NURS346 Exam 1 Sherpath EAQs

A patient is hospitalized with symptoms of TB. The nurse recognizes that at least one of the sputum specimens for acid-fast bacilli needs to be obtained at which time of the day? - 6 am - 12 noon - 6 pm - 9 pm

- 6 am

When caring for a patient diagnosed with car pulmonate, which finding will the nurse expect? - Jaundice - Bradycardia - Ankle edema - concave abdomen

- Ankle edema

Which factors are possible triggers for asthma exacerbations? SATA: - Aspirin - Perfumes - Animal dander - Humid weather - GERD

- Aspirin - Perfumes - Animal dander -GERD

Which findings will the nurse expect when assessing a clinical patient with COPD? SATA: - Barrel chest on inspection - Egophony on auscultation - Dullness on percussion - wheezes on auscultation - Increased tactile remits on palpation

- Barrel chest on inspection - wheezes on auscultation

The nurse is providing discharge education for a patient with an infection who is prescribed antibiotic therapy. Which instructions does the nurse include? Select all that apply: - Stop taking the antibiotic when you feel better - Be sure to take your antibiotics as directed by the prescriber - If a family member has leftover antibiotics just use those to save money - Be sure to take all antibiotics prescribed even if you feel better - save any leftover antibiotics so you can take them anytime that you feel ill

- Be sure to take your antibiotics as directed by the prescriber - Be sure to take all antibiotics prescribed even if you feel better

Which parameter is most important to monitor for the patient who has been started on prednisone for an asthma exacerbation? - Appetite -Daily weight - Breath Sounds - Blood glucose

- Breath Sounds

For which type of infection would a postoperative patient who developed a fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea being on long-term antibiotics be evaluated? - wound infection - urinary infection - respiratory infection - C. Diff infection

- C. Diff infection

After the nurse has completed diet and nutrition teaching for a patient with COPD, which patient statements indicate effective learning? SATA: - I will need to stop drinking milk - I should avoid beans and cabbage - I can enjoy eating more cold foods and desserts - I will plan to drink at least one glass of water with each meal - I am glad I can have a PBJ sandwich at lunch every day

- I should avoid beans and cabbage - I can enjoy eating more cold foods and desserts - I am glad I can have a PBJ sandwich at lunch every day

After the nurse has completed teaching a patient with COPD how to conserve energy and improve nutrition, which patient statement indicates a need for further teaching? - I will plan to rest for half an hour before eating - I can snack on high calorie foods several times a day - I will perform deep breathing and coughing exercises before meals - I can use supplemental oxygen through a nasal cannula while eating

- I will perform deep breathing and coughing exercises before meals

Which patient statement indicates understanding of teaching about COPD? -I will get a dehumidifier to use at home - I will report any change in the color of my sputum - When I feel short of breath, I will increase my oxygen flow rate - The correct procedure for pursed-lip breathing is to inhale twice as long as I exhale

- I will report any change in the color of my sputum

A healthy 70 year old patient asks the nurse, "which types of vaccinations are recommended for people my age?" Which vaccinations should the nurse suggest? SATA - Influenza - Pneumonia - Memingococcal - Hib -MMR

- Influenza - Pneumonia

Which patient care goals are appropriate for a patient with COPD? SATA: - Relief of symptoms - improved quality of life - healing of damaged lung tissue - prevention of disease progression - ability to perform ADLs

- Relief of symptoms - improved quality of life - prevention of disease progression - ability to perform ADLs

When a patient hospitalized with COPD asks the nurse whether oxygen use will be needed at home, which response is best? - long term home oxygen therapy should be used to prevent respiratory failure - oxygen will not be needed until or unless you are in the terminal stages of this disease - long term home oxygen therapy should be used to prevent heart problems related to COPD - You will qualify for supplemental oxygen therapy if your resting oxygen saturation drops to 88%

- You will qualify for supplemental oxygen therapy if your resting oxygen saturation drops to 88%

Which of these is a clinical manifestation of early COPD? - dyspnea at rest - a chronic, intermittent cough - the presence of chest breathing - increased number of RBCs

- a chronic, intermittent cough

Which instruction should be included in teaching a patient with COPD how to self-administer ipratropium via a MDI? -avoid shaking the inhaler before use - breathe out slowly before positioning the inhaler - using a spacer should be avoided for this type of med - after taking a puff, hold the breath for 30 seconds before exhaling

