NUR 1020 Fundamentals CH 6 Values, Ethics, and Advocacy

A nurse's friend states, "I admire you so much. I would love to be a nurse, but I don't think I have the courage." Which response will the nurse make?

"You can work on being more courageous as you learn to be a nurse."

What would be an example of the nurse practicing fidelity? The nurse:

stays with a client during death as promised.

Social justice:

upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights

Socialization into the nursing profession may have the most significant effect on:

values.

A nurse is of the Catholic faith and votes pro-life. This nurse is considered to have:

personal values.

Human dignity

respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations

Autonomy

right to self-determination

Which action most clearly demonstrates a nurse's commitment to social justice?

Lobbying for an expansion of healthcare resources and benefits to those in poverty

The nurse is managing the care for a postoperative client. How does the nurse demonstrate advocacy?

Limiting visitors due to the client reporting pain

A charge nurse has implemented staff education on nursing values. The nurse would determine that further education is required when which statement(s) are overheard? Select all that apply.

"I can't believe the client is giving that precious baby up for adoption." "The gonorrhea test was positive. That's what the client gets for sleeping around." "If that was my mother, I sure wouldn't agree to a no-code."

It is time for a nurse to renew licensure. The nurse says, "I need some really easy and quick continuing education hours. I don't understand why we have to do these every year." What is the nurse's coworker's best response?

"Life-long learning is part of the code for nurses."

The nurse has been educating a young adult client about living with type 1 diabetes and the importance of adhering to a strict dietary regimen. The client is repeatedly admitted and is not following the prescribed plan. What statement made by the nurse may facilitate values clarification for the client?

"Rank the three most important things in your life."

Which statement by the nurse is an example of deception?

"This injection of procaine will feel like a little pinch."

concern for welfare and well-being of others

A concern for welfare and well-being of others

Which best defines value clarification?

A process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems

Which word is best described as protection and support of another's rights?

Advocacy

Which scenario is an example of the laissez-faire approach to value transmission?

Allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted

A nurse volunteers to serve on the hospital ethics committee. Which action should the nurse expect to take as a member of the ethics committee?

Assist in decision making based on the client's best interests.

A client diagnosed with cancer has met with the oncologist and is now weighing whether to undergo chemotherapy or radiation for treatment. This client is demonstrating which ethical principle in making this decision?

Autonomy

A principle-based approach to bioethics identifies four key principles: _____________, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice.

Autonomy

Which ethical principle is related to the idea of self-determination?

Autonomy

Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to do good?

Beneficence

Which theory of ethics prioritizes the nurse's relationship with clients and the nurse's character in the practice of ethical nursing?

Care-based ethics

Which traits are examples of virtues that can exemplify character and conduct as a professional nurse? Select all that apply.

Compassion Trustworthiness Humility

When examining values, a nurse notes that one country allows physician-assisted suicide and another outlaws it, making it punishable by imprisonment. Which factors best explain the differences in values between these two countries?

Cultural

Nursing practice consistent with the Code of Ethics for Nurses includes which actions? Select all that apply.

Delivering culturally safe care Acknowledging that the client is the focus and center of care and remains a part of the treatment team Protecting the client's right to confidentiality and privacy

Which example most accurately depicts the ethical principle of autonomy?

Describing a surgery to a client before the consent is signed

Ethical _________ occurs when a nurse knows the right thing to do but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct course of action.

Distress

A nurse who is caring for a new mother realizes that the woman is not prepared to go home with her newborn after a hospital stay of only 24 hours. However, hospital policy dictates that the mother be discharged. This nurse may be faced with which moral problem?

Ethical distress

Which statement best conveys the concept of ethical agency?

Ethical practice requires a skill set that must be conscientiously learned and nurtured.

A hospice nurse is caring for a client with terminal cancer. The family would like the client to continue aggressive therapy to treat the cancer, but the client has voiced to the nurse that no further pursuit of treatment is desired. The nurse speaks to the family about the client's wishes, condition, and terminal state. This action is most likely derived from which nursing obligation?

