NT Survey Final 2
Who was James' intended audience?
"the twelve tribes scattered" - the jewish community outside of Palestine.
What is amillennialism?
(most widely held view) rejects the idea of a literal thousand-year reign of Christ after his second coming, and rather, sees the millennium as being fulfilled in a spiritual fashion in the present ministry of the church.
Why did Paul see redemption in Jesus' cruel death?
, Paul viewed the Jesus' death as bearing the curse for our sins, so that the blessing which was given to Abraham might extend to the Gentiles through Christ.
How does the God-centeredness of 1 Thessalonians relate to the issue of self-esteem?
, the Christians in Thessalonica faced the challenge of threats to their sense of selfhood, and even to their very existence. However, rather than trying to build up their own self-image, they instead focused on God, drawing their identity and self-understanding from what Christ's work on their behalf told them about themselves. Paul encouraged the Thessalonians to continue on in their pursuit of God-esteem, promoting the idea of a personal and community awareness centered exclusively on God.
Which epistles are the pastoral epistles?
1-2 Timothy and Titus
How many epistles are believed to have been written by paul?
13
What is the teaching of 2 John?
2 John emphasizes similar things to 1 John, it underscores the necessity of living a life of love, then warns about those who deny either the humanity or the deity of Christ, and he concludes by saying that he wishes to discuss things further in a face to face meeting.
What are the major points of 3 john?
3 John starts of by commending Gaius, a convert of John, for being faithful to and walking in the truth. He is also commended for his hospitality. John addresses a trouble maker, Diotrephes, who is not willing to help other Christian workers and is a gossiper. Diotrephes is contrasted with Demetrius who is the embodiment of good and not a trouble maker. John emphasizes the friendship that existed among the early believers
What is the content of Acts 13:28?
3 separate missionary journeys to bring the gospel to new regions
When was 2 Thess written?
A few months after 1 Thess
How does paul treat the topic of the church?
A first-level corollary of his teaching about Christ. Christ died and rose to rescue a corporate body.
When was Paul converted? What was the irony of his conversion?
AD 33 He was carrying orders that would have resulted in the persecution of more Christians
When did Paul first visit Jerusalem?
AD 35
When was Paul's second trip to Jerusalem?
AD 46
When did Paul write his letters to the thessalonians?
AD 50 while on a missionary journey with Silas and Timothy
When was Paul's ministry in Corinth?
AD 50-52
When did Paul arrive in Rome to await his appeal to Caesar?
AD 60
When was Philemon written?
AD 60s approx - written around the same time as Colossians and while Paul was in prison in Rome
When was Paul released from rome?
AD 62
What does Revelation teach about God?
Above all else, Revelation teaches that God exists, He is the creator of the universe and will bring everything to triumphant conclusion according to His divine plan. It teaches that all of creation is praising God, and God does His will in heaven and earth. God is triune and He is the supreme reality, the world is subordinate to Him alone.
When is Saul confronted by Jesus in Acts?
Acts 9
What is the historical and theological significance of Acts?
Acts is specifically noted for its historical value, as the author demonstrates a wealth of knowledge of geography, local politics and customs, seafaring, and the first-century Mediterranean world. Theologically, Acts narrates the development, discussion, and dissention surrounding the initial spread of Christianity. As a whole, Acts helps to explain how the proclamation of the Gospel impacted the ancient Roman world, and thus acquired universal significance
When was 1 Peter written?
Ad 64-66 while peter was in rome during nero's persecution.
How does Acts open?
Additional disclosure of what Jesus said and did prior to his ascension: Left his own personal presence (HS) Left standing orders (be ready for the coming kingdom)
Where did Paul hope to travel after visiting Rome? What did he intend to do there?
After Rome, Paul's mission is to travel to Spain to continue the work of spreading the gospel to the Gentiles.
Who are the roman emperors mentioned by name in the New Testament?
Augustus, Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, Domitian.
Who helped Paul gain admittance into the ranks of the apostles
Barnabas - also recruited Paul for pastoral duties in Antioch.
When was Hebrews most likely written?
Between the AD 40-60s
How does the New Testament keep both the tangible and intangible worlds before our eyes?
Both the imminent and the transcendent are part of God's universe, and the New Testament has a balanced vision of these twin truths. While the New Testament teaches that we should seek and long for heaven, it also realizes that God has given His people a task here on earth. As long as sin remains on earth, there will always be the sick, the needy, the poor, the orphaned, and the lost to minister to. However, as Christians fulfil God's commission to the lost, we are also storing for ourselves riches in heaven, as we live our lives with an eternal perspective.
Which chapter is distinct in Philippians?
Chapter 2:5-11, poem about the example christ set. Passage is of rare literary excellence and theological richness. Overall point is to rally the philippians to more christ-like living.