- breathe out slowly before positioning the inhaler

Nursing assessment findings of jugular venous distention and pedal edema would be indicative of what complication of COPD? - pneumonia - polycythemia - cor pulmonale - acute respiratory failure

- cor pulmonale

Which patient statement about the use of ipratropium inhaler for COPD indicates a need for further teaching? - I can rinse my mouth following the two puffs to get rid of the bas taste - I should wait at least one to two minutes between each puff of the inhaler - Because this med is not fast acting, I cannot use it in an emergency if my breathing gets worse - if my breathing gets worse, I should keep taking extra puffs of the inhaler until I can breathe more easily

- if my breathing gets worse, I should keep taking extra puffs of the inhaler until I can breathe more easily

Which factor causes the clinical manifestations of COPD? - decrease in respiratory drive - inability to effectively expire air - enhanced elastic recoil of airways - diminished inflammatory response

- inability to effectively expire air

When the nurse is caring for a patient with COPD exacerbation who requires O2 administration, which assessment finding is of most concern? - bilateral rhonchi - increased lethargy - PaCO2 50 mm Hg - O2 saturation 92%

- increased lethargy

Which diagnostic findings will the nurse expect when caring for a patient who is experiencing worsening of asthma symptoms? SATA: - decrease in serum IgE - increase in O2 saturation - positive skin tests for allergens - serum and sputum eosinophilia - chest x ray indicating hyperinflation

- positive skin tests for allergens - serum and sputum eosinophilia - chest x ray indicating hyperinflation

Which description best characterizes COPD? - progressive persistent expiratory airflow limitation - airway obstruction due to increased mucus production - difficulty clearing secretions due to dilated bronchioles - variations in airflow over time with normal lung function in between

- progressive persistent expiratory airflow limitation

Which intervention should be included in the plan of care for a patient who has lost 30 lbs and has a nursing diagnosis of impaired nutritional status? - offer fruits and fruit juices between meals - suggest a high-calorie, high protein diet with 6 small meals a day - teach the patient to use frozen meals at home that can microwaved - provide a high calorie, high cab, nonirritating, frequent feeding diet

- suggest a high-calorie, high protein diet with 6 small meals a day

A patient with dyspnea and who is unable to speak clearly has a RR of 45 breaths/min, a pulse of 130 BPM, oxygen saturation of 90%, and neck vein distention. Which treatment would the nurse expect to incorporate into the plan of care? - administration of ipratropium orally - three puffs of albuterol every 30 mins - supplemental oxygen through nasal cannula - obtaining peak flow rate and monitoring the patient continuously

- supplemental oxygen through nasal cannula

The nurse anticipates a diagnosis of sinusitis for a patient who reports a headache, nasal congestion, and fever for the past three days as indicated bu which assessment findings? SATA: - Nosebleed - swollen turbinates - edematous mucosa - clear nasal discharge - tenderness over the sinuses

- swollen turbinates - edematous mucosa - tenderness over the sinuses

How is Breslow's measurement related to the prognosis of malignant melanoma? - the larger the tumor, the worse is the prognosis - the deeper the tumor, the worse is the prognosis - the darker the tumor the worse the prognosis -the greater the number of tumors the worse the prognosis

- the deeper the tumor, the worse is the prognosis

Which factor on the patient's healthy history is a known trigger of asthma attacks? -Age - nonsmoker - sedentary activity -GERD

-GERD

The nurse determines appropriate transmission-based precautions for several patients who are hospitalized with infections. A patient with which diagnosis requires droplet precautions? Select all that apply: - measles -influenza A - TB - C. Diff - bacterial meningitis

-influenza A - bacterial meningitis

Which classification of allergic rhinitis is consistent with symptoms that occur fewer than 4 days/week? - episodic - persistent -intermittent -acute viral

-intermittent

Which type of skin cancer has a higher risk for metastasis and poor prognosis unless it is tested early? - myeloma -melanoma - basal cell carcinoma - squamous cell carcinoma

-melanoma

Which task may the nurse delegate to UAP? - Discharge a patient - Measuring urine output - Administering oral meds - performing an initial assessment

- Measuring urine output

Which type of carcinogen is associated with melanomas, squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas? - viral -chemical - UV radiation - inherited genetic mutation

- UV radiation

Which treatment may increase restlessness and insomnia in a patient with COPD? - beta 2 agonists - anticholinergics - massage and postural drainage techniques - oxygen supplementation through a nasal mask

