NU238 Module 4 Test

What disease results from the degeneration of the dopamine nigrostriatal system of the basal ganglia?

Parkinson disease

When educating a client with possible glucocorticoid dysfunction, the nurse will explain that the CRH controls the release of ACTH. The best time to perform the blood test to measure peak ACTH levels would be:

06:00 to 08:00 AM

The nurse is working in a pediatric clinic. Which child would the nurse recognize as having isosexual precocious puberty?

5-year-old black female with developing breasts and pubic hair

Which area of the brain is responsible for respiration?

Brain stem

The nurse working in an emergency room is caring for a client who is exhibiting signs and symptoms of a stroke. What does the nurse anticipate that the physician's orders will include?

CT scan

A client with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus states, "I am really worried that I might need to take injections. Is there something I can do to avoid that?" What is the best response by the nurse?

You could regulate your diet, exercise regularly, and lose weight

A client is brought to the emergency department and is diagnosed with an ischemic stroke confirmed by CT scan. The most important treatment for this client would be to:

administer IV tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).

The nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with Addison disease about the importance of lifetime oral replacement therapy. Which pharmacologic agent would be the drug of choice and included in this teaching plan?

hydrocortisone

A client tells the health care provider he has noticed a recent change in his vision: he can bring distant images into focus, but near images become blurred. The client has most likely developed:

hyperopia

A client has been diagnosed with hemianopia. The client asks the nurse what this is describing concerning the eye?

loss of half of the visual field in one eye

The emergency room doctor suspects a client may have bacterial meningitis. The most important diagnostic test to perform would be:

lumbar puncture

The nurse is aware that the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system is:

maintenance of vital functions and responding when there is a critical threat to the integrity of the individual.

Which factor contributes to an infant developing macrosomia (large body size)?

maternal diabetes

Which intervention is usually the first line of therapy when treating moderate pain in the older adult population?

nonopioids such as acetaminophen

A client has glaucoma. The nurse is taking a health history and knows that the most common form of glaucoma is which type?

open angle

A client has been assessed and has been found to be experiencing the effects of the leakage of serous fluid into the subretinal space. Which is a potential therapy?

periocular corticosteroid injections

Which gland is often referred to as the master gland because it secretes many hormones?

pituitary

A teenager has been in a car accident and experienced an acceleration-deceleration head injury. Initially, the client was stable but then started to develop neurological signs/symptoms. The nurse caring for this client should be assessing for which type of possible complication?

brain contusions and hematomas

The skin covers the body, and it is exposed to a number of potentially damaging agents in the external environment. What effect(s) do ultraviolet rays of sunlight have on the skin? Select all that apply.

causing potential for directly damaging the skin accelerating the effect of aging on the skin predisposing to the development of skin cancer

A client has been diagnosed with a superficial fungal infection. Which assessment technique is most likely assisted with this diagnosis?

examination of the area with a Wood's light

Which cause of pressure injuries (decubitus injuries or bedsores) impairs the flow of blood in the capillary beds?

external pressure

The nursing handoff report includes that a client has presbycusis. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care?

face the client when speaking

The nurse is performing a health history for a 72-year-old client. When reviewing the client's medications, the client states, "I take a baby aspirin every day, but I'm worried. I heard that aspirin can cause hearing problems!" What is an appropriate response by the nurse?

A baby aspirin is a low dose that is considered to be safe.

The cerebellum, separated from the cerebral hemispheres by the tentorium cerebelli, lies in the posterior fossa of the cranium. What is one of the functions of the cerebellum?

Coordinates smooth and accurate movements of the body

Which cells are supporting cells of the central nervous system? Select all that apply.

Ependymal cells Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes

Neurotransmitters exert their actions through specific proteins that are known as:

Receptors

A 69-year-old client comes to the clinic for a routine checkup. Upon examination, the nurse practitioner informs the client that she has cataracts. The client then tells the nurse that she already knew that and her physician told her that she could use bifocals and that would take care of the problem. What would be the best response by the nurse practitioner?

Surgery is the only effective treatment for cataracts

Neurons communicate with each other through which structure?