Ethical principles

The term _____________ refers to the systematic study of principles of right and wrong conduct, virtue and vice, and good and evil as they relate to conduct.

Ethics

Using the nursing process to make ethical decisions involves following several steps. Which step is the nurse implementing when reflecting on the decision-making process and the role it will play in making future decisions?

Evaluating

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client. Which nursing actions demonstrate a caring and compassionate attitude? Select all that apply.

Explaining all nursing procedures clearly Offering snacks and beverages to visiting family Listening to the client tell stories about past experiences Notifying the client before leaving for lunch

The care-based approach to ethics focuses on the application of ethical principles.

False

A client rings the call bell to request pain medication. On performing the pain assessment, the nurse informs the client that the nurse will return with the pain medication. After a few moments, the nurse returns with the pain medication. The nurse's returning with the pain medication is an example of which principle of bioethics?

Fidelity

Which nursing action demonstrates the principle of fidelity?

Filing an incident report after making a medication error

A nurse reports to the charge nurse that a client medication due at 9 am was omitted. Which principle is the nurse demonstrating?

Integrity

A nurse is providing care for three clients on a medical unit, two of whom are significantly more acute than the third. The nurse is making a concerted effort to ensure that the less acute client still receives a reasonable amount of time, attention, and care during the course of the shift. Which ethical principle is the nurse attempting to practice?

Justice

A nurse knows that the expression "Do not cause harm" refers to which ethical principle?

Nonmaleficence

A nurse attempts to obtain an order for a feeding tube for an anorexic teenager who refuses to eat. What is the term for the ethical problem this nurse is experiencing?

Paternalism

A nurse obtains an order for a bed alarm for a confused client. This is an example of which ethical principle?

Paternalism

What is likely to have the greatest influence on an adolescent's formation of values during this developmental stage?

Peers

The International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics for Nurses (2012) has which elements? Select all that apply.

People Practice Profession Coworkers

The nurse strives to uphold human dignity when providing care to clients. Which behaviors by the nurse would best exemplify this value? Select all that apply.

Protects the privacy of the client Provides culturally competent care Maintains confidentiality

A nurse is caring for an older adult who has cancer and is experiencing complications requiring a revision of the plan of care. The nurse sits down with the client and the family and discusses their preferences while sharing the nurse's own judgments based on the nurse's expertise. Which type of healthcare decision making does this represent?

Shared decision making

A client continues to complain of pain despite receiving medication. The family states, "In our culture it is acceptable to complain out loud." What would be the best response by the nurse?

Tell me more about your cultural beliefs.

Which action would cause a charge nurse to have concerns about a nurse's moral agency?

The nurse was seen at a grocery store after calling in sick.

Which is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics?

The promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people

A nurse who acts as an intermediary between a patient and a health care provider who is not listening to the patient is practicing the art of advocacy.

True

In an ethical dilemma, two or more clear moral principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action.

True

Those who use a laissez-faire approach to value transmission leave children to explore values on their own and to develop a personal value system.

True

A _________ is a belief about the worth of something, about what matters, that acts as a standard to guide one's behavior.

Value

What are standards for decision-making that endure for a significant time in one's life?

Values

What is the term for the beliefs held by the individual about what matters?

Values

A client tells the nurse that the client does not want to have a painful procedure. By respecting and supporting the client's right to make decisions, the nurse is demonstrating:

advocacy.

To practice ethically, the nurse should avoid:

allowing the nurse's own personal judgment to guide practice.

A nurse is acting inappropriately and has an odor of alcohol. This behavior breaches the principle of:

ethical conduct.

A nurse working on a critical care unit was informed by a client with multiple sclerosis that the client did not wish to be resuscitated in the event of cardiac arrest. Now the client is no longer able to express wishes, and the family has informed the physician that they want the client to be resuscitated. Aware of the client's wishes, the nurse is involved in a situation that may involve:

ethical distress.

The foundation for decisions about resource allocation throughout a society or group is based on the ethical principle of:

justice.