What is substituionary atonement?
Christ died in place of sinners, bearing the punishment that should have been theirs.
Give three facts about Christ based on what Paul teaches in Colossians.
Christ is "the image of the invisible God," Christ is the "firstborn over creation," by which he means that Christ stands above all creation, and creation has come about by and through Him. "all things hold together in Christ" which, while broad, boils down to the fact that Christ upholds and sustains the universe.
How is modern Christianity in the West compromised?
Christianity in the West has been compromised with the rise and idolization of materialism and the pursuit of pleasure/self-fulfillment. While these values are not new to the twenty-first century in the western world, the western church has allowed itself to become neutralized by the culture around it.
Why did tensions arise between the early Christians, nearly all of whom were Jewish, and other Jews?
Christians began to re-evaluate and reject certain Jewish customs and values in their attempt to define what made them a new and different community.
What were the main distinguishing features of early Christian belief?
Christians maintained that Jesus was God in human flesh, and that God was Triune. Jesus, Son of God and God Himself, had died and had been raised to life. Salvation could only be found in Christ.
What is the central theme of Hebrews?
Christians need not be intimidated by the difficult circumstances they face, but rather they should stand firm in their devotion to Christ
Who was Aeneas?
Connected with Peter's ministry. Had been paralysed for 8 years, peter healed him, helped spread the gospel in Lydda.
Why was Peter's visit to Cornelius controversial?
Cornelius was a key figure in Peter's realization that certain Jewish customs which forbid contact with Gentiles were inconsistent with Christian belief. Peter's visit to Cornelius was controversial, as it raised the issue between Jewish religious practice and the necessary conditions for receiving forgiveness and spiritual rebirth through Jesus. As a Jew, Peter was under the traditional impression that he could not and should not make contact with a Gentile, but God broke that barrier and Peter's obedience opened the door for the gospel to be preached to Jews and Gentiles alike.
Why is knowlidge of Roman imperial rule important?
Defines the celebrated "pax romana" (Roman peace) of the NT Era. It made conditions just right for the spread of Christianity. Relative peace, common language, safe travel, and easy transportation.
What is the literary structure of Acts?
Divided into 2 sections: Chs 1-12 discuss the gospel's spread in and around Jerusalem, Judea, and Samaria. Chs 13-12 relate the early church's witness to Christ.
What was religious life like in Ephesus before the spread of Christianity?
Dominated by Emperor worship, Idolatry, and occultism.
When was 2 timothy possibly written?
During Paul's second imprisonment.
When was the church at Thessalonica founded?
During Paul's second missionary journey. Founded amidst opposition so bad that Paul and Silas had to leave in secret.
When were the prison epistles likely written?
During paul's imprisonment in rom (AD 60-62)
When was Philippians written?
EArly AD 60s
What role did Antioch play in the life of Paul and the early church?
Each of Paul's three missionary journeys began at Antioch, and Antioch was important because it modeled the ethnic diversity appropriate to the gospel that brings people of all backgrounds to salvation in Christ.
Which Epistles constitute the prison epistles?
Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon
Which city was the capital of the Roman province of Asia?
EphesuS
What are the three groups of enemies that Philippians adresses?
First, there are those in Rome who hinder the progress of the gospel message because they envy Paul and view themselves as being in competition with him. There are others whom Paul does not tolerate, who advocate a works-based gospel. (he calls them "mutilators") the third enemies addressed are Philippians themselves - people who are selfish and factious. ("troublemakers")
Which one of Paul's letters was most likely written first?
Galatians - written in AD 48-49 while he and Barnabas are on a missionary journey through Galatia and Cyprus.
According to 2 peter, what has God given us for our Christian life?
God has given us everything necessary to live, and He has given us instructions, to pursue first Him, and through that, the virtues of the fruits of the spirit in order to move forward in their Christian lives.
What lies at the center of Paul's theology?
God. He is to be feared, loved, served, and worshiped.
How does Paul treat Evil and the human dilemma?
He does not speculate on evil's origin, however, his belief in a personal malevolent being is an important feature of his outlook. It links him readily to Jesus whose dramatic encounters with Satan form a major motif in the gospels.
How is Peter's ministry highlighted in Acts 8-12.
He is a key figure in furthering the gospel's spread beyond its original geographical boundaries. god worked through peter to lay the foundation for Paul's work.
What was the purpose of 1 John?
He is writing so that his readers' joy may be full in the knowledge that jesus is the son of God incarnate he is writing so that they will not sin he is writing a "new commandment" to them he is writing to warn against people who would lead them astray he is writing to assure of victory in christ
What are the general epistles?
Hebrew, James, 1-2 Peter, 1-3 John, Jude
In what sense is Hebrews critical of Old Testament religion? Is this an attack on the Old Testament itself?
