nurse hub quizzes (science)

The function of the pyloric sphincter is to ______________. produce chyme control the entry of food into the duodenum release stomach enzymes prevent reflux of digestive juices into the esophagus

control the entry of food into the duodenum

Which of the following anatomical terms is correctly matched with its meaning? cervical/wrist cranial/skull inguinal/neck carpal/foot

cranial/skull

A decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood would result in __________________. increased blood viscosity increased oxygen-carrying capacity decreased oxygen-carrying capacity decreased blood pressure

decreased oxygen-carrying capacity

Which of the following correctly pairs an action with the nervous system that controls it? chewing/ autonomic digestion/ autonomic breathing/ somatic heart contraction/ somatic

digestion/ autonomic

One of the primary functions of blood is to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the body's tissues. This is accomplished by ________________, which contain the oxygen-carrying protein called ___________________. leukocytes; myoglobin erythrocytes; hemoglobin plasma; albumin platelets; hemoglobin

erythrocytes; hemoglobin

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange? Organ System Tissue Organ Organelle

Organ System

Of the following organs, which has both endocrine and digestive functions? Pancreas Duodenum Colon Gallbladder

Pancreas

Which of the following describes the contraction of the smooth muscle in order to move food down the esophagus to the stomach? Deglutition Mastication Peristalsis Pharyngeal constriction

Peristalsis

The _________________ is the blood vessel that carries oxygen depleted blood away from the heart.

Pulmonary Artery

Which of the following cell organelles is correctly paired with its function? Lysosomes/ ATP production Nucleus/ Intracellular digestion Mitochondria/ Cell division Ribosome/ Protein synthesis

Ribosome/ Protein synthesis

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of blood through the heart's primary chambers? right atrium, left atrium, aorta, and vena cava right ventricle, left ventricle, aorta, and vena cava right ventricle, right atrium, vena cava, and aorta right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle

The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the ________

small intestine

In the digestive system, the function of the ____________ is to ______________. stomach; secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion gall bladder; secrete lipase for fat emulsification liver; secrete insulin for glucose uptake. pancreas; secrete bile for starch digestion

stomach; secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion

Which of the following parts of the brain is responsible for posture, balance and movement coordination? Cerebrum Occipital lobe Cerebellum Temporal lobe

Cerebellum

Which of the following structures divide and multiply in cases of injury or disease? Axons Dendrites Cell bodies Glial cells

Glial cells (Good cells)

Which of the following disorders is caused by the degenerative demyelination of motor neurons resulting in dysfunction of voluntary muscles? Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Muscle sprain Muscle strain Muscular dystrophy

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

______________ is a condition in which red blood cells are poorly functioning and have reduced ability to carry oxygen. Anemia Hypokalemia Hypertension Leukemia

Anemia

Which of the following statements is true about protein digestion? The majority of mechanical protein digestion occurs in the stomach. The majority of protein absorption occurs in the large intestine. Chemical digestion of protein initially occurs in the mouth. Absorption of protein occurs primarily in the small intestine.

Absorption of protein occurs primarily in the small intestine.

Skeletal muscle contraction is stimulated by the release of which neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction? Epinephrine Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Dopamine

Acetylcholine

Which of the following arteries has the primary responsibility of supplying blood to the reproductive system? Common iliac artery Femoral artery Gonadal artery Inguinal artery

Gonadal artery (like the GOod stuff?)

Dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters in the nervous system. What happens when dopamine is released into the nerve synapse? Binding of dopamine to the membrane receptor of the postsynaptic cell Excitation and contraction of the presynaptic cell Dopamine will enter the cytoplasm of the postsynaptic cell Firing of an action potential by the presynaptic cell

Binding of dopamine to the membrane receptor of the postsynaptic cell

Which of the following describes the role of acetylcholine in muscle contraction? Acetylcholine binds to the membrane receptor and inhibits the stimulation and contraction of muscle fiber. Acetylcholine binds to the sarcolemma to open calcium channels. Binding of acetylcholine results in the repolarization of the sarcolemma. Acetylcholine binds to the membrane receptor in the sarcolemma and facilitates opening of the sodium channels.