- beta 2 agonists

A patient with HIV is hospitalized. The patient's assessment findings include a CD4 count of 150 cells and a 12% loss of ideal body mass. What diagnosis does the nurse suspect? - Kaposi Sarcoma - Cytomegalovirus - PCP - AIDS

-AIDS

When teaching a patient with HIV about CD4 T cells which statement would the nurse include? - HIV produces CD4 T cells which will cause you to have more infections - HIV destroys your CD4 T cells and depletes your immune system - Your immune system is considered healthy when you have CD4 T cells - Immune problems begin when you have more than 500 CD4 T cells

- HIV destroys your CD4 T cells and depletes your immune system

Which question will the nurse ask when assessing the nutritional metabolic pattern of a patient with COPD? - Have you lost weight recently? - Do you have trouble getting to the toilet? - Does your breathing wake you up at night? - Do you have any pain associated with breathing?

- Have you lost weight recently?

The nurse is assessing a patient who is having an acute asthma attack. Which nursing intervention would be the priority for this patient? - humidifying the room - administering oral corticosteroids - administering an albuterol bronchodilator - placing the patient in the high-fowler's position

- administering an albuterol bronchodilator

Which patient may have the highest risk for developing malignant melanoma? - a fair-skinned woman who uses a tanning booth regularly - an African American patient with a family history of cancer - a patient who required phototherapy as an infant for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia - a hispanic male with a history of psoriasis and eczema who responded poorly to treatment

- a fair-skinned woman who uses a tanning booth regularly

Which statement about influenza is true? - the onset is insidious - generalized myalgia occurs - vomiting and diarrhea result - nuchal rigidity starts before headache

- generalized myalgia occurs

The nurse is providing care for a patient with a 5year history of HIV. Which assessment finding indicates an acute exacerbation of the disease? - a new onset of polycythemia - presence of mononucleosis-like symptoms - a sharp decrease in the patient's CD4 count - a sudden increase in the patient's WBC count

- a sharp decrease in the patient's CD4 count

Which routes of transmission and infective periods would the nurse share with the patient who is HIV positive and pregnant? Select all that apply: - HIV can be transmitted by breastfeeding - HIV can be transmitted by contact with vomitus -HIV can be transmitted by hugging and dry kissing - HIV can be transmitted lifelong once a person is HIV positive - HIV can be transmitted even before it is detected on a screening test

- HIV can be transmitted by breastfeeding - HIV can be transmitted lifelong once a person is HIV positive - HIV can be transmitted even before it is detected on a screening test

The nurse provides discharge education for a patient who receives a new prescription for an antibiotic. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? - I will not skip doses of the antibiotic - I will take the med until it is finished - I will stop taking the antibiotic when my symptoms are better - I will not share the antibiotic with other members of my family

- I will stop taking the antibiotic when my symptoms are better

Which inter professional treatment will the nurse anticipate being prescribed first for a patient who is seen in the ED for an asthma attack and has not improved after administration of albuterol? - fluticasone inhaler - salmeterol inhlaer - IV methylprednisolone - normal saline IV bolus

- IV methylprednisolone

Administration of the seasonal influenza vaccine would be contraindicated for the older adult with which conditions? - hypersensitivity to eggs - age greater than 80 years - history of upper respiratory infections - COPD

- hypersensitivity to eggs

A newly diagnoses patient with HIV inquires as to the requirements for development of AIDS. Which diagnostic criterion for AIDS would the nurse share with the patient? Select all that apply: - the presence of HIV antibodies - A CD4 count below 200 - the presence of an opportunistic infection - a white blood cell count below 5000 - presence of an opportunistic cancer - loss of 10% or more of ideal body mass

- A CD4 count below 200 - the presence of an opportunistic infection - presence of an opportunistic cancer - loss of 10% or more of ideal body mass

Which self-management measures would the nurse teach a patient with HIV to prevent developing a resistance to antibiotics and infections? Select all that apply: - Advise the patient to avoid skipping antibiotic doses -advise the patient to wash hands properly and regularly - advise the patient to save unfinished antibiotics for later use - advise the patient to avoid requesting an antibiotic for flu or colds - advise the patient to take antibiotics only until the patient feels better

- Advise the patient to avoid skipping antibiotic doses -advise the patient to wash hands properly and regularly - advise the patient to avoid requesting an antibiotic for flu or colds

A health care provider advises against prescribing an antibiotic to a patient with a severe cold, sore throat, and runny nose. The patient states, "I really think that an antibiotic would make me feel better soon." How does the nurse respond? - An antibiotic is ineffective against a cold or flu - Do you have any previously prescribed antibiotics at home? If so, you can take that. - your symptoms are not severe enough to treat with antibiotics - I will review a list of antibiotics; I will ask you HCP to prescribe one of them.