Synapses

The nurse is caring for a client who has been taking prednisone for the treatment of asthma. The nurse is monitoring the client for increased levels of stress. When glucocorticoid levels are increased, what symptoms should the nurse monitor for?

Tachycardia

A male newborn infant has been diagnosed with spina bifida occulta. Which pathophysiologic process has most likely contributed to the infant's health problem?

The neural groove failed to fuse and completely close across the top of the neural plate.

The pars reticularis is characterized by what?

Three-dimensional collagen bundles

Which complication of acromegaly can be life threatening?

cardiac structures increase in size

The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with Meniere disease. The nurse expects which medication will be prescribed to manage the symptoms?

promethazine

The health care provider is concerned that a client may be at risk for problems with cerebral blood flow. The most important data to assess would be:

Decreased level of oxygen

The nurse is conducting the Rinne test. What is included in this test?

placing a vibrating tuning fork on the client's mastoid bone and in front of the ear in an alternating fashion

A client's emergency magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been examined by the physician and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been administered to the client. What was this client's most likely diagnosis?

Ischemic stroke

During embryonic development, which structure develops into the central nervous system (CNS)?

Neural tube

Through what specific component do neurotransmitters exert their action?

Specific proteins

Which client would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of "prediabetes"?

middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122 with follow-up OGTT of 189 mg/dL (10.49 mmol/L).

The nurse is explaining to the parent of a 5-year-old that the child has otitis media with effusion (OME), noted by otoscopic exam, following an upper respiratory infection. Unlike acute otitis media (AOM), OME does not require treatment with antibiotics because it is usually:

asymptomatic and often self-limiting.

The nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus about the functions of insulin in the body. The nurse will define which terms for the client related to how insulin works as a hormone?

autocrine and endocrine

Which cranial nerve is designated as the vestibulocochlear nerve?

cranial nerve VIII

While discussing the regulation of hormone levels, the instructor gives an example of hormones regulated by feedback mechanisms. Which example of this regulation is best?

following a meal that was high in carbohydrates, a person's blood glucose elevates, which stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas.

The spinal cord contains the basic factors necessary to coordinate function when a movement is planned. It is the lowest level of function. What is the highest level of function in planning movement?

frontal cortex

]Which factor is genetically determined and primarily responsible for dark skin tone?

high production of melanin

A client has a stage III pressure injury in the sacral area. What factor(s) can contribute to the development of pressure injuries? Select all that apply.

pressure shearing force friction

As part of maintaining homeostasis, why are hormones, secreted by endocrine cells, continuously inactivated?

prevent accumulation

A student is feeling inside her backpack to find her mobile phone. There are a number of other items in the backpack. Which component of somatosensory conduction is most likely to provide the detailed sensory information that will help her distinguish her phone from other items?

the primary dorsal root ganglion neuron, dorsal column neuron, and the thalamic neuron

A 63-year-old female is noticing that as she ages, her skin is changing. The nurse should explain which likely causes of this phenomenon? Select all that apply.

thinning of the dermal level Shrinkage of the keratinocytes Decreased sebaceous gland activity Decrease in the number of Langerhans cells

When explaining why some children have albinism, the science teacher explains that which enzyme is needed for synthesis of melanin?

tyrosinase

A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus wishes to stop taking insulin injections. What option is appropriate?

using an insulin infusion pump

The nurse has just completed an assessment on a client admitted with Guillain-Barré syndrome. The nurse determines that a priority of care will be:

ventilatory assessment and support.

The nurse is assessing a client with thyrotoxicosis and the nurse is explaining how the thyroid gland is stimulated to release thyroid hormones. The nurse should describe what process?

action of releasing hormones from hypothalamus

A client reports general malaise and has a temperature is 103.8°F (39.9°C). What is the rationale for administering a prescribed aspirin, an antipyretic, to this client?

antipyretics protect vulnerable organs, such as the brain, from extreme temperature elevation.

Which structure would likely be present in a hair follicle in a man's groin but not in a follicle on his face?

apocrine gland

Which intervention is an appropriate action by a nurse to take in attempting to decrease a client's temperature through conduction?

apply cooling blanket

Which statement concerning blood flow to the skin is true?

arteriovenous anastomoses in the skin regulate temperature.