Hebrews attacks the false conception that was prevalent at the time, that God could be appeased by works and observance of religious rituals. This view focused on salvation by works, which focused on the self and not on God's promise of salvation by faith. Therefore, this is not an attack on the Old Testament itself, but more a criticism of the wrong interpretations of the Old Testament and the refusal to heed Christ's message of atonement and salvation.
Why can Hebrews be called a sermonic Epistle? What elements in Hebrews would be unusual for an epistle?
Hebrews lacks the typical formal greeting at the beginning of the Epistle, which would normally mark it as an ancient letter, however, the Epistle has a conclusion that is very reminiscent of a letter, as it shows that the writer has a particular audience in mind. Hebrews also includes a word of exhortation, which is the same term used to describe a sermon, and thus "Sermonic Epistle" is the best way to describe Hebrews as it combines both forms of literary expression
How does Hebrews use warnings and encouragement to appeal for perseverance?
Hebrews warns that believers face a sterner judgment now that Christ has revealed the Truth, however, it also offers hope that Christ stands ready to give assistance, therefore, we should persevere in our faith, we must both know God personally and be devoted to His personal interests.
How do each of the general epistles focus on Christ?
Hebrews: Christ and he alone is God's supreme revelation to all people on earth. James, 2 Peter, Jude, and Johannine Epistles: The gospel lifts believers above do nothing-complacency (James), moral laxity (2 Peter, and religion thta is sloppy in doctrine, ethics, or devotion (John's letters) 1 Peter: Christians need to be prepared for persecution, but dedicated believers will be fortified with 1 Peter's counsel.
What are the four major theories of interpretation of revelation?
Historic premillennialism Amillenialism Dispensational premillennialism Postmillenialism
Why did Jewish leaders press for Jesus' crucifixion?
If Jesus was crucified, according to Jewish mentality, then it would be proof that He was not God's chosen Messiah.
Where and when did Paul spend his longest stretch of continuous ministry in one location?
In Ephesus, from AD 54-57 (3 yrs) - this was his third missionary journey.
When and where did Paul die?
In rome, mid- to late 60s
Why is Philemon an important document seen in its ancient social setting? What applications can be drawn for it in the modern setting?
In the time when Philemon was written, a runaway slave, if caught, was typically subjected to brutal punishment, if not death. The question of master-slave relations was a weighty one during that time, especially because a substantial percentage of the population consisted of slaves. Paul's response to the situation reflects Christ's care for the individual, but it simultaneously shows a balance between compliance with civil authorities, and the standards of justice and love that are rooted in God's character.
What is the message to the Philippian church?
It acknowledges their generosity and urges them to resist false doctrine and, by reaffirming the primacy of Christ in their midst, to overcome dissension in their ranks.
What is the message of 1 Thess?
It confirms that hard times are part of God's plan for his people. Paul encourages the new believers by commending their faith and love. Gives them further instruction. Gives them insight into the last things.
What can we learn from the stress on individual persons in Acts 8-12?
It dramatizes the early church's response to Jesus' mandate, and portrays the Gospel's impact on the lives of individuals. This section particularly shows God's interest in, and personal awareness of the lives of all people, Jew and Gentile alike, which certainly carries over into our lives today.
In what ways were the Old Testament Scriptures foundational to the faith of early Christians?
It was almost exclusively used by early Christians as their only Scripture early Christians still viewed themselves as the people of God and, thus, the inheritors of the Old Testament promises
What is unique about the epistle of James?
Its emphasis on good works.
What seems to be the major point of James's Epistle?
James stresses the close link between practice and belief, that Christians need to put God's word into practice, not just agree with it in theory. His key motivation seems to be to motivate his readers towards obedience.
How do Jesus' and Paul's messages differ?
Jesus proclaimed the kingdom of God, while Paul focused on the proclamation of the risen Christ.
Who are the 3 major figures mentioned in acts 8-12?
John (gospel writer), peter, and Saul (Paul).
Who wrote Revelation and when?
John, on the island of Patmos, in the AD 90's.
Who was John?
John, son of Zebedee and Salome, grew up in Galilee and became an early disciple of John the Baptist. After Jesus was baptized, John left John the Baptist to follow Christ. He was called to be an apostle after the arrest of John the Baptist, and also formed part of Jesus' inner circle of apostles. Because he knew the high priest, John was present at Jesus' trial and crucifixion, where he accepted responsibility of Jesus' mother. He witnessed the empty tomb and the resurrected Christ, and ministered in Palestine for a number of years before leaving for Ephesus, where he ministered until his death. At one point he was on the island of Patmos where he penned the book of Revelation.
How would you summarize the teachings of Jude?
Jude begins his letter by stating his purpose is to urge his readers to continue to contend for their faith, they were to stand up boldly for their faith and make progress in making Christ known. He also emphasized the deity of Christ, and he spends a good section of his letter warning his readers against the godless evildoers of their day.