- An antibiotic is ineffective against a cold or flu

When monitoring the CD4 results of a patient with HIV infection, which CD4 count would prompt the nurse to monitor for clinical manifestations associated with immunity problems? - CD4 count is 1200 - CD4 count falls to 500 - CD4 count falls below 200 - CD4 count is greater than 500

- CD4 count falls to 500

Which opportunistic infections would the nurse monitor for clinical manifestations in the patient which AIDS? Select all that apply: - Legionnaires' disease - Candidiasis of bronchi - Ebola hemorrhagic fever - Toxoplasmosis of the brain -MAC complex

- Candidiasis of bronchi - Toxoplasmosis of the brain -MAC complex

Which assessment findings would the nurse recognize as diagnostic of AIDS in the patient diagnosed with HIV approximately 12 years ago? Select all that apply: - Typhoid fever - Hepatitis A Infection - Esophageal candidiasis - Pulmonary cryptococcosis -CD4 count less than 200 cells

- Esophageal candidiasis -CD4 count less than 200 cells

A patient with a 10 year history of regular (3 beers/week) alcohol consumption began taking rifampin to treat TB. During a follow-up visit one week after starting the med, the patient tells the nurse, "In the last week, my urine turned orange, and I am very worried about it." How does the nurse respond? - Inform that patient that it is one of the SE of the med - Recognize that the TB may have spread to the liver; further medical consultation is required - recognize that the liver may be damaged from alcohol consumption; a liver function test should be performed - instruct the patient to stop taking the med immediately and consult the HCP

- Inform that patient that it is one of the SE of the med

A patient's initial purified protein derivative skin test result is positive. A repeat skin test is also positive. No S/S of TB or allergies are evident. Which med therapy does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed? - Penicillin - Isoniazid - Theophylline - INH plus an antibiotic

- Isoniazid

Which cancers would the nurse discuss with the patient inquiring about the opportunistic carcinomas included in the diagnostic criteria for AIDS? Select all that apply: - Melanoma - Kaposi sarcoma - Burkett's lymphoma - Hodgkin's lymphoma - Invasive cervical cancer

- Kaposi sarcoma - Burkett's lymphoma - Invasive cervical cancer

Which disease condition is found more in fair-skinned patients that in patients with more pigmentation in their skin? - Keloids - Melanoma - Nevus of ota - Traction alopecia

- Melanoma

The school nurse will include which teaching to high school students to prevent transmission of influenza? SATA: - Obtain an influenza vaccine - stay at home when symptomatic drink non caffeinated fluids daily - obtain antibiotic therapy promptly - cover the nose and mouth when coughing

- Obtain an influenza vaccine - stay at home when symptomatic - cover the nose and mouth when coughing

The nurse recognizes that there is an increased number of patients that require inpatient care due to an antibiotic-resistant infection. Which actions by HCPs may have contributed to this problem? Select all that apply: - Prescribing antibiotics for viral infections - performing cultures prior to initiating antibiotic therapy - prescribing inadequate drug regimens to treat infections - prescribing antibiotics based on need rather than on patient insistence - prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics when only first-line antibiotics are needed

- Prescribing antibiotics for viral infections - prescribing inadequate drug regimens to treat infections - prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics when only first-line antibiotics are needed

Which information would the nurse provide the patient with HIV who asks about factors determining progression to AIDS? Select all that apply: - Progression of HIV can be assessed by your viral load - Your CD4 T cell count is one of several factors identified - changes in your RBC count identifies progression - Your IgM antibody levels identify progression of HIV to AIDS

- Progression of HIV can be assessed by your viral load - Your CD4 T cell count is one of several factors identified

When interpreting laboratory diagnostics, which statement would the nurse identify as pathophysiology for HIV? - The HIV infection can replicate outside a living cell - the virus replicates going from DNA to RNA - The immune system is impaired from CD4 T cell destruction - Infection of monocytes occur but antibodies quickly destroy these cells

- The immune system is impaired from CD4 T cell destruction

Which purpose statements would the nurse use to fully explain antiretroviral therapy recently prescribed for a patient with HIV? Select All that Apply: - ART is designed to cure HIV - ART will decrease the viral load in the blood - The goal is to stop the HIV disease from progressing - The meds prevent transmission of the HIV disease - Prescribed meds maintain or increase the CD4 cell counts - Therapy includes prevention of HIV related opportunistic infections