What skin disease manifests with lesions on the skin and oral lesions that look like milky white lacework?

lichen planus

A client who has been exercising says to the nurse, "My skin is so hot!" What is the nurse's best response?

"your body is trying to lower your temperature."

A client has sustained a full-thickness burn involving subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone. Which term will the nurse use when documenting this type of burn?

third-degree burn

For complete function of the eyes, it is necessary that the two eyes point toward the same fixation point and that the retinal and central nervous system visual acuity mechanisms function. How many pairs of extraocular muscles does binocular vision depend on?

three

The most common cause of ischemic stroke is:

thrombosis

A client comes to the clinic and informs the nurse that he believes he is suffering from Parkinson disease. What objective data assessed by the nurse would correlate with the client's concern? Select all that apply.

tremor Bradykinesia Rigidity

A client of Asian descent requests treatment suggestions for the darkened macules on the face. Which treatment measures for melasma should be recommended? Select all that apply.

try to limit amount of time in the sun Use sunscreen regularly Consult a health care provider about using a bleaching agent

The nurse is preparing a client for a surgical procedure to create an endolymphatic shunt. The nurse understands that this procedure aims to relieve which symptom?

vertigo

Which terms best describes acute atopic dermatitis? Select all that apply.

vesicle formation Oozing

A client is admitted to the acute care facility with severe pain in the abdomen related to inflammatory bowel disease. What type of pain will the nurse be administering medication to relieve?

visceral pain

Bradykinesia occurring in Parkinson disease places the Parkinson's client most at risk for:

Falls and injury

Most of the body's hair follicles are paired with which anatomical part?

sebaceous gland

The family of a male client documented to be in a vegetative state excitedly reports to the nurse that the client has just opened his eyes for the first time. The best response by the nurse is:

"I will come and assess the client."

A nurse who works in the office of an endocrinologist is orienting a new staff member. Which teaching point should the nurse include in the orientation?

A single hormone can act on not only one process or organ but often on several different locations or processes.

A client with small cell carcinoma lung cancer may secrete an excess of which hormone, causing an ectopic form of Cushing syndrome due to a nonpituitary tumor?

ACTH

A client has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The nurse recognizes that the client's condition is a result of:

An immune-mediated response that is caused by the demyelinization of the myelin sheath of the white matter of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve

The parasympathetic nervous system is part of which system?

Autonomic nervous system

The nurse is teaching a client how to collect a 24-hour urine sample for cortisol levels. The client asks why a blood sample cannot just be taken since collecting urine for 24-hours is inconvenient. How should the nurse respond?

Because cortisol levels fluctuate, collecting a sample over time will be more accurate

Intracranial aneurysms that rupture cause subarachnoid hemorrhage in the client. How is the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage made?

CT scan

The demyelination and degeneration of nerve fibers characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the result of which pathophysiologic event?

Decreased oligodendrocytes

The educator of a geriatric unit is orienting new staff and is teaching strategies on communicating with older adults with impaired hearing. Which teaching point is most appropriate?

Ensure that the hearing aid is in place, turned on, and properly functioning.

A child arrives to the outpatient clinic with a high fever of 103°F (39.5°C). The parents have the child wrapped in many blankets to "keep them warm, since the child is shivering." What is the rationale for the health care provider to educate the parents that less blankets will help the child more?

Fever dilates vessels and results in sweating, the purpose of the eccrine sweat glands. Too many blankets are counterproductive and will actually help the temperature to go higher

A client is having an upper endoscopy to determine the presence of a gastric ulcer. After the procedure is performed, the nurse instructs the client that he cannot have anything to eat or drink until the return of the gag reflex. Which nerve is the nurse testing for return of function?

Glossopharyngeal

Maintenance of blood gas concentrations, water balance, and food consumption are controlled by which part of the brain?

Hypothalamus

Which of these clients' statements would be most suggestive of retinal detachment?

I feel like there's a shadow that's blocking my vision

An older adult client is scheduled for outpatient cataract surgery. While taking a presurgery history, which statement by the client correlates to the manifestations of cataracts, thereby verifying the client has received information about the condition?

I have blurred vision in both my eyes and my vision is distorted

There are two types of stimuli that affect the raising or lowering of body temperature. What are these stimuli?