Who was Jude?
Jude was the brother (or half-brother) of Jesus. Little is known about him, other than that, during Jesus' time on earth, he was hostile to Jesus' ministry, however, as a result of the resurrection, his opinions changed and Jude became a devout follower of Christ. He was one of the ones who experienced that day of Pentecost, and his grandsons were leaders in the church.
What three statements from Lk 1:1-4 apply to Acts as well and help to explain what Acts contains?
Luke explains that reliable traditions about Jesus and the early Christian movement were handed down by eyewitnesses. Second, Luke clarifies that he has taken great pains to research and present accurate information regarding these experiences and reports. Third, Luke intended for his work to be dedicated to his readers' knowledge of, and growth in the Christian faith
Who took Judas Iscariot's place among the disciples, and how was he chosen?
Matthias, chosen by lot
Who was Hebrews written to?
Most likely a Jewish Christian audience.
When did Luke write acts?
Most likely before the early 60's when paul was in Rome awaiting trial, as this is when the book concludes.
Name two ways that Christianity may have first come to the city of Rome.
Most likely, Christianity first came to Rome through the Jews who heard Peter's sermon at Pentecost and then brought the message back to Rome, and after this, Peter most likely ministered in Rome in the late AD 30s.
Who was the Roman emperor during the time of Jesus' birth?
Octavian - Ceasar Augustus
What are some questions concerning how we are to engage the world that are not answered in the New Testament?
One of the unanswered questions of the New Testament is how the Gospel should be extended beyond the Greek-, Aramaic-/Hebrew-, and Latin-speaking regions where it was first preached. In order to best reach the different cultures and people groups across the world, the Gospel had to be contextualized for each new setting. Another unanswered question is: how should the church and its message relate to culture? The New Testament is filled with models, but it doesn't contain one definitive strategy. In both situations, while the New Testament does not provide any direct answers, it does create a foundation for finding one's way in the world in terms of understanding the fundamental questions like: who are we? What is our purpose? What is our destination? Does God exist? And, what is He like?
Why was Philemon written?
Onesimus had run away, Paul writes to Philemon urging him to treat Onesimus with mercy.
Who is the central portion of acts 13-28?
Paul
When and where was Paul's first missionary journey?
Paul and Barnabas were sent out by the church at Antioch around AD 47 to go on a church-planting mission. Their message centered on God's preparation for Christ's saving ministry though Old Testament times and on Jesus' death and resurrection. Went to Cyprus, Asia Minor, Galatia, and Lystra
How does Paul base ethics in theology?
Paul charges Christians with ethical imperatives based on the theological indicative of God's character, which is greatly based in Old Testament revelation. That said, Paul's ethic is also greatly influenced (and rightly so) by Christ's powerful example of humility and self-sacrifice.
In Romans, what does Paul say the gospel is, and what does it reveal?
Paul declares that the gospel is "the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes: first for the Jew and then for the Gentile." By this he means that the gospel message makes salvation available by faith, not just by mental agreement or works, but by complete and personal trust.
How is the greeting of Romans different from the usual greetings in letters of that day?
Paul deviates from the typical, secular, form of letter openers, which would start with a simple "Greetings." On top of this, Paul pronounces a blessing "from God our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ."
Characterize the role played by Abraham in Paul's teaching.
Paul did not see himself as the founder of any new religion - he consistently refers back to the covenant God made with Abraham as the foundation of the gospel. By doing this, Paul highlights that his gospel was in continuity with God's saving work since the time of Abraham. Paul acted as a witness to the gospel and a divinely inspired interpreter of God's word.
Waht was the purpose of 1 Thessalonians?
Paul wanted to encourage new believers to persevere in their faith despite the opposition they faced.
What material is unique to 2 thess that is not included in 1 thess?
Paul wants to counteract the false teaching that was being circulated. Gave instructions on how to handle wayward brethren To assure believers of eventual victory, reward, and justice
Why did Paul stress "the grace given to me" in his writings?
Paul was given special cognitive grace, an authoritative knowledge of what to teach which was equal to the task that he had been assigned. Paul's revelation was made known both by divinely given wisdom and through the prophetic writings of the Old Testament.
Why was 1 Thess written?
Paul was waiting word from Silas and Timothy regarding the fate of the new believers, and then wrote the letter using Timothy as a courier.
Why did Paul speak of the law in both negative and positive terms?
Paul would speak disparagingly of the "law," by which he was referring to his opponents' misrepresentation of the Old Testament in light of the current oral tradition. If his opponents used the Law to promote salvation by works, Paul responded by showing that treating the Law in that way only leads to death and destruction. However, if spirit filled Christians seek the historical background for their faith or moral/logical guidance for walking out their faith in a Christ like manner, the Old Testament is extremely beneficial.
