NUR 3405 - Quiz 2

What may be included in the Method section of a qualitative study? a. Efforts to enhance the integrity of the study b. The names of statistical tests used c. Study limitations d. The statistical significance

Efforts to enhance the integrity of the study

A researcher studies a theory about the grieving process which identifies its major elements or events. What type of theory would this be? a. Theoretical framework b. Predictive theory c. Explanatory theory d. Descriptive theory

Descriptive theory

When studying caring in nursing, focusing on the caring between nurse and client, which theories would be of most interest to a researcher? a. Health promotion model b. General systems theory c. Jean Watson's theory d. Orem's self-care theory

Jean Watson's theory

After completing a research study, the researcher develops a dissemination plan. Which factor is part of a dissemination plan? a. Generalizability of sample b. Method of data collection c. Type of study design d. Target audience

Target audience

Which reliability coefficient indicates the best reliability? a. r .95 b. r .90 c. r .80 d. r .70

r .95

During what step of the research process will the researcher establish if the study design should be quantitative or qualitative? a. Develop a detailed plan b. Analyze and interpret the results c. Identify and define the knowledge gap d. Implement the study

Develop a detailed plan

The degree to which two or more observers or coders agree about the scoring in an instrument is considered the: a. Test-retest b. Interrater reliability c. Internal consistency d. Sample variability

Interrater reliability

Which is a participative and less rigorous type of research dissemination setting that is suitable for all educational levels of nurses? a. Grand rounds b. Oral presentation c. Journal club d. Poster

Journal club

Which would be the best option for the nurse who is seeking out sources of information specific to the fields of psychology, behavioral sciences, and mental health? a. PubMed b. Cochrane c. PsycINFO d. Google

PsycINFO

A researcher has narrowed a search of electronic databases to 15 potential references. Which action in the screening process would be the most appropriate next step in identifying useful articles? a. Comparing databases for duplicate-referenced reports b. Evaluating search terms c. Reviewing the abstracts d. Reading the reports in their entirety

Reading the reports in their entirety

A nursing student studies data collection in nursing research. What is the most widely used data collection method by nurse researchers? a. Observation b. Biophysiologic measures c. Records d. Self-reports

Self-reports

The nurse links the research process with the research report. The actual publication of a journal article signifies which step of the research process? a. Implementation b. Analysis c. Interpretation d. Dissemination

Dissemination

A researcher explores how social support is related to health in older adults. What type of theory would this issue relate to? a. Predictive theory b. Inductive theory c. Explanatory theory d. Descriptive theory

Explanatory theory

Why does the Conclusions section of a research report hold an enormous amount of power? a. It's where the results and implications to practice are discussed b. It's where an overview of the study and key terms are discussed c. It's where the problem statement is discussed d. It's where study methodology and rationale are discussed

It's where the results and implications to practice are discussed

During which phase of the research process does the researcher develop a research proposal? a. Before submitting to the IRB b. As part of study dissemination c. After data analysis is completed d. When findings are complete

Before submitting to the IRB

The nurse skins the journal article to find information on the sample used in the study. In which section of the report would the sampling plan appear? a. Introduction b. Discussion c. Results d. Methods

Methods

What factors can make reading a research report difficult to some readers? Select All a. Font size b. Jargon c. Statistical information d. Objectivity e. Compactness

c. Statistical information d. Objectivity e. Compactness b. Jargon

When conducting a research literature search, which activity is the most reliable way to identify new scholarly references? a. Change topics and use new key search terms b. Review materials in commercial websites c. Search novel internet websites for up-to-date information d. Note relevant citations in the articles being reviewed

Note relevant citation in the articles being reviewed

A nurse visits the local health care library and reviews literature related to cessation of smoking. Which publication would be considered the most scholarly? a. A student essay published in he state nursing association newsletter b. An essay written by a client about his experiences in quitting smoking c. An informal book report published in a mainstream journal d. A qualitative study published in The Journal of Nursing Research