Innocuous and noxious

The mother of a 2-year-old newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks why insulin has to be given by injection. The best response by the nurse is:

Insulin is destroyed by the stomach contents and has to be administered by injection

The nurse reading a client's lumbar puncture results notifies the physician of findings consistent with meningitis when which sign/symptom is noted?

Large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils

Restoration of the integrity of myelin sheaths would likely result in a slowing or stopping of the progression of:

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

The nurse taking a report on a client coming into the emergency room plans care for a client with brain dysfunction based on which symptom?

Stupor

An adult client has a large number of nevi on the neck and back. How should the nurse best interpret this assessment finding?

the nevi are likely benign, unless they are undergoing changes.

A client with a diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is receiving teaching from her physician about her diagnosis. The client is eager to avoid future episodes of vertigo and has asked the physician what she can do to prevent future episodes. How can the physician best respond?

There are some exercises that I'll teach you to help reorient your inner ear and prevent vertigo.

Which type of reflex is stimulated by a nociceptive stimulus?

Withdrawal reflex

Which symptom indicates the next stage of a fever after a prodrome?

a chill

Which client may be experiencing the effects of neuropathic pain?

a man with pain secondary to his poorly controlled diabetes

The nurse is caring for a client who has returned from surgery after having a colon resection. What is the best method for the nurse to use when administering an opioid for pain in order to optimize pain control?

administer the opioid preemptively and before pain becomes extreme.

College students were given various amounts of alcohol within a specified time frame and then asked to drive an obstacle course. The rationale for poor performance in driving as the amount of alcohol intake increased includes, "The blood-brain barrier:

allows alcohol, a very lipid-soluble molecule, to rapidly enter the brain."

When discussing luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone with students, the instructor will emphasize that these hormones are under the control of:

anterior pituitary gland

A client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. The client is at risk for problems with secretions of:

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

When educating a client about type 1 diabetes, the nurse will mention that this type is caused by which mechanism?

autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells

A client has suffered a stroke that has affected his speech. The physician has identified the client as having expressive aphasia. Later in the day, the family asks the nurse to explain what this means. The most accurate response would be aphasia that is:

characterized by an inability to communicate spontaneously with ease or translate thoughts or ideas into meaningful speech or writing.

Which type of vascular lesion occurs in nearly all people older than 30 years of age?

cherry angiomas

The nurse assessing a client with a traumatic brain injury assesses for changes in which neurologic component? Select all that apply.

cognition Level of consciousness Motor function Sensory function

The nurse is caring for a client whose hearing is impaired due to impacted earwax. The nurse understands that the associated deafness is due to:

conduction disorder

A client's chart documents the finding of cholesteatoma. The nurse interprets this to mean that the client has:

cystlike mass in the middle ear.

A client, who travels frequently for work, reports intense ear pain during ascent from and descent into airports. The health care provider will recommend which category of medications to help alleviate this symptom?

decongestant nasal spray such as phenylephrine

The nurse observes that the upper extremities of a client with a brain injury are abducted while the lower extremities are internally rotated. The nurse communicates which terminology during hand-off reporting?

decorticate posturing

What is the source of nutrition for the epidermis?

dermis

A high school student sustained a concussion during a football game. The school nurse will educate the family about postconcussion syndrome and ask them to watch for and report which manifestations of its presence?

headaches and poor concentration

A 62-year-old man who is overweight has just been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The nurse educator is instructing him in the ways his diabetes can be controlled. The nurse should initially prioritize which action?

helping the client make meaningful changes to his diet and activity level.

An older adult client presents with noted burning pain along the thoracic region with a tingling sensation and extreme sensitivity of the skin to touch, but there is no rash present at this time. Which skin problem will the health care provider interpret for this client?

herpes zoster

A nurse is assessing a client with symptoms of botulism. The nurse will question the client regarding ingestion of which food?

home-grown and canned vegetables

In describing the ideal analgesic, what factors would be included? Select all that apply.

inexpensive Effective Have minimal adverse effects

A nursing instructor is teaching students about skin structure. The instructor evaluates student knowledge of the Langerhans cells based on which statement?

langerhans cells are the immunologic cells responsible for recognizing foreign antigens harmful to the body.