What are three features of the wisdom of the Pastoral Epistles?
Paul writes to encourage young believers not to underestimate the importance of faithfulness to Christ overcoming evil with good all Scripture is inspired by God
How many years was it from Paul's conversion to his arrival in Rome?
Paul's conversion most likely occurred in AD 33, and he arrived in Rome in AD 60 which means that there was 27 years between his conversion and his arrival in Rome.
Name three aspects of Paul's teaching about eschatology.
Paul's eschatological teaching stems from his convictions about God and, in particular, Jesus, since He was the Messiah whose coming signaled the arrival of the last stages of God's redemptive work prior to the consummation. According to Paul, this will include a final judgment when Christ comes for a second time, where unrepentant sinners will face God's wrath. It is the believers' prerogative, then, to spread the gospel to all nations and be faithful witnesses to the unfolding of God's eschatological aims.
Who was Herod Aggripa I?
Persecuted James. Accepted worship, was struck down and became a public example of the seriousness of defying God and opposing the gospel.
Who was Peter? Briefly outline his life.
Peter (originally Simon) is one of the best known figures in the early church. He grew up as a fisherman along the coast of the Sea of Galilee in a town called Bethsaida. He was introduced to Jesus by his brother Andrew, and was called to ministry by Jesus in Capernaum. He became part of Jesus' inner circle, where he became known as the impulsive disciple who had exaggerated self-confidence, but who also ended up denying even knowing Jesus on the night He was betrayed. However, Jesus had greater plans for Peter and labeled him as the "rock" on whom Jesus would build His church. At Pentecost, he preached his first Christian sermon, and soon afterwards became a leader in the Jerusalem church. He experienced great suffering and persecution for his faith as he preached the gospel to Jews and Gentiles, traveling as a missionary to Asia Minor, before being crucified in Rome.
Why did Philip and others first leave Jerusalem with the gospel message? See acts 8:1, 4-5.
Philip and others fled Jerusalem because of the persecution of Christians that followed Stephen's stoning.
Who was the Ethiopian Eunuch?
Philip met him on the road to Gaza, was reading Isaiah, Philip interpreted the text and baptized the eunuch.
Which churches did Paul plant during his second issionary journey?
Philippi, Thesalonica, Corinth
What was Cynicism?
Philosophy during the time of early church which gloried in radical personal freedom of act and speech. Did not conform to accepted social standards.
When were the pastoral epistles written?
Possibly on Paul's fourth (?) missionary journey after he was released from prison in rome. This could have been when 1 timothy and titus were written.
Describe Paul's positive ethic.
Rather than focusing on what one should not do in order to overcome sin, Paul's inspired advice is to focus and expand drives productively for Christ. He outlines positive steps for the recipients of his letters to take towards Christlikeness, and he advocates that serving the Lord is not primarily a matter of not doing bad things.
How should we interpret Acts?
Realize that it is both prescriptive and descriptive. Realize that it is a historical narrative.
What is central to Paul's understanding of Christ's ministry?
Redemption - paying the price for the release of prisoners from captivity.
Why was 2 timothy written?
Reflections of suffering, exhortation to be true to Christ, pastoral counsel to guide timothy and to pass on to the congregation in ephesus.
What does Peter say about the end of the age in 2 peter?
Regarding the nature of the end of the age, Peter explains why Christ has not yet come a second time: God is outside of time, He is beyond time, and though He works within the confines of time, He is in no rush to do things "quickly" by human standards, but in His own good time. This is also a sign of God's patience, He is not in a hurry to destroy the earth, but rather, He wants all to come to repentance. Peter goes on to explain that the end will come as a fiery destruction of the existing cosmic order. After this, God will replace the old universe with a new and perfect heaven and earth. Thus, we need to spend our time on this earth preparing for the end, living holy and pleasing lives unto the Lord.
What does Revelation teach about the Son of God?
Revelation is unique in how it speaks of Jesus in such an exalted fashion. Jesus is portrayed as nothing less than the Divine Being himself, and John often refers to Him as the "Lamb" who has come to crush the nations and rule over the world.
What does the subject of eschatology have to say to us today as we live our daily lives?
Revelation shows us that, as Christians, our life on earth is to be one of service to the Lord, and we should expect to be met with great trial, but we can endure those trials because Jesus triumphed and so too His followers will triumph with Him. Revelation promises a just end to all who oppose God and His followers, and it assures Christians of a life after death in a glorious eternal state.
Who was the first person to hear Paul's case after his arrest in Jerusalem?
Roman procurator Felix
Which letters are undoubtedly written by Paul?
Romans, 1&2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thes, and Philemon.
What is at the center of the message of Galatians?
Salvation is God's free gift.
Who went with Paul on his second missionary journey?