A qualitative study published in The Journal of Nursing Research

A nurse is completing a literature review. The nurse has several ideas for a focus but has not nailed down a specific topic to examine. Which step would be most helpful to follow at this stage of the process? a. Screen and read articles b. Retrieve and print source materials c. Formulate a clear research question d. Review abstracts for articles

Formulate a clear research question

A nurse researcher develops a problem statement for a study. What component is included in a well-structured problem statement for nursing research? a. Sustainability of the problem b. Difficulties in collecting data for the study c. Gap in knowledge about the problem d. Anticipated study findings

Gap in knowledge about the problem

A researcher begins the searching process by entering key terms. The search yields over 180 potential articles. Which action in the screening process would be the most appropriate next step in identifying useful articles? a. Identify MeSH terms in making keywords more specific b. Read the abstract of each article to narrow the number of articles c. Review some of the studies for alternate keywords d. Leave out keywords in the next search phase

Identify MeSH terms in making keywords more specific

Nurse researchers work in a variety of roles and settings. What are the three primary domains where nursing research has an impact? a. Theory development, medical practice, evaluation b. Health care improvement, wellness, development c. Public education, safety, environment d. Public policy, nursing practice, nursing professional status

Public policy, nursing practice, nursing professional status

What is the most effective dissemination strategy to use for the goal of improved client care and cost containment? a. Oral presentations b. Quality and process improvement initiatives c. Publications d. Nursing grand rounds

Quality and process improvement initiatives

What is the major difference between the quantitative and qualitative research processes? a. Qualitative research follows a linear progression while quantitative research follows a non-linear progression b. The final phase in quantitative research is dissemination of findings, which is not true of qualitative research c. The final phase in qualitative research is dissemination of findings, which is not true of quantitative research d. Quantitative research follows a linear progression while qualitative research follows a non-linear progression

Quantitative research follows a linear progression while qualitative research follows a non-linear progression

A nurse wants information on a new subject area. Which research source is considered the most reliable of the options provided? a. Looking an answer up in a nursing school textbook b. Searching Google for answers c. Asking an experienced health care professional for answers d. Seeking out literature in an electronic database, such as CINAHL or MEDLINE

Seeking out literature in an electronic database, such as CINAHL or MEDLINE

A nurse studying the problem of ventilator-acquired pneumonia plans for data collection in the intensive care unit. What statement is most accurate regarding measuring biophysiologic variables? a. The variables historically conflict with other measures b. These measures are reliable when measured correctly c. These measures often prove insignificant d. These variables are difficult to measure with accuracy

These measures are reliable when measured correctly

The nurse who engages in health disparities research keeps one major outcome in mind. Which statement best describes the outcome? a. To decrease health disparities by reducing the health differences among populations b. To magnify differences between groups in order to learn various health care practices c. To isolate vulnerable populations so that they can practice their health care routines without interference d. To differentiate the cultural rituals between population groups and highlight these differences

To decrease health disparities by reducing the health difference among populations

When beginning a literature search for relevant evidence, the researcher selects databases to review. Which database is most likely to include nursing studies? a. MEDLINE b. Google Scholar c. PubMed d. CINAHL

CINAHl

A nurse searches for systematic reviews that summarize the results of several studies in one research article. Which database would be most likely to provide this information? a. PubMed b. Cochrane c. PsycINFO d. Google scholar

Cochrane

In what section of a research journal article should the conclusions of the research be listed? a. Introduction section b. Method section c. Discussion section d. Results section

Discussion section

A nurse researcher reviews the literature on fall prevention on the hospital medical surgical unit. Which type of literature presents the strongest evidence for practice? a. Experimental Study b. Expert opinion c. Case study d. Descriptive study

Experimental study

The stability of an instrument is described as: a. Wide variation in results to account for situational influences b. The degree to which similar results are obtained on separate occasions c. The variability of the internal inconsistency d. A numeric index that quantifies an instrument's reliability