Which skin locations create particular risk factors for tumor invasion and metastasis due to squamous cell carcinoma? Select all that apply.

lip Ear Back of the hand

The health care provider has just completed a skin assessment on a client. The client asks what causes the numerous freckles that she has. The best response is:

localized collections of eumelanin contribute to the development.

The parent of a toddler with Duchenne muscular dystrophy reports that the child has an increase in muscle size but a decrease in strength. The nurse documents this using which medical term?

pseudohypertrophy

A nurse caring for a client with multiple sclerosis notes that the client has mood swings. Which cause can best explain this?

psychological manifestation due to involvement of white matter of cerebral cortex

Which responses to a sudden, unexpected stimulus indicate the presence of intact spinothalamic pathways? Select all that apply.

pupil dilation Tachycardia Pallor

A client presents to the emergency room with fatigue, weakness, dehydration, and thirst. What additional symptoms would correlate with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply.

recent weight loss Polyuria Blurred vision

The nurse is treating a client with a history of chronic alcohol abuse. The client's spouse tells the nurse that the client has no difficulty speaking and responds when spoken to but is having difficulty understanding what is being said. The spouse asks if the nurse believes the client needs a hearing aid. The nurse explains to the spouse that the client probably does not require a hearing aid but may be suffering from:

receptive aphasia

Which microorganism is responsible for the development of bullous impetigo?

staphylococcus aureus

A nurse educator is teaching students about the layers of the skin. Which layer is commonly referred to as prickle cells?

stratum spinosum

The nurse cares for a client with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who has been taking oral steroids for several years. Which response in the client's endocrine control will the nurse expect?

suppression of the client's hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system

A client suffers from seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. What is the best treatment for prolonged allergic conjunctivitis?

systemic antihistamines

A young adult is going on vacation to a sunny climate and plans on using a tanning booth to build up a protective tan. Which instructions should the nurse provide to the young adult?

tanning booths should be avoided under all circumstances.

A client's low serum T4 level has led to a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. When planning this client's care, the nurse should:

teach the client about the safe and effective use of synthetic thyroid hormones.

The nurse is performing an eye assessment on a client who presents with a red eye. The nurse determines that the redness is related to bacterial conjunctivitis based on which additional symptom(s)?

tearing, itching, and burning

A biology class is discussing blood flow directions and the role of arteries and veins. The professor says, "The skin is the only place where there is a direct anastomosis between an artery and a vein." What is the purpose for this type of blood flow in the skin?

temperature regulation

Reflex activity involves which neurons?

efferent, afferent, interneuron

Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

growth hormone (GH)

Neurotransmitters like catecholamines (e.g., dopamine and epinephrine) have a reaction time of:

milliseconds

An adolescent, who is an athlete, asks the health care provider, "Why do I now have such awful body odor? What has changed in my body?" Which response is the best reply?

Apocrine sweat glands open through a hair follicle and secrete an oily substance that mixes with bacteria on the skin, producing body odor

A nurse educator is explaining basic neuroanatomy to a class of prospective nursing students. Which statement best conveys an aspect of the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

CSF cushions the brain and provides a near-water medium for diffusion of nutrients.

The hormone levels in the body need to be kept within an appropriate range. How is this accomplished for many of the hormones in the body?

negative feedback loop

A client presents with copious amounts of yellow-green drainage, conjunctival redness, and chemosis to the right eye. A culture of the eye drainage reveals S. pneumoniae. The client most likely developed:

bacterial conjunctivitis

A client has a fever that was induced by damage to the hypothalamus due to intercranial bleeding. The nurse plans care for which type of fever?

neurogenic

The nurse has completed an assessment of a client and noted a hyperkeratotic plaque of skin that resulted from chronic pressure or friction. The nurse would document this as:

callus

What will the nurse teach a client with trigeminal neuralgia about the condition?

carbamazepine is a first-line treatment.

