writing. d. partners with the adolescent to develop a plan.

d

Two single mothers are active professionals and have teenage daughters. They also have busy social lives and date occasionally. Three years ago they decided to share a house and housing costs, living expenses, and child care responsibilities. The children consider one another as their family. What type of family form does this represent? a. Diverse family relationship b. Blended family relationships c. Extended family relationship d. Alternative family relationship

d

Using the Transtheoretical Model of Change, what is the correct order for the steps that a patient goes through to make a lifestyle change related to physical activity?1.The individual recognizes that he is out of shape when his daughter asks him to walk with her after school.2.Eight months after beginning walking, the individual participates with his wife in a local 5K race.3.The individual becomes angry when the physician tells him that he needs to increase his activity to lose 30 lbs.4.The individual walks 2 to 3 miles, 5 nights a week, with his wife.5.The individual visits the local running store to purchase walking shoes and obtain advice on a walking plan. a. 3, 1, 4, 5, 2 b. 3, 1, 4, 2, 5 c. 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 d. 3, 1, 5, 4, 2

d

Vulnerable populations of patients are those who are more likely to develop health problems as a result of: a. Chronic diseases, homelessness, and poverty b. Poverty and limits in access to health care services c. Lack of transportation, dependence on others for care, and homelessness d. Excess risks, limits in access to health care services, and dependency on others for care

d

When assessing elderly adults, the nurse determines that malnutrition may be present in the person with: a. serum albumin level of 5.0 gm/dL. b. midarm muscle circumference at the 25th percentile. c. triceps skinfold thickness at the 20th percentile. d. involuntary decrease of weight of more than 10 lb in the last 6 months.

d

When teaching about proper nutrition to a person with congestive heart failure, which affective component should be included in the educational plan? a. Eating with someone b. Food preparation techniques c. Knowledge of dietary restrictions d. Values of adhering to the diet

d

Which approach would be best for a nurse to use with a hospitalized toddler? a. Always give several choices. b. Set few limits to allow for open expression. c. Use noninvasive methods when possible. d. Establish a supportive relationship with the mother.

d

Which of the following interventions will be most helpful in preventing premature death in children under the age of 5? a. Use of mosquito netting in sleeping areas b. Vaccination programs c. Accident prevention programs d. Nutritional supplements

d

Which of the following most greatly affects a family's access to adequate health care, opportunity for education, and sound nutrition? a. Development b. Family function c. Family structure d. Economic stability

d

Which of the following statements is most descriptive of the psychosocial development of school-age children? a. Boys and girls play equally with each other. b. Peer influence is not yet an important factor to the child. c. They like to play games with rigid rules. d. Children frequently have "best friends."

d

Which play activity would the nurse plan for a 4-year-old girl 2 days after undergoing an appendectomy? a. Playing a game of Monopoly b. Dressing up in a Cinderella gown c. Participating in a game of hopscotch d. Drawing pictures of her mother and father

d

Which statement about smallpox is correct? a. Smallpox results in a rash that looks like the chickenpox rash. b. Side effects from a smallpox vaccine include acute renal failure. c. The last case of smallpox occurred in 1997. d. People who received the smallpox vaccine 50 years ago may still be protected from the disease

d

Which statement requires further teaching related to food safety practices? a. Always drink pasteurized juices. b. Wash fresh fruits and vegetables thoroughly. c. When shopping, buy perishable foods last and take them straight home. d. Cooked meat, poultry, and eggs may be left out at room temperature for up to 3 hours.

d

Who has priority for being served? a. Non-breastfeeding postpartum women with any nutritional risk b. Individuals at nutritional risk only because they are homeless c. Children (up to age 5) at nutritional risk from serious medical problems d. Infants determined to be at risk at nutritional risk from serious medical problems

d

A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a preschooler. Which of the following strategies should the nurse implement to increase the child's cooperation in taking medications? (Select all that apply.) A. Reassure the child an injection will not hurt. B. Mix oral medications in a large glass of milk. C. Offer the child choices when possible. D. Have the parents bring in a favorite toy from home. E. Engage the child in pretend play with a toy medical kit.

de