The degree to which similar results are obtained on separate occasions

A researcher is planning a study in which pain levels are measure. What is the name of a self-report pain scale that utilizes a straight line measuring 100mm? a. Likert scale b. Visual analog scale c. 0-10 scale d. Faces scale

Visual analog scale

Which steps are parts of a qualitative study? Select all a. Conceptualizing and planning the study b. Doing a literature review c. Developing intervention protocols d. Specifying methods to measure variables and collect data e. Identifying the research problem

b. Doing a literature review a. Conceptualizing and planning the study e. Identifying the research problem

A nurse researcher develops a research proposal. Which components would be found in an abstract? Select all a. Design and methods b. Institutional Review Board approval c. Clinical significance d. Purpose e. Budget

c. Clinical significance d. Purpose a. Design and methods

When reading a study in a journal, which components of the research report would the nurse be looking for? a. Implementation b. Problem identification c. Introduction d. Dissemination e. Methods

e. Methods c. Introduction

4. The nurse learns to identify qualities of refereed publications. What are characteristics of a peer-reviewed journal? Select all a. Written in technical language b. Author affiliation is provided c. Provided free of charge to the general public d. Aim for general application and readers e. Sources are clearly referenced

e. Sources are clearly referenced b. Author affiliation is provided a. Written in technical language

What elements may be contained in the results section of a research study? Select all a. The statistical significance b. Study limitations c. Clinical and research implications d. The value of the calculated statstics e. The names of statistical tests used

e. The names of the statistical tests used a. The statistical significance d. The value of the calculated statistic

The nurse studies the role of research on health promotion and disease prevention. Immunizations, education classes, and using seat belts are examples of what type of prevention measure? a. Lateral prevention b. Primary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Secondary prevention

Primary prevention

In differentiating between quantitative and qualitative research, what is a component of the purpose statement in a qualitative study? a. Cause and effect statement b. Study variables and concepts c. The phenomenon d. Background of the study

The phenomenon

What are the main sections of a research report in the IRMAD format? Select All a. Introduction b. Method c. Results d. Bibliography e. Discussion

a. Introduction c. Results b. Method e. Discussion

In developing a research proposal, what type of document does the nurse researcher have in mind? a. A financial plan to raise funds for the project b. An agreement between student and mentor c. A contract between the researcher and clinical site d. A plan for study on a specific topic

A plan for study on a specific topic

In which research process step would the researcher utilize a codebook? a. Selecting a research design b. Defining and describing the knowledge gap or problem c. Disseminating findings d. Analyzing and interpreting the results

Analyzing and interpreting the results

A nurse searches for a place to publish articles. What is true of a peer-reviewed journal? a. Articles are evaluated by a panel of experts before being accepted for publication b. Articles are reviewed locally for accuracy and to maintain confidentiality c. A peer-reviewed journal is always published by a professional organization d. The author submits letters of recommendation along with the manuscript

Articles are evaluated by a panel of experts before being accepted for publication

When the nurse searches for nursing topics, what electronic database includes the most nursing literature? a. CINAHL b. ERIC c. MedPub d. MEDLINE

CINAHL

Health disparities research might focus on one of several levels of disparity. Which level would ethnicity, culture, and language fall under? a. Health care system level b. Provider level c. Client/individual level d. National level

Client/Individual level

Which role specifically describes the nurse who develops policies and procedures for a health care agency, after analyzing the available research? a. Design and implement studies b. Identify researchable problems c. Critique relevant research studies d. Apply findings to practice

Critique relevant research studies

Community nurse researchers engage in a variety of research roles. Which role specifically describes the nurse who conducts a study on the availability of healthy food options in the community? a. Apply findings to practice b. Design and implement studies c. Critique relevant research studies d. Identify researchable problems

Design and implement studies

A nurse is looking across all of the studies reviewed to date and asks questions such as, "What is the pattern of evidence?" "How much evidence is there?" and "How consistent is the evidence?" The nurse is in what stage of the literature review process? a. Evaluate and analyze the studies b. Read and screen sources c. Formulate and refine primary and secondary questions d. Devise a search strategy