An adult client with growth-hormone deficiency related to hypopituitarism has been taking replacement therapy for several months. The client informs the nurse that she is having pain in the hand and wrist almost constantly. What does the nurse understand is a common side effect of this therapy that seems to have affected this client?

carpal tunnel syndrome

Which intracranial volume is most capable of compensating for increasing intracranial pressure?

cerebrospinal fluid

The parents of an infant born with hydrocephalus are concerned about the size of the baby's head. The doctors are telling them that the infant needs the surgical placement of a shunt. The nurse caring for the infant in the neonatal intensive care unit explains that placement of a shunt will:

decrease the likelihood of further neurological deficits.

The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with presbycusis. The nurse understands that with this disorder, the client experiences which of the following?

difficulty hearing high-pitched frequencies

A child is being seen in the emergency department (ED) after ingesting crayons with lead in them. He is disoriented and having seizures. The provider suspects he has which of the following?

encephalitis

A fair-skinned, red-haired client comes to the clinic for a routine physical and receives education about regularly applying sunscreen to prevent skin cancer. Which risk factors makes fair-haired clients more susceptible to skin cancer?

enhanced photoreactivity of pheomelanin

A sudden, traumatic, complete transection of the spinal cord results in what type of injury below the site?

flaccid paralysis

The nurse is caring for a client who received regular insulin at 7 am. Four hours later the nurse finds the client diaphoretic, cool, and clammy. Which of these interventions is the priority?

give the client a concentrated carbohydrate.

The nursing student who is studying pathophysiology correctly identifies the condition that characteristically has an increase in the aqueous humor that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. What is this disease called?

glaucoma

Abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by TSH-receptor antibodies is implicated in cases of:

graves disease

Which statement best explains the function of hormone receptors?

hormone receptors recognize a specific hormone and translate the hormonal signal into a cellular response.

When hypofunction of an endocrine organ is suspected, which type of diagnostic test can be administered to measure and assess target gland response?

hormone stimulation

Following a head injury, if the brain tissue is moving upward from the infratentorial compartment and causing blockage of the aqueduct of Sylvius, which manifestations will the nurse observe?

hydrocephalus and coma

A man is brought into the emergency department by paramedics who state that the client passed out on the street. The man smells of alcohol, and when roused says he has not eaten since yesterday. He is wearing a medic alert bracelet that says he is a diabetic. What would the nurse suspect as a diagnosis?

hypoglycemia

A client has been diagnosed with nevus with architectural disorder with cytologic atypia (former known as dysplastic nevus). Because of the large size of the nevi, the nurse will educate this client on which priority topic?

increased risk for melanoma

The nurse is conducting a community education class on amblyopia. The nurse determines that the participants understand the concepts when they identify which time period as the time when amblyopia is generally diagnosed?

infancy

The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes would be confirmed by which principle?

insulin is not available for use by the body.

The nurse documents the presence of nystagmus when assessing a client. This can be interpreted as:

involuntary eye movements that preserve eye fixation on stable objects in the visual field.

The nurse is conducting a community education class on acute otitis media. Which statement by the participants indicates to the nurse that they understand the education?

it can be caused by a bacterial infection.

A client has dry skin, and scratching the dry regions causes some skin flakes to become dislodged. Which cell type makes up the dry skin?

keratinocytes

A client who is being treated in the critical care unit is experiencing a slowing of blood flow to the central retinal artery, ultimately resulting in edema of the client's optic papilla. Which assessment would most likely address the etiology of this health problem?

monitoring of the client's intracranial pressure

While on an ocean cruise, a person develops malaise and nausea/vomiting. The nurse notes the client's blood pressure is 88/52 mm Hg; pulse is 110 bpm; and skin is moist with perspiration. Which diagnosis is associated with these clinical manifestations?

motion sickness

Restoration of the integrity of myelin sheaths would likely result in a slowing or stopping of the progression of:

multiple sclerosis (MS)

An adult client with suspected hypothyroidism is scheduled for a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test to evaluate pituitary response. Which test results would confirm secondary hypothyroidism?

no increase in TSH

The density of voltage-gated channels is greatest in which component of the neuron?

nodes of Ranvier

A two-day postoperative client's temperature was 98.5°F (36.9°C) at 3:00 pm. At 6:00 pm, the unlicensed assistant (UAP) notifies the nurse that the client's temperature is 102°F (38.9°C). Which action should the nurse take?

notify the physician.

