NUR4165 Quiz #1
In terms of the PICO scheme, the independent variable corresponds to the:
"I" & "C".
A nurse studies the potential impact of nursing research on the profession. Which statement best describes the value of research?
"Research generates knowledge for a variety of roles."
The nurse learns to identify qualities of refereed publications. What are characteristics of a peer-reviewed journal? (Select all that apply.)
- Author affiliation is provided - Written in technical language - Sources are clearly referenced
A nurse learns about improving care through evidence-based practice (EBP). What are the essential components of EBP? (Select all that apply.)
- Client preferences - Clinician expertise - Research studies
Which steps are parts of a qualitative study? (Select all that apply.)
- Identifying the research problem - Doing a literature review - Conceptualizing and planning the study
The nurse reviews the steps in the research process. Rank order the steps in the usual order they are addressed:
- Problem - Planning - Implementation - Analyzing and interpretation - Dissemination
Which statement is true about variables?
- Researchers sometimes create a variable - Variables are often inherent human characteristics - The dependent variable corresponds to the "O" (outcome) in a PICO question - Variables are the central building blocks of quantitative studies.
The nurse determines the strength of evidence for application to practice, based on study design. Rank order these types of reports based on the Hierarchy of Evidence.
- Systematic review of all relevant RCTs - Evidence obtained from well-designed RCTs - Evidence from controlled trials without randomization - Evidence from single descriptive studies - Evidence from the opinion of experts
when a nurse conducts a literature search, what is the advantage of having a well thought out search strategy
- locates more relevant and useful resources - saves time - decreases frustration
the nurse reviews the sources of evidence pyramid. rank order the list of types of evidence from top (highest level) to bottom (lowest level)
- systematic review - randomized controlled trial - quasi-experimental study - single qualitative study - case report
in determining a problem statement, the nurse considers several ideas. what is a major source of ideas for research problems
- theories or conceptual frameworks - personal nursing experience - nursing literature
when reviewing research terminology, the nurse defines major terms. when a variable can be manipulated to cause an effect on the dependent variable, what is it called?
- treatment - intervention - independent variable
a nurse is trying to produce the best search results possible using keyword searches. what is an appropriate tip to provide in order to achieve this goal?
- use boolean logic (e.g. AND/OR operators) - use wildcard characters
A nurse reviews a PICO question in a report. Based on the nurse's knowledge of this method, what would represent the "P" in PICO?
34 parents of premature infants
In which research process step would the researcher utilize a code book?
Analyzing and interpreting the results
Community nurse researchers engage in a variety of research roles. Which role specifically describes the nurse who conducts a study on the availability of healthy food options in the community?
Design and implement studies.
During what step of the research process will the researcher establish if the study design should be quantitative or qualitative?
Develop a detailed plan
A researcher who conducts original research studies independently with the goal of expanding nursing knowledge is educated at what level?
Doctorate
A nurse reviews the core competencies for interprofessional collaborative practice. Which example reflects the competency of "Values/Ethics for Interprofessional Practice"?
Maintain a climate of mutual respect.
Identify the independent variable in this statement: Adult clients between the ages of 18 and 35 report reduced pain after music therapy
Music therapy
the nurse reviews research reports to determine if they are related to a current clinical problem. which section of the report would be most useful to give an overview of the study?
abstract
A researcher studies the effect of a therapeutic mattress on the incidence of pressure ulcers in debilitated clients. What type of theory would this research draw from?
Predictive theory
The nurse studies the role of research on health promotion and disease prevention. Immunizations, education classes, and using seat belts are examples of what type of prevention measure?
Primary prevention
A nurse studies how theoretical frameworks relate to research. Which factors is part of a theoretical framework?
Proposed relationships between the variables in a study design
Nurse researchers work in a variety of roles and settings. What are the three primary domains where nursing research has an impact?
Public policy, nursing practice, nursing professional status
When selecting a problem for a quantitative study, which are most likely to be used as sources of information? (Select all that apply.)
