NURS 225 Test 3 EOC Questions

What are the two areas of focus for translational research? A. Basic research and moving the outcomes to the best practices B. Basic and patient oriented research C. Cost effectiveness and communication D. Understanding prevention and treatment options

A. Basic research and moving the outcomes to the best practices

A primary reason for using mixed method methodologies is the opportunity to __________ that might otherwise be overlooked. A. Catch complexities B. Define concepts C. Describe new research problems D. Uncover opportunities

A. Catch complexities

Which statistical test has a dependent variable that is nominal in nature? A. Chi squared B. T-test C. ANOVA D. Two-way ANOVA

A. Chi squared

Which inferential procedure is appropriate when there is one nominal scale dependent variable and one nominal scale independent variable? A. Chi-square B. T-test C. One way ANOVA D. Factor analysis

A. Chi-square

When a researcher endeavors to use mixed methods design to answer an identified research problem, the blending of the methods is based on: A. Combining the methods to capitalize on their strong points while negating their flaws. B. Combining the methods to blend both their strengths and their weaknesses. C. Separating the strengths from the weaknesses within the different designs. D. Separating the weaker method from the stronger method.

A. Combining the methods to capitalize on their strong points while negating their flaws.

Limitations related to the use of mixed method strategies include the: A. Cost and additional time required B. Extensive and comprehensive research questions involved C. Vivacity of the evidence provided D. Complementary insights and perceptions provided

A. Cost and additional time required

The extent to which a researcher is able to accurately express the feeling and emotions of the study participants in a faithful manner is a measure of which of the following concepts? A. Credibility B. Transferability C. Authenticity D. Dependability

A. Credibility

When writing up a research project, the researcher describes in detail the audit trail used as conclusions about data were drawn. Which criterion for reliability and validity was met? A. Credibility B. Transferability C. Dependability D. Confirmability

A. Credibility

The preliminary action taken for a logic model development is: A. Determining the challenge/problem B. Setting up the resources and activities to be done C. Clarifying the impact of the process D. Developing the action plan

A. Determining the challenge/problem

The determination of the mixed methods design approach must address the meshing of the qualitative and quantitative methodologies through the use of which of the following criteria? A. Implementation, prioritization and integration B. Implementation, analysis and investigation C. Analysis, prioritization and integration D. Collection, prioritization and analysis

A. Implementation, prioritization and integration

In interpreting quantitative research results, the representativeness of the sample is most closely tied to which of the following? A. Internal validity B. External validity C. Sample validity D. Research validity

A. Internal validity

Translational research strives to sue a decision-making process to: A. Move the results from the bench to the bedside. B. Identify selected topics for research C. Restrict who can complete research to individuals understanding the entire process. D. Focus only on the use of basic research.

A. Move the results from the bench to the bedside.

What level of measurement is most often associated with categorical data such as gender? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio

A. Nominal

The focus of attention for the implementation of translational research is: A. Patients only B. Populations only C. Patients and population D. Patients, animals and populations

A. Patients only

Mixed methods research combines elements of which two methods? A. Quantitative and Qualitative B. Transferability and trustworthiness C. Prospective and retrospective D. Phenomenology and ethnography

A. Quantitative and Qualitative

What is a primary reason the researcher might consider the use of mixed methods research? A. The need to examine a problem that calls for real-life and contextual understanding of multilevel perspective B. Willingness to engage in the use of, and confidence in, one research method C. Willingness for risk taking D. Lack of confidence in qualitative methods

A. The need to examine a problem that calls for real-life and contextual understanding of multilevel perspective

The logic modeling approach that underscores the use of change theory to transform the design and plan for program reflects which approach? A. Theory approach B. Outcome approach C. Activities approach D. Action plan approach

A. Theory approach

Which of the following types of studies would require the largest sample size? A. A study in which the population is homogeneous B. A study involving multiple variables C. A study measuring interval-level variables D. A study using a cluster sample

B. A study involving multiple variables

A researcher who wishes to study the impact of having a child with cystic fibrosis on family functioning contacts the local chapter of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation for assistance in finding parents to interview. Parents of children with cystic fibrosis in the local chapter are the: A. Target population B. Accessible population C. Sample D. Participants

B. Accessible population

Triangulation in mixed methods research is utilized for the purpose of supporting the ____________ validity. A. Criterion B. Convergent C. Construct D. Variable

B. Convergent

Qualitative data analysis seeks __________ in understanding a phenomenon. A. Rigor B. Depth C. Numbers D. Statistical significance