Silas (and Timothy)
What are some questions that are not fully answered in the New Testament but to which contemporary Christians must formulate responses?
Some of the unfinished business in the New Testament includes the fact that the social dimensions of the gospel need to be more fully developed. As much as the message of the gospel necessitates the personal acceptance and change on an individual basis, the message is applicable to the whole world. Another issue raised is how Christians should handle success when God grants it. How are we to keep our faith alive and fresh, and how are we to avoid the domestication of God? The final question that contemporary Christians must grapple with concerns church renewal. The modern church has become absolved and neutralized by the pagan world around it, and the survival of the church has come into question. Christians can hope in what the New Testament offers, as even though the church is in a downward spiral, we need only look to Jesus who revolutionized the world, and realize that if He could change the world then, reviving the church today is by no means an impossibility.
When was James most likely written?
Sometime between the late AD 30's and early 60s
How did Stoicism differ from Christianity?
Stoicism: in order to create stability, you must forsake the excess of pleasure and sorrow. the Christian faith advocates a personal God who loves, cares for, and answers the prayers of the people he created.
Where was Paul born?
Tarsus, in the province of Cilicia.
What is the major practical concern of Hebrews?
That christians not be intimidated by the difficult circumstances they face.
In 1 John, what is the "New Commandment" and what does John say about it?
The 'new commandment' which John refers to is the command to love one another. While this command is not completely 'new' in the sense that it is a new idea (for it was required in the Old Testament) it is new in the sense that we have now seen the embodiment of love in Christ, and since that love now dwells in us, we must love others.
In what ways do the Corinthian letters sound like they are addressed to a modern situation?
The Corinthian church was one of the most confused and errant congregations that Paul addressed - they were a religiously troubled church, not unlike many churches today. Indeed, religion has become increasingly troubled over the ages as we have become more tolerant of sinful behavior and our understanding of true Christianity has become convoluted by those promoting compromise.
What is the specific charge that Paul has against the Corinthians in his first letter?
The Corinthians are giving their blessings to open sexual immorality in the church. Paul calls on them to expel the offender in the hope that he will repent.
Who were the Judaizers? What was their role in the grace vs. law controversy?
The Judaizers were propagators of the false gospel preached to the Galatians - they combined aspects of the Christian message with Jewish practices to which they required even Gentiles to submit. They believed that people could be justified and saved by adherence to the Law which would please God.
How did Paul, a prisoner, know that he would eventually reach Rome?
The Lord had appeared to him by night and told Paul that, just as he had proclaimed Christ's name in Jerusalem, he would also do so in Rome. (Acts 523:11).
What are some New Testament examples of holy bravery?
The New Testament is filled with inspiring stories of holy bravery. The prime example of this would be Jesus as He endured the indignities and pain of His trial and execution with steadfast trust in, and obedience to, God. Paul also frequently displayed holy bravery throughout his life, as he faced imprisonment, beatings, floggings, and a ship-wreck all with the hope and joy that is only found in Christ. As Stephen was stoned to death, he also displayed holy bravery as he prayed for his executioners.
What was the central effect of the Spirit's presence on the day of Pentecost?
The announcement of the gospel of Jesus the Messiah.
What does acts 2 say about the long-term outcomes of the Pentecost conversions?
The apostles teaching occupied centre stage. Fellowship "breaking of bread" and "prayer" - believers were bound intimately together. A sense of awe, and the sharing of physical goods
why is it important to study romans?
The book of Romans has influenced world history in dramatic ways, and I believe this mostly has to do with the willingness and openness of readers to read Romans and allow the Holy Spirit to reveal truth to them.
What is Hellenism ?
The characteristics of greek culture.
What is Ironic about Paul serving as a teacher and missionary of the church at Antioch?
The church of Antioch was founded by people fleeing persecution in Jerusalem after Stephen's stoning, which Paul had overseen prior to his conversion.
What error does James address?
The error that equates faith with mere assent to certain doctrinal truths of God. This is a "faith" that even demons posses.
What is Romans about?
The good news of Jesus Christ, made all the more glorious when understood in light of the human condition. Romans diagnoses the human condition (all people are cut off from God) and then explains the prognosis - we are justified by faith and redeemed by grace, and therefore, we should live lives according to the gospel.
What was the primary theme of Peter's sermon at Pentecost (Acts 2)? What is its relevance today?
The heart behind Peter's message was a call for repentance, and the ramifications of that message are as true today as they were when they were first preached.
In Acts, what issue did the Jerusalem council debate? How should we apply its decisions today?
The issue was over the question of how a person is "saved" - was salvation free, or was it necessary to follow Jewish beliefs and customs in order to gain salvation? The final decision was made that salvation is by grace through faith in God alone, not by works, and thus the ramifications of the salvation message still ring true today.