Ethical distress is:

knowing the correct action but being unable to perform it due to constraints.

A client is brought to the emergency department by an adult child, who states, "I am unable to care for my parent anymore. Although I would like to, financially and physically I cannot do it anymore." What ethical problem is the adult child experiencing?

moral distress

An illegal immigrant with no health insurance sustained life-threatening injuries in an automobile accident. Which action in this case demonstrates the ethical principle of justice?

Airlifting the client to a local trauma center for emergency surgery

Which example best describes feminist ethics?

An approach critiquing existing patterns of oppression and domination in society

A nurse is providing care to a client with end-stage cancer. After weighing the alternatives, the client decides not to participate in a clinical trial offered and is requesting no further treatment. The nurse advocates for the client's decision based on the understanding that the client has the right to self-determination, interpreting the client's decision as reflecting which ethical principle?

Autonomy

A nurse who is dedicated to providing culturally competent care to her patients finds herself without the resources to communicate with a patient who speaks a different language. This problem may result in an ethical dilemma for the nurse.

False

A nurse who believes that abortion is wrong based on a rule that an innocent life should never be taken is applying the Utilitarian Theory of Ethics to practice.

False

A nurse is providing care to a client and is preparing the client for breakfast. The nurse assists the client out of bed to the chair and then helps the client open the items on the breakfast tray. The client begins to eat breakfast. The nurse tells the client, "I'll be back in about 10 minutes to check on you. In the meantime, here is your call light in case you need me." About 10 minutes later, the nurse returns to check on the client. The nurse is demonstrating which ethical principle?

Fidelity

A nurse is administering evening medications and notices that a medication was omitted during the day shift. Which statement demonstrates the principle of accountability?

Filling out an occurrence report and notifying the healthcare provider

The nurse has identified an ethical dilemma that has the potential to interfere with a client receiving optimal care. The nurse discussed this issue with the charge nurse on the unit. What action should the nurse choose next?

Monitor for resolution of the problem.

Which is the best definition of ethics?

The formal, systematic study of moral beliefs

Nurses who value client advocacy follow what guideline?

They give priority to the good of the individual client rather than to the good of society in general.

A female client is brought to the emergency room with matted hair, bruising, and malnutrition. The nurse suspects physical abuse and neglect. The nurse states, "This happens to many women." Which type of ethical approach is the nurse exhibiting?

Feminist

A child is born with values and forms new values during a lifetime from information from the environment, family, and culture.

False

A nurse is providing care for a client with cancer. The client's spouse requests that the client not be told that the client is terminal. The nurse complies with this request. The nurse's action is a breach of which ethical principle?

Fidelity

The nurse has an ethical dilemma and is using the ethical decision-making steps to guide to a correct decision. Place in order the steps the nurse uses in this process.

Gather data and assess the situation. Identify the ethical problem. Identify and weigh the alternatives. Implement the decision. Evaluate the decision.

A nurse manager receives negative survey results citing a decrease in the quality of client care. Which areas should the nurse manager research as causative factors in the decrease of quality care delivery? Select all that apply.

Inadequate staffing patterns Decreased satisfaction of nurses in the workplace

The professional nursing value of _____________ reflects acting in accordance with the appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice.

Integrity

Which value involves acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice?

Integrity

The nurse beginning practice would like to access the standards for ethical practice. Which organization should the nurse research for these standards?

International Council of Nurses

A parent of a 17-year-old high school student is allowing the child to decide which college the child will attend. When the child requests direction from the parent in making this decision, the parent responds by stating, "You will need to make this decision on your own." What type of value transmission is the parent displaying?

Laissez-faire

A nurse is reviewing The International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics for Nurses. Based on this code, the nurse would identify which responsibilities as being fundamental? Select all that apply.

Restoring health Promoting health Preventing illness Alleviating suffering

A nurse is preparing a client for discharge from the cardiac unit and observes cigarettes in the client's belongings. The nurse asks the client to consider the client's health and that of the client's spouse. This is an example of:

values clarification.