NTS 135 Unit 2 Chapter 4

True or false: Amylase is an enzyme that is released from the salivary glands and the pancreas.

True

True or false: The increased bulk of a high-fiber meal promotes a feeling of fullness without yielding many calories.

True

True or false: The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for glycogen.

True

True or false: The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy.

True

True or false: To avoid constipation, adequate fiber and water should be consumed.

True

True or false: During low carbohydrate intake, fat is not completely metabolized, leading to the formation of ketone bodies.

True Reason: Ketone bodies are produced during times of low glucose supply.

Having diabetes increases a person's risk for developing cardiovascular disease.

True Reason: Poorly controlled blood glucose damages the blood vessels.

True or false: Both fiber and starch are types of polysaccharides.

True (Reason: Fiber and starch are complex carbohydrates composed of many glucose molecules bound together.)

Type 2 diabetes

A form of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity.

Type 1 diabetes

A form of diabetes characterized by total insulin deficiency due to destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.

If a person consumes a large amount of fiber without adequate fluid, which of the following may happen?

Blockages in the intestine

Foods in the Dairy group are rich sources of fiber.

False

True or false: Soluble fibers are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria.

False

True or false: Only individuals with advanced cases of type 1 diabetes require insulin.

False Reason: All individuals with type 1 diabetes require insulin.

If you do not consume adequate carbohydrates, what other dietary components can supply energy?

Fat Protein

Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and ______.

Fructose

Sucrose is made up of which two monosaccharides?

Fructose & glucose

What is the major monosaccharide in the body?

Glucose

Which of the following measurements could be used to identify a person with prediabetes?

HbA1c between 5.7% to 6.4% Fasting blood glucose from 100 to 125 mg/dl

Individuals with type 1 diabetes have to be treated with which approach?

Insulin

Name the disaccharide that is also known as "milk sugar."

Lactose

Which of the following are major storage sites for glycogen?

Liver and muscle

What is a major food source of lactose?

Milk

Mucilages, lignin, and cellulose are ______.

Nonstarch polysaccharides in foods & dietary fiber

Gestational diabetes

Occurs in some pregnant women and resolves after delivery of the baby.

Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many (e.g., hundreds) of glucose units together?

Polysaccharides

______ is a condition characterized by moderately high fasting blood glucose (100 to 125 mg/dl).

Prediabetes

Which of the following is a benefit of soluble fiber?

Reduces total serum cholesterol

Which of the following are benefits of including some insoluble fiber in the diet?

Reduces transit time of feces Reduces constipation

Select all of the following that are nutritive sweeteners.

Sucrose High-fructose corn syrup Sorbitol

In which part of the GI tract does a minor amount of carbohydrate digestion begin?

The mouth

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide energy for the body

Compared to Caucasians in the United States, Latino/Hispanic Americans, African-Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

True

What type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity?

Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides?

amylopectin amylose cellulose

Amylase is

an enzyme.

Soluble fiber ______ the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine into the blood.

decreases

insulin glucagon

decreases blood glucose increases blood glucose

Stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. Over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. His doctor sends him for tests to see if he has

diabetes.

Which of the following are traditional symptoms of diabetes?

extreme thirst frequent urination increased appetite

In the absence of carbohydrates, ______ does not break down completely.

fat

A high-fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because

fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver. soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted.

Which of the following areas of the body can be permanently damaged by uncontrolled diabetes?

heart nerves eyes kidneys

Mel has diabetes and uses insulin for glucose management. If he takes more than his prescribed dose of insulin,

his blood sugar will be too low.

Choose risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

history of gestational diabetes physical inactivity family history of diabetes obesity, especially intra- abdominal obesity prediabetes

Fibers that are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called

insoluble fiber.

A high-fiber diet is helpful for weight management because

it provides few calories. it contributes to a feeling of fullness after eating.

Many patients with type 2 diabetes can improve blood glucose control by

losing a moderate amount of weight.

It is important to eat adequate carbohydrates so that the body does not use ______ for energy.

protein

Risk factors for ______ diabetes include physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity.

type 2 Reason: Although type 1 diabetes may run in families, it is not related to diet, physical activity, and body weight. Type 2 diabetes is strongly linked to obesity.

Which MyPlate food groups provide many high-fiber foods?

vegetables fruits grains

The World Health Organization recommends an upper limit of ______ of total kcal from added sugars.

10%

What is the adequate intake level for fiber in adult women?

25 grams

What is the Adequate Intake level of dietary fiber for men?

38 grams

The World Health Organization suggests that added sugars provide no more than 10% of total daily intake. Based on a 2000 kcal diet, this is approximately

50 grams. Reason: 2000 total kcal x 0.10 = 200 kcal from added sugars 200 kcal from added sugars ÷ 4 kcal/g = 50 g of added sugars

Which of the following are good sources of viscous fiber?

Carrots Kidney beans Apples

Which of the following are not good sources of viscous fiber?

Cheese

Type 2 diabetes can often be effectively managed through

moderate weight loss. physical activity. diet.

Digestion of carbohydrates by human enzymes takes place in which sections of the gastrointestinal tract?

mouth small intestine

The monosaccharides and the disaccharides are designated as _____ because they provide calories.

nutritive sweeteners

Choose the group of substances that are classified as dietary fiber.

pectins cellulose hemicelluloses gums

Carbohydrates containing many glucose units, from 1000 or more are called _____.

polysaccharides