What three themes dominate Acts' opening chapters?
The joint work of miracle and message, life together in the community of believers, conflict.
What was the connection between the miracles of the apostles and the message they preached?
The joint work of miracles and message of the apostles was one of the means through which the gospel was continued - the miracles showed that the power and presence of Jesus were still at work in the world, even though Jesus himself was not bodily there.
What underlying theme unites 2 Corinthians?
The main theme of Paul's second letter to the Corinthians was "the way to glory is the way of the cross." That is, the way one attains success in the kingdom of God is often by means of suffering for the very faith that ultimately sets us free.
What issues does Colossians deal with that are also pertinent issues today?
The major issue that Paul deals with in his message to the Colossians is the question of how one can be in the world without being swallowed up by the forces hostile to it.
What major issues does 1 Corinthians address?
The purpose of Paul's first letter to the Corinthians was to deal with some concerns which had been raised in his absence, particularly the fact that the Corinthian church was being torn apart by quarreling and there were people who questioned Paul's authority. Paul wrote to quell the disturbance and give positive guidance while he was gone
What effect did the spread of the gospel have at Ephesus?
The spread of the gospel was so great in Ephesus (people were getting healed, demons were being cast out, and people formerly involved in occult practices were being saved), that Christians began damaging the local economy. Idol makers were no longer receiving the income they once had, and Christian proclamation began to drown out worship to other gods. This trend started a riot in Ephesus.
What does the book of Hebrews mark in the NT?
The start of the general epistles
What are the two things that Paul stresses in 2 Corinthians?
The theology of the cross, and the authority of his message - who speaks for God?
What is Paul's basic message in 1 Corinthians?
The truth of the cross-centered gospel he preached.
In what ways does the New Testament reflect continuity with the Old Testament?
There are many ways in which the New Testament reflects continuity with the Old Testament. For instance, the God of Jesus Christ is described as the same God as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Additionally, both the Old and New Testaments stand in equal agreement regarding the righteousness and rule of God. In both testaments, humanity is understood as being fallen and in need of redemption. Overall, the New Testament is built on the foundation of the Old Testament.
Why are 1 and 2 Timothy and Titus called the Pastoral Epistles?
They are called "Pastoral Epistles" because each of the three letters displays a unique pastoral concern for their recipients, and all three also deal with pastoral matters "involving the care of souls and the orderly conduct of God's people..."
How long was Paul's second missionary journey?
Three years
Why did Paul write Colossians
To assure the Colossians of his interest and care, and to address false teaching and misleading teachers.
Why was Galatians written?
To call the churches in Galatia back to the gospel. To rebuke and admonish the church but also to give reasons for his warnings.
Why was 1 Timothy written?
To encourage Timothy in the face of opposition, to address false teachers and warn against them
Why was Romans written?
To rally support for his mission to spain. To teach about salvation and further Christ's kingdom in the world. Two theories: Primarily a letter of Paul's own concerns, or it is primarily occupied with the concerns of the Roman church.
What are the focal points of Hebrews?
To remind the readers of the incomparable greatness of Jesus The readers need to reaffirm their courageous Christian faith of former days
What was the Jerusalem council?
Took place in AD 49, summarized in Acts 15. Letter was drafted by Peter, Paul, Barnabus, and other apostles to address heretical views. Letter discredits the false teaching that salvation is through Christ plus works. It suggests for areas of Jewish concern that Gentile Christians should be considerate to observe.
Who was Tabitha?
Was raised back to life by petter when he was in Joppa.
According to 1 peter, how is the pilgrim-believer to live?
We should live as members of heaven, not of this world, but in this world for a short time until we are brought to our true home.
What are five questions that knowledge of the first century roman world can help answer?
What was life like? Who were the reigning authorities? How did people view themselves? What were their hopes and fears? What were the popular religions and outlooks?
What does Paul mean by "in Christ" or "in Christ Jesus"?
When Paul uses this phrase, he is typically referring to God's saving work through Christ, or the manner in which Christians should behave or the redeemed state they should enjoy. Most fundamentally, it bespeaks believers' unity and interdependence
What questions does Galatians address?
When does a high regard for God's law become an unhealthy fixation with rules?
When were 1-2 Corinthians written?
While Paul was in Ephesus in AD 54-57.
When was Romans written?
While Paul was on his third missionary journey during the three months he stayed in Achaia, Greece in AD 57
How does Act's 7 end?
With Stephen's stoning in the same city where Jesus was crucified. His execution was overseen by Saul.
What is xenophobia? What do the Old Testament, Jesus, and Acts 13-28 have in common in the way they address this problem?
Xhenophobia is an unfounded fear of strangers or foreigners. All three address this problem in the same way: love your neighbour as yourself, and Jesus went further to say "love your enemies," and Acts describes the continued spread of the Gospel to new people and foreign lands.