Acetylcholine binds to the membrane receptor in the sarcolemma and facilitates opening of the sodium channels.

Which of the following is happening during a contraction of the diaphragm? A decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity Forced expiration A decrease in alveolar pressure An increase in alveolar pressure

A decrease in alveolar pressure

Using the provided image, choose the anatomical structure designated by letter J. Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein Superior Vena cava Aorta

Aorta

Which of the following lists the blood vessels in the order of blood flow from the left ventricle back to the heart at the right atrium? Arterioles, arteries, aorta, vena cava, veins, venules, capillaries Aorta, arterioles, arteries, capillaries, veins, venules, vena cava Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava Vena cava, veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries, aorta

Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava

Which of the following is not typically a result of an embolus (a blood clot that often forms in the lower extremities and travels to another location)? Atherosclerosis Myocardial infarction TIA Pulmonary embolism

Atherosclerosis

Which of the following is not part of the small intestine? Jejunum Ileum Duodenum Colon

Colon

Which of the types of tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the body? Muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Nerve tissue

Connective tissue

Which of the following is not a function of pulmonary surfactant? Increase in lung compliance Decrease in lung compliance Prevention of lung collapse Reduction of surface tension

Decrease in lung compliance

Which of the following describes what would happen during a period of hyperventilation? Decreased carbon dioxide levels result in an increase in pH Decreased carbon dioxide levels result in a decrease in pH Increased oxygen uptake results in greater tissue perfusion Increased carbon dioxide levels result in an increase in pH

Decreased carbon dioxide levels result in an increase in pH

______________ is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar membrane. Osmosis Diffusion Active transport Exocytosis

Diffusion

Which of the following organ systems is NOT correctly paired with its function? Respiratory/ breathing and gas exchange Circulatory/ transport of substance to all tissues of the body Nervous/ collecting, analyzing and integrating information that regulates intrinsic body conditions and maintains behavioral patterns Digestive/ provide defense against infectious diseases

Digestive/ provide defense against infectious diseases

Which of the following conditions would exhibit an increase in lung compliance? Asthma Bronchitis Lung cancer Emphysema

Emphysema

Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function? Gastrointestinal / transport substances to all tissues of the body Cardiovascular / providing the first layer of protection from outside pathogens Integumentary / obtaining nutrients necessary for growth, energy, and normal body processes Endocrine / regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling

Endocrine / regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling

Which of the following anatomical structures prevents food from entering the respiratory system? Larynx Pharynx Pleura Epiglottis

Epiglottis

Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities? Nerve tissue Muscle tissue Connective tissue Epithelial tissue

Epithelial tissue

The folds that make up the shape of the villi and microvilli: Facilitate absorption due to an increased surface area. Help push food along the intestinal tract. Create a barrier to block absorption of fats. Increase enzyme secretions due to greater surface area.

Facilitate absorption due to an increased surface area.

Which of the following is a heterotrophic organism with a genome stored in DNA? Algae Human Plants Virus

Human

Which of the following is not a function of pancreatic juice? Increase acidity of stomach contents Chemically digest carbohydrates Neutralize the pH of chyme Chemically digest proteins

Increase acidity of stomach contents

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for stimulating activities that would increase alertness during periods of stress and anxiety. Which of the following activities is not a sympathetic response? Increase in salivation Dilation of the pupils Increase in blood pressure Sweating

Increase in salivation

What is the role of the myelin sheath in the nervous system? Store ions for action potential propagation Insulate axons Transport organelles and macromolecules Produce neurotransmitters

Insulate axons

Which of the following describes cellular respiration? It is a reductive catabolic activity It is an oxidative anabolic activity It is an oxidative catabolic activity It is a reductive anabolic activity

It is an oxidative catabolic activity

Which of the following does not correctly describe a cell membrane? Fat soluble substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and alcohol can easily pass through the membrane. It is composed of a single layer of lipids interspersed with proteins. It is composed primarily of proteins and lipids. The phospholipid component has hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

It is composed of a single layer of lipids interspersed with proteins.