- The meds prevent transmission of the HIV disease - Prescribed meds maintain or increase the CD4 cell counts - Therapy includes prevention of HIV related opportunistic infections - ART will decrease the viral load in the blood

A patient with a history of HIV is scheduled to receive ART drugs. Which statement by the patient reflects a correct understanding of the purpose of the meds? - ART drugs can cure HIV - These drugs work by decreasing the viral load - ART drugs will prevent opportunistic infections - These drugs work only in the initial replication stage of the virus

- These drugs work by decreasing the viral load

The patient with HIV does not want to take more than one prescribed ART medication at a time. Which explanation would the nurse provide the patient regarding combination ART? - together the medications will cure your HIV - Viral replication will be inhibited through the use of the combinations - the combination meds will decrease your CD4 T cell count - the combination therapy will prevent interaction with your other meds

- Viral replication will be inhibited through the use of the combinations

Which patient may have the poorest prognosis? - A 60 year old diagnoses with nodular ulcerative basal cell carcinoma - a 59 year old man who is being treated for stage IV malignant melanoma - A 70 year old woman who has been diagnosed with late squamous cell carcinoma - a 51 year old woman whose biopsy has revealed superficial squamous cell carcinoma

- a 59 year old man who is being treated for stage IV malignant melanoma

The nurse collaborates with the health care team to arrange for home care for a patient with pulmonary TB. Of the family members who live with the patient, which one is at the greatest risk for contracting the disease? - a 15 year old child who has a history of asthma - a 25 year old daughter who is seven months pregnant - a 50 year old spouse who is 20 pounds overweight - a 75 year old parent who takes prednisone

- a 75 year old parent who takes prednisone

Which patient action when using albuterol and beclomethasone inhalers indicates a need for further teaching? - rinsing the mouth following use of the inhalers - administering the beclomethasone before the albuterol -administering the albuterol before the beclomethasone - administering the beclomethasone on a set schedule to prevent an asthma attack

- administering the beclomethasone before the albuterol

Which nursing activities are appropriate to delegate to the LPN/VN? Select all that apply: - administration of oral meds - assisting a stable patient with ambulation - assessment of a newly admitted patient - reassessing a patient with a BP of 190/104 - dressing change for a patient with an abdominal wound

- administration of oral meds - assisting a stable patient with ambulation - dressing change for a patient with an abdominal wound

A patient is admitted to a health care facility with a respiratory infection suspected to be caused by TB. Which infection precautions does the nurse initiate? - contact precautions - droplet precautions until the presence of TB is confirmed - airborne precautions - standard precautions only, until a diagnosis is made

- airborne precautions

Which inhaler would the nurse be prepared to administer to the patient at the onset of an asthma attack? - albuterol -fluticasone - salmeterol - tiotropium

- albuterol

A patient with asthma has a body temp of 102 and produces purulent sputum. The nurse anticipates incorporating which med into the plan of care? - a sedative - a mucolytic - an antibiotic - epinephrine

- an antibiotic

A patient presents to the ED with sudden-onset wheezing and coughing with progressive respiratory distress. Which condition would the nurse associate with the manifestations? - acute bronchitis - an asthma attack - pulmonary edema - congestive heart failure

- an asthma attack

While obtaining a health history for a patient with suspected TB, the nurse expects which early S/S of the disease? SATA: - anorexia - fatigue - dizziness - night sweats - chest tightness

- anorexia - fatigue - night sweats

The nurse is teaching a student nurse about treatment for sepsis. Which response by the student indicates a need for further teaching? - We should provide broad spectrum antibiotics - antibiotics should be administered in one hour - blood cultures must be drawn before the administration of antibiotics - antibiotics should be delayed until the causative organism is known

- antibiotics should be delayed until the causative organism is known

Which action will the nurse take to evaluate whether an asthmatic patient's prescribed ipratropium has been effective? - check effectiveness of cough - auscultate lugs for wheezing - obtain pulse and BP - ask about asthma attack frequency

- auscultate lugs for wheezing

The nurse is caring a patient with a diagnosis of active TB and anticipates that which item will be included in the patient's treatment plan? - use directly observed therapy only in the initial phase - administer drug therapy in three phases - initiate LFTs 14 days after the start of treatment - avoid alcohol because it increases the hepatotoxicity associated with isoniazid