Published research studies about topics of interest Existing nursing theories Creative questioning about practice
The nurse is learning to review research reports. interpretation of the results, step 4 of the research process, will appear in which section of the research report?
discussion
where should this excerpt belong in a research report for a qualitative study? "Given the findings from this study, health providers should provide this population with effective incentives to modify their eating habits for health purposes."
discussion
at the completion of a study, a researcher prepares a poster to display at an upcoming professional conference. which research phase is described by this activity?
dissemination phase
a nurse is looking across all of the studies reviewed to date and ask questions such as "what is the pattern of evidence?" and "How consistent is the evidence?" the nurse is in what stage of the literature review process?
evaluate and analyze the studies
a nurse researcher plans to study the effect of an innovative educational intervention on teaching adults with chronic lung disease to take their medications. clinic clients will be randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. which design would be selected?
experimental
a staff nurse works with clients receiving chemotherapy as part of a blind study. what design types would always be used in a blind study?
experimental
when planning to test the effect of an intervention to improve blood glucose outcomes in diabetes, the nurse would select which study design?
experimental
a nurse researcher reviews the literature on fall prevention on the hospital medical surgical unit. which type of literature presents the strongest evidence for practice?
experimental study
A researcher explores how social support is related to health in older adults. What type of theory would this issue relate to?
explanatory theory
when conducting a literature review, a nurse researcher locates a systematic review that includes quantitative studies. this design is considered a high level, primary source because it:
follows a predetermined and rigorous research method of analysis
a nurse is completing a literature review. the nurse has several ideas for a focus, but has not nailed down a specific topic to examine. which step would be most helpful to follow at this stage of the process?
formulate a clear research question
a nurse researcher develops a problem statement for a study. what component is included in a well structured problem statement for nursing research
gap in knowledge about the problem
A nurse receives an overview of research. The statements "to improve the care of people in a clinical setting" and "to develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession" are both examples of which aspect of nursing research?
goals
a nurse researcher develops a purpose statement for a quantitative study. which component is included in a well-structured purpose statement for nursing research?
identifies key study variables
a researcher begins the searching process by entering key terms. the search yields over 180 potential articles. which action in the screening process would be the most appropriate next step in identifying useful articles.
identify MeSH terms in making keywords more specific
a nurse reviews a study on nutrition in children. which phrase describes the following statement: "children who watch an average of two or more hours of television per day will have higher BMIs than children who watch less than two hours of television per day?"
it is a directional research hypothesis
The problem statement in a study identifies a(n):
knowledge gap
a nurse researcher learns to identify secondary sources in the literature. which source would be considered secondary?
literature review
The nurse differentiates between types of systematic reviews. Which type includes only qualitative studies?
meta-synthesis
in which section of a research paper would the nurse reading a research report find a description of the research design, sampling plan, and study procedures?
methods
when reading a research journal, the nurse examines quantitative and qualitative studies for differences. Which components would be unique to a quantitative study?
names of statistical tests are included
when conducting a research literature search, which activity is the most reliable way to identify new scholarly references?
note relevant citations in the articles being reviewed
a nurse researcher plans to study the effect of a nurse residency program on job retention in newly graduated nurses. the study involves a control group of new graduates who did not participate in the residency program. what is the independent variable in this study?
nurse residency program
a nurse researcher studies the effect of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) on post operative adults clients' pain levels. what is the dependent variable in this study
pain level
when reading research reports, which terms is the nurse most likely to find in a qualitative report?
phenomena, verbal data, inductive process
the nurse reviews a research report that describes the experience of parenting a child with a heart transplant. the data in the study was primarily collected through interviews. based upon this information, what type of study is this?
phenomenological
When engaging in a research study, in what order does the nurse organize the steps of the research process?
problem, planning, implementation, analysis, and interpretation, dissemination
When reviewing a research journal, the nurse is aware that this research method involves collection of numerical data:
quantitative
a researcher has narrowed a search of electronic databases to 15 potential references. which action in the screening process would be the most appropriate next step in identifying useful articles?
reading the reports in their entirety
in differentiating between quantitative and qualitative research, what is a component of the purpose statement in a qualitative study?
the phenomenon
a nurse researcher differentiates between primary and secondary sources of literature. which source would be considered primary?
the research report of a clinical trial in a research journal
the nurse explores the differences between the paradigms used in quantitative and qualitative research. which clinical or research question would most likely fall under the constructivist paradigm?
what is the meaning of being diagnosed with breast cancer?