When was 2 Corinthians likely written?
ad 56
Who was Simon the Sorcerer?
apostles to bestow upon him their God given authority and power. He was a well-known magician who attracted people who thought that divine power must be at work within him. When Philip's preaching began to draw away some of his followers, he responded by making a public confession of faith and being baptized, but it was all a ruse.
Who was Barnabas?
became prominent when he started selling property in order to meet the needs of destitute believers in Jerusalem. He is notable for helping to spread the gospel in Antioch, a strategic political center where believers were first called Christians.
When was 2 peter written?
before AD 68, in rome
What was Skepticism?
belief that knowledge grew out of experience alone, no truth exists that is binding on all persons.
When was the Philippian church founded?
duing Paul's second missionary journey.
Why were many early Christians leery of Saul?
his pre-conversion history of persecuting the Jews. He presided over Stephen's stoning and helped instigate a vicious persecution against other Christians before he was eventually saved. People doubted that his salvation was genuine, and that he might be a spy who was gathering information to use against the Christians later.
What is dispensational premillennialism?
interprets the first three chapters of Revelation as dealing with the church, after which the saints are raptured (it is also known as the pretribulation rapture theory, because the church is removed from the earth before the great tribulation).
What heresies were being taught in the Colossian church? (The "Colossian heresy"
legalism (salvation by works), asceticism (harsh treatment of the physical body as a mean of earning divine favour and growing spiritually)
What is historic premillennialism?
maintains that the book of Revelation relates to the life of the church. According to this view, the various persecutions described are meant to be experienced by believers up until Christ's second coming, upon which they will be delivered from the power of the antichrist
Who was Philip the evangelist (not the apostle)?
notable minor character in Acts, who is significant because he was one of the first people to take the gospel outside of Jerusalem. He was also one of the seven who were chosen to oversee food distribution in the church.
Who is Names (the brother of John)?
noted for being the first of the twelve disciples to have been martyred for his allegiance to Christ. He was one of the three men that Jesus chose to be His closest disciples, and who was promised that he would meet the same end that Jesus did.
How can we determine which parts of acts are descriptive and which are prescriptive?
one must study and reflect on each individual passage in light of the rest of Scripture and all other relevant factors. Since Acts is a historical narrative, it relates events and persons that existed in history that should not be expected to be repeated, however, much of what is written also has indirect analogies with Christian experience which can be applied at all times and in all places.
Describe the roles played by community and conflict in the early church.
people looked out for the needs of others and were motivated by a unified spirit. This common concern was rooted in a high regard for Christ and His commands. the early church also faced a significant amount of persecution, and understandably so, as Christian teaching seemed to undermine the widely accepted views of what traditionally mattered in religion and society.
What was Stoicism?
philosophy during the first century which stressed fate, that is, the idea that the world is beyond the control of the individual and that everything is already predetermined.
Name some of the major themes of Ephesians.
praise to God for his blessings in Christ, human poverty and our need for the gospel message, exhortations and prayers.
What literary elements does the epistle of James combine?
prophecy and wisdom literature.
What was the false gospel that was preached by the Judaizers to the Galatians?
salvation came through adherence to Jewish customs - a faith by works mentality.
What are the 4 areas of concern in 2 peter?
sanctification, scripture, warnings against false teachers, and the end of the age.
What is a major theme of 1 peter?
the glory that is to come, salvation.
What are some of the ways that Roman civilization was influenced by Hellenism?
the language of culture and commerce at the time was Greek. Hellenization also brought religious syncretism, as the idea gradually gained favour that all deities and religions ultimately amounted to the same thing.
What is the parousia?
the second coming
What story does Acts tell?
the story of the earliest church's birth and growth.
via dolorosa
the way of suffering
theologia crucis
theology of the cross
What is one of the major things peter is trying to accomplish in his letter?
to comfort and encourage his friends in the face of the savage treatment they could expect because they were christians
According to 2 peter, what is the supreme goal of the believer?
to follow christ.
Why was Titus written?
to give Titus, practical direction until Paul's aides, Artemas or Tychicus arrive.
Why was Ephesians written?
to stress the implications for the family, both the human family and the nuclear family, and the family of God.
When were John's epistles written?
towards the end of his life (AD 90s)
What is postmillenialism?
upholds that the millennium will be fulfilled as the world is gradually won to Christ through the preaching of the Gospel. After the world has been made worthy of Christ, he will return after the millennium to establish his reign.
Who was Cornelius?
was a key figure in Peter's realization that certain Jewish customs which forbid contact with Gentiles were inconsistent with Christian belief. Cornelius was a counter-cultural Roman centurion who tried to honour the Christian god in different ways, so God responded to his devotion by instructing him to send for Peter in Joppa.