- avoid alcohol because it increases the hepatotoxicity associated with isoniazid

Which patient statements indicate understanding of nursing instructions regarding skin care management? Select all that apply: - avoid extreme temperatures - apply moisturizers even at night - wash my hands and legs frequently with soap - change my position regularly while at rest - I will not use the foot lift of my recliner

- avoid extreme temperatures - apply moisturizers even at night - change my position regularly while at rest

When teaching a patient with asthma about ways to reduce the severity of asthma and asthma attacks, which measures would be included? SATA: - avoid food irritants - avoid animals with fur - identify personal triggers - go out in the cold air for a walk - use NSAIDs

- avoid food irritants - avoid animals with fur - identify personal triggers

The nurse assesses a patient with wheezing and dyspnea and determines that these symptoms are related to which pathophysiologic feature asthma? - laryngeal stridor - alveolar collapse - mucus production - bronchoconstriction

- bronchoconstriction

Chronic exposure to UV rays has which effects on the skin that increase the risk for skin cancer? Select all that apply: - increases blood flow to the skin - decreases the water content of the skin - causes an error in the skin's genetic code - causes degeneration of elastic fibers in skin tissue - decreases the skin's ability to repair cellular damage

- causes an error in the skin's genetic code - decreases the skin's ability to repair cellular damage

The registered nurse on a medical inpatient unit reviews the patient assignments. Which activities could the nurse delegate to UAP? Select all that apply: - check for postural changes in BP - make appropriate referrals to other HCPs - teach patients about lifestyle management and med use - report high or low BP readings to the RN - assess patients for HTN risk factors and develop risk modification plans

- check for postural changes in BP - report high or low BP readings to the RN

The nurse provides education to a patient with asthma about how to take medication through a metered dose inhaler. Which action performed by the patient indicates effective learning? - cleans the device with water - inhaled two puffs, two seconds apart - does not shake the med before taking it - breathes in rapidly while taking the med

- cleans the device with water

Which manifestations would the nurse identify with asthma? SATA: - cough - crackles - wheezing - chest tightness - pink, frothy sputum

- cough - wheezing - chest tightness

Which action should the nurse take when administering and reading a TB skin test? - ensure that the injection is given subcutaneously - do not use a pen around the test area to make the site - include the reddened flat areas on the skin when measuring the induration - draw a diagram of the forearm and hand and label the injection sites in the patient's chart

- draw a diagram of the forearm and hand and label the injection sites in the patient's chart

The nurse is assessing a patient who is hospitalized with suspected TB and expects which initial manifestations? SATA: - dry cough that becomes productive -dyspnea -malaise -hemoptysis -low- grade fever -unexplained weight loss

- dry cough that becomes productive -malaise -low- grade fever -unexplained weight loss

Which aspect of patient care can be delegated to the unlicensed assistive personnel on a medical unit? select all that apply: - planning nursing actions - helping the patients with bathing and hygiene - measuring and recording the patient's vital signs - evaluating a patient's orientation to time and place - providing patient education about the prevention of disease

- helping the patients with bathing and hygiene - measuring and recording the patient's vital signs

When a patient is experiencing an acute asthma attack, how will the nurse position the patient? - supine - lithotomy - high fowlers -reverse trendelenburg

- high fowlers

In accordance with healthy people 2020 goals, which strategies are directed toward preventing the transmission of HIV and early detection of those infected? select all that apply: - increased accessibility to HIV testing facilities - mandatory HIV testing as a routine part of HC - denial of sterile IV equipment to drug abusers - Inclusion of voluntary HIV testing in routine prenatal care - advocacy for safe sex practices, including use of condoms

- increased accessibility to HIV testing facilities - Inclusion of voluntary HIV testing in routine prenatal care - advocacy for safe sex practices, including use of condoms

The nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of asthma to a patient. Which is the most appropriate explanation? -an acid-base imbalance causes bronchoconstriction and edema of the airways - inflammation causes bronchoconstriction, hyperreactivity, and edema of the airways - inflammation causes bronchodilator, hyperactivity, and pressure of the airways - an immune response causes bronchodilator, hyperreactivity and edema of the airways

- inflammation causes bronchoconstriction, hyperreactivity, and edema of the airways

To prevent respiratory complications of COPD, which vaccines will the nurse plan to administer? SATA: - tetanus - influenza - herpes zoster - pneumococcal - Bacille Calmette-guerin