Which of the following is the correct order of structures from simple to most complex? Neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues, brain Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain Mitochondria, nerve tissues, neurons, brain Brain, neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues

Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain

Which of the following digestive organs contains vitamin-producing bacteria? Stomach Small intestine Liver Large intestine

Large intestine

Which of the following terms is alternatively called the "voice box"? Uvula Trachea Larynx Pharynx

Larynx

Using the provided image, choose the anatomical structure designated by letter B. Right ventricle Right atrium Left atrium Left ventricle

Left atrium

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell? Lysosomes Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum

Lysosomes

Which of the following organelles plays a vital role in the breaking down of macromolecules? Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Lysosomes

If villi in the small intestine were to become damaged, which of the following would likely occur? A reduced ability to breakdown fat due to the inability of villi to secrete bile. Segmentation of the stomach would be negatively affected leading to reduced digestion. Malnutrition would result due to a decreased ability to absorb nutrients. Gastric reflux disease would result due to the increased production of stomach acid.

Malnutrition would result due to a decreased ability to absorb nutrients.

Which of the following processes correctly describe the formation of new cells in order to replace worn-out and damaged cells during injury? Endocytosis Exocytosis Meiosis Mitosis

Mitosis

Which of the following structures is correctly paired with its function? Stomach- absorption of nutrients Small intestine- formation of feces Colon- formation of chyme Mouth- mechanical digestion

Mouth- mechanical digestion

Which of the following is correct about muscle contraction? Please select all that apply. Muscle contraction requires ATP. Neurotransmitters stimulate muscle contraction. Actin filaments shorten during contraction. Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other. Myosin filaments shorten during contraction. Sarcomere shorten during contraction.

Muscle contraction requires ATP. Neurotransmitters stimulate muscle contraction. Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other. Sarcomere shortens during contraction.

What is the correct sequence in which inhaled air passes through the respiratory tract? Larynx Bronchi Pharynx Trachea Bronchioles Nasal cavity

Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles

Which organelle is responsible for storing DNA? Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Lysosomes Golgi Apparatus

Nucleus

Osteoblasts are specialized cells that secrete the protein collagen and other substances necessary for bone formation. Which of the following organelles is more likely to be predominant in osteoblasts? Mitochondria Ribosomes Lysosomes Nucleus

Ribosomes

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that divides the body into left and right? Sagittal Transverse Horizontal Coronal

Sagittal

Which of the following is the basic contractile unit of the skeletal muscle? Sarcolemma Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Sarcomere Z-disc

Sarcomere

Which of the following incorrectly describes neurons? Motor neurons carry efferent impulses. Sensory neurons carry information away from the brain. Sensory neurons carry afferent impulses. Motor neurons cause muscle contractions.

Sensory neurons carry information away from the brain.

Which of the following is the largest organ of the human body? Lung Kidney Skin Pancreas

Skin

Transecting injuries to the spinal cord will have detrimental effect to which of the following? Somatic system Brain and spinal cord Autonomic system Somatic and autonomic systems

Somatic and autonomic systems

Which of the following conditions occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked? Migraine Stroke Aneurysm Myocardial infarction

Stroke

The head is _________ to the neck. Inferior Superior Proximal Superficial

Superior

Which of the following substances is produced by the lung for the purpose of reducing surface tension? Sodium bicarbonate Oxidase Carbon dioxide Surfactant

Surfactant

Which of the following describes the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum? Synthesis and transport of proteins Facilitates movement of substance in and out of the cell Conversion of nutrients to ATP Intracellular digestion of damaged structures, macromolecules, and bacteria