What is a major difference between the quantitative and qualitative research processes?
Quantitative research follows a linear progression while qualitative research follows a non-linear progression.
As a nurse learns more about being a consumer of research, questions about application arise. What is the value of being a consumer of research?
To enhance nursing practice
The nurse appreciates the importance of interprofessional competencies. What is the ultimate goal of interprofessional practice?
To ensure community and population oriented / client and family-centered care.
Which research activity would be expected of a nurse who had taken a research course at the baccalaureate level?
Understand the research process and identify researchable problems.
In conducting a subject search in an electronic database, you would most likely initiate the search by typing in:
a keyword or phrase
A researcher studies a theory about the grieving process which identifies its major elements or events. What type of theory would this be?
Descriptive theory
A nurse visits the local health care library and reviews literature related to cessation of smoking. Which publication would be considered the most scholarly?
A qualitative study published in The Journal of Nursing Research.
A nurse searches for a place to publish articles. What is true of a peer reviewed journal?
Articles are evaluated by a panel of experts before being accepted for publication.
The nurse notes that both the nursing process and research process include client assessment. Which assessment activity would be unique to the research process?
Assessment of the gap in nursing knowledge on a problem
Which role specifically describes the nurse who develops policies and procedures for a health care agency, after analyzing the available research?
Critique relevant research studies.
From a clinical nurse's point of view, how are the nursing process and research process related?
Both help to improve outcomes across the illness-wellness continuum.
when beginning a literature search for relevant evidence, the researcher selects databases to review. which database is most likely to include nursing studies?
CINAHL
when the nurse searches for nursing topics, what electronic database includes the most nursing literature?
CINAHL
What would represent a dependent variable in a research study?
Client satisfaction
When engaging in the implementation phase of research, which action is the nurse likely to take?
Collect study data.
A nurse practices writing PICO questions. Which question is written following the PICO format?
In school-age children, is PCA (patient-controlled analgesia) more effective than intermittent medication to control pain?
A nurse is concerned that some staff nurses are not adequately charting their assigned clients because they lack computer skills. As the nurse differentiates between the four core competencies, this issues would fall into which competency?
Interprofessional communication practices
Why do nurse researchers find the PICO method of framing a clinical question effective?
It ensures the literature search is more effective.
When studying caring in nursing, focusing on the caring between nurse and client, which theories would be of most interest to a researcher?
Jean Watson's Theory
A nurse is learning about the peer-review process. Which individual would be considered a peer-reviewer?
Researchers or experts in the field
The nurse questions, "What is meant by a blind review?" Which statement best answers this question?
Reviewers are not told the name or affiliation of the authors.
A nurse participates on an interprofessional team to implement EBP. Emphasizing which core competency would help different team members clearly understand what is expected of them?
Roles and responsibilities for collaborative practice
The nurse who evaluates educational approaches to improving blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes is addressing which type of prevention measure?
Secondary prevention
The nurse must compensate for barriers that arise when doing research. Which barrier would occur during the implementation phase?
Staff not adequately trained to collect data
A nurse summarizes the pattern of levels of evidence for practice. Which type of report would likely contain the strongest evidence?
Systematic review of quantitative studies
A nurse wants to become more involved in the research process. What does it mean to be a consumer of nursing research?
Take time to read and critique research reports.
The nurse reviews how the nursing process and research process are related. How does the nursing process contribute to the research process?
The nursing process helps nurses identify new problems that require further investigation.
When analyzing the nursing process and the research process, the nurse asks, "How would I use these processes differently?"
The purpose of the nursing process is to provide scientifically based care.
The nurse locates a meta-analysis study on a clinical topic. When evaluating the research question or hypothesis for the individual studies, what characteristic is to be expected?
The questions or hypotheses across studies should be essentially identical.
The nurse examines characteristics of systematic reviews. Which quality would always be part of systematic reviews?
They are developed through standard sampling and data procedures.
Identify the dependent variable in this statement: Adult clients between the ages of 18 and 65 who smoke 2 packs of cigarettes daily are at increased risk for lung cancer.
cancer
Nurses prepared at all levels of education have a role to play in research. Which role is expected of all registered nurses?
consumers