- influenza - pneumococcal

A child with nonproductive cough states, "I am having trouble breathing." Which action would the nurse take to reduce the severity of breathlessness in the child? - assist the child to lie in a supine position - instruct the child to bend forward slightly - suggest that the child walk for 30 minutes - instruct the child to take short, quick breaths

- instruct the child to bend forward slightly

A patient who has TB is being treated with combination drug therapy. The nurse explains that combination drug therapy is essential for which reason? - it minimizes the required dosage of each of the meds - it helps reduce the unpleasant side effects of the meds - is shortens the amount of time that the treatment regimen will be needed - it discourages the development of resistant strains of the TB organism

- it discourages the development of resistant strains of the TB organism

Which factor puts a light-skinned patient at a higher risk for skin cancer than a patient with darker skin? - less sun exposure - more sun exposure - less melanin content in the skin - greater melanin content in the skin

- less melanin content in the skin

Which treatment plan meds would the nurse be prepared to administer to a patient hospitalized with allergic rhinitis? SATA - antipruritics -antihistamines - epinephrine - mast cell stabilizers -corticosteroids

- mast cell stabilizers -corticosteroids -antihistamines

The nurse assesses the severity of asthma symptoms reported by a patient. Based on the information in the chart, at which level would the nurse classify the patient's asthma? - intermittent severity - mild persistent - moderate persistent - severe persistent

- mild persistent

The nurse anticipates which diagnosis for a patient exposed to animal dander who presents with a runny and itchy nose, sneezing, and nasal congestion? - sinusitis - influenza - perennial rhinitis - acute viral rhinitis

- perennial rhinitis

The nurse is educating a patient about ways to decrease the risk of antibiotic-resistant infection. Which instruction does the nurse include in the teaching? select all that apply: - perform frequent hand washing - follow directions as prescribed - complete the full course of antibiotics - request antibiotics for faster resolution of the flu - retain leftover antibiotics for future use as needed

- perform frequent hand washing - follow directions as prescribed - complete the full course of antibiotics

Which complications in a patient with COPD requires acute intervention? SATA: - atelectasis - pneumonia - cor pulmonale - mucoid impact - exacerbations

- pneumonia - cor pulmonale - exacerbations

How does the nurse correlate an asthma exacerbation with sinusitis? - postnasal drip in sinusitis can exacerbate asthma - the triggers are the same for asthma and sinusitis - the allergic reaction in sinusitis can trigger asthma - nasal congestion in sinusitis makes breathing difficult, triggering asthma

- postnasal drip in sinusitis can exacerbate asthma

The nurse delegating the task of bathing a stable patient to a UAP is following which of the five rights of delegation? Select all that apply: - right task - right person - right plan of care - right circumstance - right directions and communication

- right task - right person - right circumstance - right directions and communication

Which instruction will the nurse give to a patient who has a prescription for beclomethasone? - use this medication only PRN - rinse mouth thoroughly after each use - use the inhaler at the onset of an asthma attack - avoid use of a spacer to increase the amount of medication absorption

- rinse mouth thoroughly after each use

Which instructions would the nurse include when teaching preexposure prophylaxis to a group of adults at high risk of sexually acquired HIV infection? Select all that apply: - safe sex practices - Regular HIV testing - frequent hand washing - discreet use of antibiotics - risk reduction counseling

- safe sex practices - Regular HIV testing - risk reduction counseling

A patient with inability to breathe through his nose who is assessed to find swelling of the nasal mucosa blocking the opening of the Ostia may be experiencing which condition? - sinusitis - epistaxis - influenza - acute viral rhinitis

- sinusitis

Which intervention may improve gas exchange for a patient with COPD whose O2 saturation is 88%? - obtain an ABG - administer 6 L of oxygen via nasal cannula - sit the patient upright in a chair leaning slightly forward - place the patient in the prone position to increase postural drainage

- sit the patient upright in a chair leaning slightly forward

a patient with asthma develops nausea, vomiting, HA, tachycardia and dysrhythmias. The nurse would suspect which med as the cause of the symptoms? - albuterol - omalizumab - mometasone - theophylline

- theophylline

The nurse recognizes that airborne infection isolation for a patient with pulmonary TB can be discontinued when which criterion is met? - isoniazid drug therapy has been initiated - two consecutive negative x-ray results are confirmed - three consecutive AFB smears are negative - effective instruction on the use of a high-efficiency particulate air masks has been given