Evaluate and analyze the studies

In determining a problem statement, the nurse considers several ideas. What is a major source of ideas for research problems? Select all a. Nursing code of ethics b. Personal nursing experience c. Theories or conceptual frameworks d. American Nurses Association policy statements e. Nursing literature

b. Personal nursing experience c. Theories or conceptual frameworks e. Nursing literature

What are the implications of significant study limitations? a. Increases in generalizability and transferability b. Decrease in generalizability and transferability c. Decreased reflexivity d. Increased relexivity

Decrease in generalizability and transferability

When conducting a literature review, a nurse researcher locates a systematic review that includes quantitative studies. This design is considered a high-level, primary source because it: a. Follows a predetermined and rigorous research method of analysis b. Primarily summarizes qualitative research studies c. Provides brief summaries of expert opinion articles and research d. Supplements searches that have not yielded adequate research results

Follows a predetermined and rigorous research method of analysis

One way the nurse remembers research information is with acronyms. Which acronym represents the four main sections of a research report in the correct order? a. IMRD b. IDDM c. IDRM d. IRMD

IMRD

The problem statement in a study identifies a(n) a. Method to measure variables and collect data b. Intervention protocol c. Knowledge gap d. Research methodology

Knowledge gap

A nurse researcher learns to identify secondary sources in the literature. Which source would be considered secondary? a. Meta-synthesis b. Meta-analysis c. Randomized controlled trial d. Literature review

Literature review

A nurse learns to conduct an effective search using search tools, such as Boolean operators. Which search term is likely to gather the most information? a. Diabetes b. Obesity and diabetes c. Obesity d. Obesity or diabetes

Obesity or Diabetes

A nurse is learning about the peer-review process. Which individual would be considered a peer-reviewer? a. Researchers or experts in the field b. Staff nurses who work in the same area of nursing c. Physicians or medical practitioners d. Staff working at the same institution

Researchers or experts in the field

A nurse researcher differentiates between primary and secondary sources of literature. Which source would be considered primary? a. An article written by clinical experts on how to care for heart failure clients b. A quick reference guide on care of the client with heart failure c. The research report of a clinical trial in a research journal d. A chapter in a textbook on orthopedic nursing

The research report of a clinical trial in a research journal

When a nurse conducts a literature search, what is the advantage of having a well-thought-out search strategy? Select all a. Decreases frustration b. Expands the scope of the search c. Saves time d. Locates more relevant and useful resources e. Locates a larger number of general references

c. Saves time a. Decreases frustration d. Locates more relevant and useful resources

In the knowledge transmission phase of research dissemination, it is important to identify which characteristics of the target audience? a. Gender b. Literacy level c. Income d. Health insurance status

Literacy level

A nurse reviews a study on nutrition in children. Which phrase describes the following statement: "Children who watch an average of two or more hours of television per day will have higher BMIs than children who watch less than 2 hours of television per day?" a. It is a directional research hypothesis b. It is a non-directional hypothesis c. It is a directional research question d. It is a non-directional research question

It is a directional research hypothesis

The nurse who evaluates educational approaches to improving blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes is addressing which type of prevention measure? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Lateral prevention

Secondary prevention

In conducting a subject search in an electronic database, the nurse would most likely initiate the search by typing in: a. The name of a journal b. A research design c. A keyword or phrase d. An author's name

A keyword or phrase

When reviewing a journal article on pain, which statement would indicate to the nurse that it was taken from the results section of a study? a. "Pain was measured on a numerical scale ranging from 0 to 10." b. "Pain is defined as a subjective phenomenon." c. "In a previous study, pain scores correlated strongly with anxiety." d. "Average pain score of the control group was 5.5 on a scale of 10."