B. Depth

An advantage of using a mixed methods design for a research study is to: A. Increase the biases associated with the use of two designs B. Provide insight into the complexity of the problem under study C. Impart generalizability to the findings of the study D. Decrease the impartiality associated with the use of one design

B. Provide insight into the complexity of the problem under study

The researcher collecting data notices that she is beginning to hear the same things repeatably and no new themes are emerging. The researcher recognizes that what has occurred? A. Triangulation B. Saturation C. Quantizing D. Redundancy

B. Saturation

Which of the following is an inferential statistic? A. Mode B. T-test C. Standard deviation D. Range

B. T-test

What is the standard deviation? A. The square of the mean deviation B. The square of the variance C. The square root of the variance D. The square root of the sum of squares

B. The square of the variance

When writing up a research project, the researcher describes in detail the sample, setting and data. Which criterion for reliability and validity was met? A. Credibility B. Transferability C. Dependability D. Confirmability

B. Transferability

The use of a one-tailed verses a two-tailed test of significance of the differences between two samples is determined by: A. Whether there is expected overlap between the error curves of the two sample distributions B. Whether the difference is expected to be in one direction only C. The size of the samples relative to population size D. Whether the subjects were matched or chosen randomly

B. Whether the difference is expected to be in one direction only

The logic modeling approach that concentrates on the implementation strategies to transform the program reflects which approach? A. Theory approach B. Outcome approach C. Activities approach D. Action plan approach

C. Activities approach

Which statistic is often used for nominally scaled variables? A. T-test B. ANOVA C. Chi squared D. Pearson product moment

C. Chi squared

A researcher investigated the relationship between vitamin c supplements (none, 500mg, 1000mg) and workers (office, outdoors), in terms of the frequency of colds. Which of the following are the dependent variables? A. Colds B. Vitamin C C. Colds and workers D. Vitamin C and workers

C. Colds and workers

A researcher has decided to conduct a satisfaction survey among all of the patients who presented to the emergency department over a 2 month period of type. This is an example of which sampling method? A. Stratified random sampling B. Cluster sampling C. Convenience sampling D. Purposive sampling

C. Convenience sampling

The outputs as used within a logic model depict the: A. Action plan B. Translational research C. Deliverables and/or units of services D. Activities

C. Deliverables and/or units of services

Which of the following best illustrates the emic perspective in research? A. Finding a quality of a phenomenon and looking for examples of the quality B. Taking an outsiders view of a phenomenon C. Exploring the way members of the group view themselves D. Validating perspectives about a group through discussion

C. Exploring the way members of the group view themselves

In mixed methods research, how is collection of quantitative and qualitative data often treated? A. Synchronously B. Stringently C. Independently D. Statistically?

C. Independently

Terms used for logic modeling are: A. Basic research, patient oriented research, or program theory B. Program theory, logical framework, or action plan C. Logical framework, theory of change, or program matrix D. Theory of change, action plan, or program matrix

C. Logical framework, theory of change, or program matrix

Another term used within the literature for mixed methods design is: A. Quantitative design B. Qualitative design C. Multimethod design D. Experimental design

C. Multimethod design

A researcher conducts a study in which participants are asked to describe the lived experience of being a caregiver of a parent with Parkinson's disease. Which type of qualitative research does this represent? A. Constant comparison B. Ethnography C. Phenomenology D. Case study

C. Phenomenology

Which of the following types of studies is considered qualitative research? A. Delphi technique B. Cross-sectional design C. Phenomenology D. Survey

C. Phenomenology

Qualitative research examines which of the following characteristics of a phenomenon? A. Frequency B. Quantity C. Quality D. Distribution

C. Quality

A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population is known as which type of sample? A. Random sample B. Purposive sample C. Representative sample D. Probability sample

C. Representative sample

The data collected in mixed methods research and the emphasis given to each type of data should be determined by the ________ and goals of the study. A. Source of funding B. Preference of the research team C. Research problem D. Literature

C. Research problem

The research designs are merged within which sections of the report on the research project? A. Introduction, sampling, and problem identification B. Problem identification, data collection and analysis C. Sampling, data collection and analysis D. Introduction, data collection and analysis

C. Sampling, data collection and analysis

When is determination of an adequate sample size in qualitative research determined? A. A power analysis indicates the power of 0.70. B. The sample size is large enough to identify differences in groups C. Saturation and redundancy of data are achieved D. A sample size of 30 is obtained