- three consecutive AFB smears are negative

When educating a patient about nonpharmacologic interventions to manage sinusitis, which instructions would the nurse include? SATA: - restrict fluid intake - use a steam inhaler - avoid exposure to smoke - sleep with your head elevated - apply a cold compress on your cheeks

- use a steam inhaler - avoid exposure to smoke - sleep with your head elevated

Which information would the nurse emphasize while teaching a patient ways to avoid exposure to hepatitis B infection? Select all that apply: - use disposable needles and syringes -avoid sharing toothbrushes and razors - avoid eating food prepared in unhygienic ways - avoid touching or coming in contact with people with hepatitis B - avoid unsafe sex with multiple partners and always use condoms

- use disposable needles and syringes -avoid sharing toothbrushes and razors - avoid unsafe sex with multiple partners and always use condoms

Which patient action may aggravate the acute sinusitis symptoms? - use of phenylephrine for five days - taking hot showers at least twice daily - applying warm, damp towels around the nose - keeping their pillow at a 45 degree angle while sleeping

- use of phenylephrine for five days

A nurse obtained a blood sample with a syringe and large-bore needle from a patient with chronic HIV and a CD4 T cell count of 123. Which factors may affect the transmission of HIV if the nurse sustained a needle stick from the contaminated needle? Select all that apply? - viral load of the patient - age of the injured nurse - age of the patient with HIV - immune status of the injured nurse - volume of blood exposed to nurse

- viral load of the patient - immune status of the injured nurse - volume of blood exposed to nurse

Which finding would indicate a need for asthma testing in a patient experiencing chest tightness and acute dyspnea after an afternoon of gardening? - rhonchi - wheezes - fine crackles - coarse crackles

- wheezes

After initial treatment of a patient with an acute asthma exacerbation, which finding indicates improvement in the patient's respiratory function? - wheezing becomes louder - cough remains nonproductive - vesicular breath sounds diminish - accessory muscle use increases

- wheezing becomes louder

The nurse is preparing a community education session related to the increased incidence of TB among the city's residents. The nurse identified that which populations are most at risk for the disease? SATA: - workers at a nearby prison - elderly adults who attend activities at a local senior center - adults who are homeless - children who attend a preschool three days a week - middle aged adults who live in the inner-city neighborhood - immigrants from an underdeveloped country who live in temporary housing in the city

- workers at a nearby prison - adults who are homeless - middle aged adults who live in the inner-city neighborhood - immigrants from an underdeveloped country who live in temporary housing in the city

When discussing HIV infection with a patient which statements would the nurse use? Select all that apply: -"Untreated HIV has a predictable pattern of progression" -" Late chronic HIV is called AIDS" -"Untreated HIV infection usually remains in the early chronic stage for one year or less" -"The interval between untreated HIV and a diagnosis of AIDS is about one year" -"Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a common infection associated with the symptomatic stage of HIV"

-"Untreated HIV has a predictable pattern of progression" -" Late chronic HIV is called AIDS" -"Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a common infection associated with the symptomatic stage of HIV"

A patient with AIDS has been on ART for four weeks. Which findings would the nurse associate with positive drug therapy outcomes? Select all that apply: - 80% drop in viral load -90% drop in viral load - CD4 T cell count above 14% - CD4 T cell count above 400 cells/nanoliter - 3 unit drop (99% reduction) in viral load on a log scale

-90% drop in viral load - CD4 T cell count above 14% - 3 unit drop (99% reduction) in viral load on a log scale

A patient with a recent history of 10% body mass loss and herpes simplex with chronic ulcers has a DC4 T cell count of less that 200 cells and is diagnosed with Burkitt's lymphoma. Which infection would the nurse associate these clinical manifestations? - Parvovirus - Varicella-zoster -Adenovirus -HIV

-HIV

In the early stages of HIV, which cells protect the human body from infections? - Platelets -T Cells - Red blood cells - Immunoglobulins

-T Cells

The nurse discusses emerging infections with a group of community leaders and includes which examples? Select all that apply? - Pertussis -TB -West nile virus -H1N1 - HIV

-West nile virus -H1N1 - HIV

When a patient is experiencing an asthma attack, which prescribed inhaler will the nurse have the patient use first? -albuterol - salmeterol - beclomethasone - ipratropium bromide

-albuterol

Which clinical manifestation would alert the nurse to an early manifestation of an exacerbation of asthma in a patient brought to the ED following an automobile accident? - anxiety - cyanosis - bradycardia - hypercapnia

-anxiety