"Average pain score of the control group was 5.5 on a scale of 10"

The nurse reviews the Sources of Evidence Pyramid. Rank order the list of types of evidence from top (highest level) to bottom (lowest level). 1. Quasi-experimental study 2. Case report 3. Systematic review 4. Single qualitative study 5. Randomized controlled trial

- Systematic review - Randomized controlled trial - Quasi-experimental study - Single qualitative study - Case report

Internal consistency is evaluated by calculating: a. Statistical power b. Composite scales c. Coefficient alpha (Cronbach's alpha) d. T-test

Coefficient alpha (Cronbach's alpha)

A researcher studies the effect of a therapeutic mattress on the incidence of pressure ulcers in debilitated clients. What type of theory would this research draw from? a. Explanatory theory b. Descriptive theory c. Predictive theory d. Inductive theory

Predictive theory

A nurse researcher develops a purpose statement for a quantitative study. Which component is included in a well-structured purpose statement for nursing research? a. Suggests the consequences of the study b. Identifies key study variables c. Identifies the research method used d. Indicates the data collection method

Identifies key study variables

Why should researchers list limitations in a research report? a. Limitations are a direct indication the research is flawed b. Indicates the researcher considered them when interpreting the findings c. Limitations are used to answer the research questions d. Allows peer reviewers to omit the critique process

Indicates the researcher considered them when interpreting the findings

Which dissemination strategy should take less than 5 minutes to read, accentuated by tables and graphics in a visually appealing format? a. Poster presentation b. Publication c. Journal club d. Oral presentation

Poster presentation

A nurse studies how theoretical frameworks relate to research. Which factors is part of a theoretical framework? a. Proposed relationships between the variables in a study design b. Operational definition of how the variables will be measured c. Description of the statistical analysis that will be done d. Plan for searching the literature on the topic

Proposed relationships between the variables in a study design

The nurse questions, "What is meant by a blind review?" Which statement best answers the question? a. The journal selects reviewers who know little about the topic b. Authors can select no more than 1 out of 3 reviewers for their paper c. The author is not told which journal has accepted the article for publication d. Reviewers are not told the name or affiliation of the authors

Reviewers are not told the name or affiliation of the authors

A nurse researcher plans a qualitative study on the experience of miscarriage. Why would interviews be preferable to questionnaires when studying this topic? a. The quality of the data tends to be higher with interviews b. Interviews yield data that are easier to analyze c. Interviews are less expensive d. Interviews require less training of research personnel

The quality of the data tends to be higher with interviews

What aspects of reliability are important to quantitative researchers? Select all a. Equivalence b. Stability c. Inconsistency d. Internal consistency e. Variability

a. Equivalence d. Internal consistency b. Stability

Cost of access is one factor that affects nurses' ability to search for information. Which databases are available free of charge? Select all a. MEDLINE b. Cochrane c. Google scholar d. PubMed e. CINAHL

a. MEDLINE c. Google Scholar

What might limit the ability to draw conclusions from a study? Select all a. Measures used b. The sample c. Problem statement d. Study design e. Methods

a. Measures used b. The sample d. Study design e. Methods

These are strategies to make reading research articles easier. What are some helpful tips for reading research articles? Select all a. Read articles slowly b. Read articles frequently c. Write notes or questions in the margins d. Translate jargon into words you understand e. Read articles infrequently

a. Read articles slowly c. Write notes or questions in the margins d. Translate jargon into words you understand b. Read articles frequently

A researcher is planning a quantitative study on the effect of early ambulation in hip replacement clients. What data collection methods are appropriate for this quantitative study? Select all a. Observation b. Biophysiologic measures c. Focus groups d. Self-reports e. Open-ended interviews

d. Self-reports b. Biophysiologic measures a. Observation

A nurse is trying to produce the best search results possible using keyword searches. What is an appropriate tip to provide in order to achieve this goal? Select all a. Create an abstract b. Create a presentation to summarize results c. Evaluate and analyze studies d. Use Boolean logic (ex. AND/OR operators) e. Use wildcard characters

d. Use Boolean logic (ex. AND/OR operators) e. Use wildcard characters