C. Saturation and redundancy of data are achieved

The t test is used to: A. Adjust for initial differences within the groups B. Estimate the error of prediction C. Test whether two groups differ significantly D. Test whether more than two groups differ significantly

C. Test whether two groups differ significantly

A power analysis determined that a sample size of 196 would provide a power of 0.80 with an alpha less than 0.05. The study enrolled 202 subjects. Is the sample size adequate and why? A. No; the power achieved with a sample size of 196 is only 0.80. B. No; the sample size is inadequate to prevent a Type I error C. Yes; the sample size was supported by a power analysis D. Yes; 202 subjects were included, way more than the minimum of 30

C. Yes; the sample size was supported by a power analysis

In a study of nursing students' attitudes toward caring for patients with hypertension who are noncompliant with their medications, the researcher randomly selected a sample of nursing students from a list of all students enrolled in each of the five nursing programs that have been randomly selected from one state. Because the sample was randomly selected, to which population can the findings be generalized? A. Nursing students in the programs that were randomly selected B. Nursing students in the state from which the programs were randomly selected C. Nursing students in the united states D. All nursing students

D. All nursing students

Selection of the appropriate statistical technique is based on: A. The research question B. The level of measurement of the independent variable or variables C. The level of measurement of the dependent variable or variables D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following would be the strongest method for assigning 50 subjects to treatment and control groups in an experimental study? A. Group subjects according to attending physician B. List subjects alphabetically, divide the list in half, place the first 25 names in the treatment group, and the last 25 names in the control group C. Assign each participant a number, place even-numbered participants in the treatment group and odd-numbered participants in the control group D. Assign each participant a number, place the numbers in a box, and draw numbers from the box, alternating placement in either the treatment group or the control group.

D. Assign each participant a number, place the numbers in a box, and draw numbers from the box, alternating placement in either the treatment group or the control group.

The type of research conducted in a laboratory setting to advance the understanding of knowledge is: A. Translational research B. Patient-oriented research C. Population based research D. Basic research

D. Basic research

A researcher explores the phenomenon of how nurses make decisions about when to discuss end of life issues with clients. From this research, a model is developed to explain the decision making process. Which type of research does this represent? A. Grounded theory B. Ethnography C. Phenomenology D. Case study

D. Case study

What do impact statements within a logic model tend to address? A. Individuals B. Clients C. Action plan statements D. Communities

D. Communities

When writing up a research project, the researcher describes in detail how biases, assumptions, and personal perspectives were identified and set aside, or bracketed. Which criterion for reliability and validity was met? A. Credibility B. Transferability C. Dependability D. Confirmability

D. Confirmability

The researcher has elected to conduct a mixed methods research project. Within this project, the decision has been made to conduct the two types of data collection concurrently, with each type of data having equal weight within the analysis process. Based on these decisions, what must the researcher make sure is done for the reporting of the process? A. Establish a team to aid in the management of the study B. Reevaluate the decision, because quantitative research is the stronger method C. Ensure that confidentiality is maintained within the process D. Document the rationale for the decisions made within the process

D. Document the rationale for the decisions made within the process

Inferential statistics are used to decide if differences among treatment groups are due to the: A. Significance B. Dependent variable C. Confounding variable D. Independent variable

D. Independent variable

A nurse identified individuals who seem to comply better with a treatment plan when several different teaching methods are used within the discharge planning process. In developing a mixed methods design for researching which educational methods work best, a question concerning the type of data to be collected is confronted. Which of the following groups of data collection methods represents mixed methods format? A. Likert scale tool with demographic component B. Observation of teaching sessions with videotaping C. Focus group discussion with audiotaping D. Likert scale tool with focus group discussion

D. Likert scale tool with focus group discussion

A nurse wishes to explore attitudes of critical care nurses toward family presence during resuscitation. She selected for interview 10 nurses who favored family presence and 10 who did not. This is an example of which sampling method? A. Snowball sampling B. Convenience sampling C. Theoretical sampling D. Purposive sampling

D. Purposive sampling

Which of the following statements is true with regard to comparing qualitative and quantitative research methods? A. Qualitative studies seek to generalize findings B. Qualitative studies don't require evidence of reliability and validity C. Qualitative studies don't allow for the use of computerized data analysis D. Qualitative research is often inductive in nature, whereas quantitative research is deductive in nature.

D. Qualitative research is often inductive in nature, whereas quantitative research is deductive in nature.

What do statistically significant findings imply? A. The results are very important B. The results are not very important C. The results are likely due to chance differences among groups D. The results are likely due to real differences among groups

D. The results are likely due to real differences among groups