A client is being seen in the dermatologist clinic for psoriasis. What term should the nurse select in the electronic health record (EHR) to describe the client's lesions associated with psoriasis?

plaques

Which structural change can contribute to mixed sensorimotor deficit?

polyneuropathies involving demyelination of peripheral nerves

Guillain-Barré syndrome is characterized by which form of neuron damage?

polyneuropathy

Which treatment should take place immediately in a client experiencing autonomic dysreflexia?

position the client in upright position, and correct the initiating stimulus.

The nurse is performing her morning assessment on a 69-year-old client on a medical-surgical unit. Upon assessing her pupils the nurse notices that they are equal and responsive to light but not to accommodation. The nurse is aware that with aging the lens becomes thicker and its capsule less elastic so she believes this to be the case. When accommodation is diminished in an older person as a result of aging this is referred to as:

presbyopia.

The nurse needs to assess a 1-year-old child for fever. Which approach will produce the most accurate reading?

rectal

A client's primary care provider has prescribed a β-adrenergic receptor blocker. About which desired therapeutic effects should the nurse educate the client?

reduction in heart rate and blood pressure

the transmission of impulses at the neuromuscular junction is mediated by which action?

release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine from autonomic nerve endings

An older adult client comes to the clinic complaining of seeing flashing lights and small spots. The client tells the nurse that this has been going on for over 24 hours but now it is as if there is a dark curtain whenever the client opens the eyes. The client asks the nurse if this means that blindness is imminent. What diagnosis should the nurse suspect?

retinal detachment

Antipyretic drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen, are often used to alleviate the discomforts of fever and protect vulnerable organs, such as the brain, from extreme elevations in body temperature. The use of aspirin is limited in children, however, because it can sometimes cause which disease?

reye syndrome

Acoustic neuroma tumors affect cranial nerve VIII and are made up of which type of cells??

schwann cells

The nurse is explaining to a client's family how vasogenic brain edema occurs. The most appropriate information for the nurse to provide would be:

the blood-brain barrier is disrupted, allowing fluid to escape into the extracellular fluid.

A nurse caring for an older adult who has been diagnosed with a urinary tract infection checks the client's temperature on admission and finds that it is 96.6°F (35.9°C). Which statement describes how the nurse should interpret the finding?

the client may be exhibiting a blunted or absent febrile response.

The nurse is assessing a client who presents with multiple nevi. In which case should the nurse refer the client for further assessment?

the client reports changes in nevi shape and size.

During physiology class, the instructor asks students to explain the pathology behind development of multiple sclerosis. Which student gave the most accurate description?

the demyelination and subsequent degeneration of nerve fibers and decreased oligodendrocytes, which interfere with nerve conduction

A nurse is providing education to a client newly diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Which statement reflects accurate information about the course of the disease?

the disorder may present with rapid life-threatening symptoms or may present as a slow insidious process.

A client undergoing an evaluation of hormone levels asks, "What regulates the hormone levels?" Which response by the nurse would be considered most accurate?

the hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system

A client with a history of migraine headaches tells the physician that he or she usually experiences an aura before the onset of the headache. The client is most likely experiencing:

visual disturbances

Which hormones cross cell membranes to connect to nuclear receptors? Select all that apply.

vitamin D Thyroid hormones Glucocorticoids

Which term is used to denote the pigmentation disorder in which the skin suddenly develops white patches on the face and arms?

vitiligo

A care aide at a long-term care facility has informed a resident's physician that the 80-year-old woman's eyes appear to be inflamed and that her eyelids are caked with sticky secretions. The woman has been subsequently diagnosed with posterior blepharitis. Which treatment is the physician likely to initiate?

warm compresses to be applied regularly to her eyes in addition to oral antibiotics

Which factors contribute to the severe hyperglycemia that precipitates hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS)?

water loss causing dehydration

Which type of reflex is stimulated by a nociceptive stimulus?

withdrawal reflex

A surgical client is at greatest risk for hypothermia during a surgical procedure related to:

impaired thermoregulatory mechanisms brought on by anesthesia.

During an eye assessment the nurse notes inflammation of the client's cornea. The nurse should document this as which condition?

keratitis

What is a physiologic basis for albinism?

lack of tyrosinase