Synthesis and transport of proteins

Blood pressure is recorded as two numbers, for example 110/70. The top number (110) represents ___________ blood pressure which is ____________________________. Systole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is filling Diastole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is ejecting blood Systole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is ejecting blood Diastole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is filling

Systole; the pressure in the blood vessels while the heart is ejecting blood

Which of the following refers to the process of nerve stimulation wherein the action potential is generated through several stimulations released in rapid succession by a single source? Continuous conduction Spatial summation Temporal summation Saltatory conduction

Temporal summation

In order for the heart to contract, an action potential must be generated at the sinoatrial node. If this signal fails to reach the Purkinje fibers, what will be the result? The diastolic period will be shortened The systolic period will be elongated The Purkinje fibers will act as pacemaker cells but fire at a slower rate The ventricles will not contract and blood will pool within the heart

The Purkinje fibers will act as pacemaker cells but fire at a slower rate

Which of the following best describes the mechanical process of normal breathing during expiration? The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles relax and move the ribs downward. The diaphragm contracts and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles relax and contract upward. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles contract and move the ribs upward. The diaphragm relaxes and moves downward, while the intercostal muscles relax and move the ribs downward.

The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, while the intercostal muscles relax and move the ribs downward.

Which of the following statements regarding digestion is false? Villi and microvilli increase surface area for absorption. The presence of fiber in the esophagus promotes peristalsis. The pancreas secretes the hormone insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. The hormone glucagon is secreted from the pancreas and stimulates mechanical digestion.

The hormone glucagon is secreted from the pancreas and stimulates mechanical digestion.

Which of the following is not true about the lymphatic system? The lymphatic system includes the spleen, thymus, and tonsils. The lymphatic system transports both white blood cells and red blood cells. The lymphatic system transports a fluid called lymph throughout the body. The lymphatic system facilitates the filtering of fluid at the lymph nodes.

The lymphatic system transports both white blood cells and red blood cells. (it does NOT transport red blood cells)

Which of the following describes the volume of air associated with a normal breath? Residual volume Tidal volume Inspiratory reserve volume Total lung capacity

Tidal volume

Which of the following lists the respiratory passageways in order from largest diameter to smallest diameter? Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles Trachea, bronchioles, bronchi Bronchi, trachea, bronchioles Bronchioles, bronchi, trachea

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Which of the following steps of protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus? Elongation Replication Transcription to mRNA Translation to amino acid

Transcription to mRNA

Which of the following lists the heart's primary valves in the order in which blood passes through them? Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve, bicuspid, aortic semilunar valve Tricuspid, aortic semilunar valve, bicuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve Bicuspid, tricuspid, aortic semilunar valve, pulmonary semilunar valve Tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic semilunar valve, pulmonary semilunar valve

Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve, bicuspid, aortic semilunar valve

Which of the following correctly describes anatomical position? Upright, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly Seated, arms at sides, palms facing posteriorly Prone, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly Supine, arms at sides, palms facing posteriorly

Upright, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly

Which of the following comparisons between arteries and veins is true? Veins carry freshly oxygenated blood from tissue back to the heart, while arteries carry oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart. Veins have thick, muscular walls, while arteries have thin, more compliant walls. Veins have valves, and arteries do not. Veins have a smaller diameter than arteries.

Veins have valves, and arteries do not.

Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into the right atrium? Vena cava Aorta Coronary artery Brachial artery

Vena cava

Which of the following terms correctly describes the movement of air in and out of the lungs? Respiration Ventilation Oxidation Diffusion

Ventilation

Which of the following is not located on the anterior region of the human body? Vertebral column Mandible Sternum Clavicle

Vertebral column

A lung with a low level of compliance could be best described as _____________. a stiff lung requiring extra work to accomplish normal breathing. a highly elastic lung allowing breathing to occur with reduced work. A lung with a high elasticity but with damaged alveoli. a lung with normal function.

a stiff lung requiring extra work to accomplish normal breathing

Which of the following functional types of nerves is correctly paired with the impulse it carries? efferent / carry stimulus away from the peripheral nervous system. afferent/ motor nerves efferent/ sensory nerves afferent/ carry stimulus towards the central nervous system

afferent/ carry stimulus towards the central nervous system

Voluntarily holding your breath will eventually result in: temporary unconsciousness and risk of stroke. an innate reflex to start breathing due to low oxygen levels. brain damage or death due to lack of oxygen. an innate reflex to start breathing due to increased carbon dioxide levels.

an innate reflex to start breathing due to increased carbon dioxide levels.

The ______________ is an extension off of the large intestine that is often referred to as a vestigial organ. appendix gall bladder cecum spleen

appendix

The condition ________________ can often lead to ________________ due to buildup and blockage of coronary arteries, preventing blood flow to the myocardium. arteriosclerosis; stroke atherosclerosis; stroke atherosclerosis; myocardial infarction arteriosclerosis; myocardial infarction

atherosclerosis; myocardial infarction

Which of the following parts and divisions of the nervous system is correctly paired? autonomic division/ peripheral nervous system autonomic division/ central nervous system spinal cord/ peripheral nervous system brain/ peripheral nervous system

autonomic division/ peripheral nervous system

Which of the following parts of neurons is correctly paired with its function? dendrites/ site of metabolic activities axon terminal / receives stimulus from cell body cell body/ releases neurotransmitters axon / sends stimulus to axon terminal

axon / sends stimulus to axon terminal

The primary function of _____________ is _____________________. Amylase; fat breakdown in the stomach Chyme; carbohydrate breakdown in the mouth bile; fat emulsification in the small intestine Saliva; protein breakdown in the mouth

bile; fat emulsification in the small intestine

Which of the following types of muscles are involuntary? cardiac and skeletal cardiac and visceral skeletal and visceral skeletal only

cardiac and visceral

The primary function of the ________________ is to deliver blood to the brain. aorta brachial artery subclavian artery carotid artery

carotid artery

In the respiratory system, the majority of gas exchange takes place ___________________. in the bronchioles in the bronchi in the alveoli in the trachea

in the alveoli

Gas exchange between the blood and alveoli would be enhanced by ______________, but impeded by __________________. increased alveolar surface area; increased membrane thickness decreased respiratory rate; increased tidal volume increased tidal volume; decreased membrane thickness decreased membrane thickness; increased alveolar surface area

increased alveolar surface area; increased membrane thickness

In order for blood to be delivered to the body (i.e. the systemic circuit), enough pressure must be developed by the ___________ to push open the ________________. left ventricle; pulmonary semilunar valve right ventricle; pulmonary semilunar valve right ventricle; aortic semilunar valve left ventricle; aortic semilunar valve

left ventricle; aortic semilunar valve

In the digestive system, bile is manufactured by the ______________ and stored in the ______________. stomach; gallbladder gallbladder; liver gallbladder; stomach liver; gallbladder

liver; gallbladder

Gastric reflux occurs as a result of an improper closing of the ________________. epiglottis Upper esophageal sphincter lower esophageal sphincter pyloric sphincter

lower esophageal sphincter

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above? lysosomes mitochondria Golgi ribosomes

lysosomes

The term _________________ refers to the contraction of smooth muscle in the digestive system that moves food along the GI tract. segmentation retroperistalsis vasoconstriction peristalsis

peristalsis

The ______________ is a double layered membrane that lines the lungs. alveolus pericardium pleural cavity pleura

pleura

Diastole is the term that describes _________, while systole represents_____________. relaxing and filling; contraction and ejection contraction and ejection; relaxing and filling contraction and filling; relaxing and ejection receiving of the electrical impulse from the SA node; ventricular contraction

relaxing and filling; contraction and ejection