Nursing Research quiz 1-5

false

age at death is an example of a positively skewed attribute

true

an operational definition specifies the procedures and tools required for mreasurement of a concept

unless a measure is reliable it cannot be valid

which of the following is true about the relationship between reliability and validity?

pearson's correlation

indicate which of the following tests likely would be used in this study situation: Pojanowski tested the significance of the relationship between scores on a functional ability scale and a cognitive performance scale in nursing home residents.

chi-squared test

indicate which of the following tests likely would be used in this study situation: Tucker tested the difference in the proportion of smokers versus nonsmokers who had ever tried an illegal drug.

independent groups t-test

indicate which of the following tests likely would be used in this study situation: chase tested the difference in the mean birth weights of infants whose mothers either had or had not participated in a special prenatal education program.

chi-squared test

indicate which of the following tests likely would be used in thsi study situation: Messina compared the percentage of patients who had a fall in two hospital units, one of which had implemented a new patient safety protocol.

snowball sampling

methods for random sampling can include all the following except:

true

one component of a research problem statement entails a description of the scope of the problem

false

parametric tests make no assumptions about the shape of the distribution in the population

research hypothesis

patients who haev had diabetes for longer periods of time (10+) years will be more likely to report symptoms of acute coronary syndrome than patients with diabetes for shorter periods. This is an example of:

power analysis

quantitiative researchers estimate how large a sample they need through which procedure?

false

researchers use descriptive statistics to draw conclusions about population variables.

number of patients who drop out of a study

sample attrition would be reflected by the:

selection of a subset of population to represent the whole population

sampling in research may be defined as:

IV: nurse-led smoking cessation program DV: smoking cessation

what is the independent and dependent variable in this example? Smokers who participate in a nurse-led smoking cessation program will be as likely to smoke 2 months later as smokers who do not participate

ordinal

what level of measurement does this scale represent? 1. less than 10,000 2. 10,001 to 25,000 3. 25,001 to 40,000 4. greater than 40,000

nominal

when renewing a nursing license, nurses are asked to indicate their area of specialization. This datum is measured on which scale?

is not useful in situations where hte variable is dynamic and changing

which is true about test-retest reliability?

interval

which level of measurement is indicated when referring to a temperature of 70 F

characteristics of the sample may affect the validity of a tool for use in a particular study

which of the following is true about hte validity of a measure?

a small sample may be sufficient if the intervention effect size is large

which of the following is true when estimating sample size needs in a quantitaive study?

ratio

which of the following scales has an absolute zero point?

weight

which uses the higher level of measurement: temperature in Fahrenheit degrees or weight in kilograms.

nominal

the lowest level of measurement is:

true

in multiple regression, the outcome variable is measured on an interval or ratio scale.

false

in the PICO acronym, the O component of clinical questions stands for observation

nominal

A research collecting ethinic data assigns the following numerical labels: 1. equals caucasian 2. equals african american american 3. equals mexican american 4. equals asian this is an example of which type of data?

true

in the following statement, the results are not statistically significant at conventional levels: (r=.12, df= 33, p> .05).

internal consistency

Cronbach's alpha is used in tool development to determine

exclusive

Which is the problem with the following example? Age: under 18 18 - 25 25-40 40-65 over 65 the categories are not:

can take different forms, but random selection is always used

Which of the following is true about probability sampling? Probability sampling:

IV: having diabetes for shorter or longer periods of time DV: symptoms of acute coronary syndrome

What is the independent and dependent variable in this example? Patients who have had diabetes for longer periods of time (10+ years) will be more likely ro report symptoms of acute coronary syndrome than patients with diabetes for shorter periods.

ANOVA

indicate which of the following tests likely would be used in this study situation: Hutchings compared mean preoperative anxiety levels in three groups of patients with different types of cancer.

ratio

a blood hemoglobin measurement of 13.5 g / 100 mL would be which level of measurement?

reliability

a correlation coefficient is used in tool development to determine:

true

a frequency distribution is a systematic arrangement of scores that shows the number of times each score occurred

true

a key step in an individual EBP effort is to integrate appraised research evidence with expertise and local contextual information.

convience sampling

a person is shopping in the mall and is approached by individuals who identify themselves as researchers for a local food chain; they ask the person to participate in their study by answering a few questions. As a subject for this survey, the person was selected by which method of sampling?

target population

a researcher is interested in studying lifestyle management in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The researcher contacts the Chron's and Colitis Foundation of America to determine how to best access this patient population. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease an example of which of the following?

ratio

a researcher studying time and motion measures how long it takes the nurse to do a particular task. The time is recorded in minutes for comparison with other subjects. This is an example of which type of measurement?

false

a researcher would test the difference between the means of three groups of patients using a t-test.

true

a statistically significant finding means that the obtained results are not likely to have been due to chance

true

a t-test can be used to test mean differences for two independent groups (e.g. men vs women) or for a single group at two points in time

false

two sets of data with identical means would likely have the same standard deviation

reliability

consistency is associated with:

ordinal

data characteristics that can be ranked are measured on which scale?

research question

does the physical health of older incarcerated men improve or deteriorate during the course of their imprisonment? This is an example of:

method

identify which section of the article this sentence was from: the approach used to explore the patient's experiences of living with end-stage renal disease was phenomenological, using the methods described by Colaizzi.

true

in a study of the effectiveness of massage in reducing the pain of oncology patients, the researcher is investigaing a causal relationship

true

in logistic regression, the outcome variable is measured on the nominal scale.

results

identify which section of the article this sentence was from: Children of parents in a special weight management program were significantly less likely to be obese at the end of the study period than children whose parents were not in the program (x2=5.41, p =.02)

introduction

identify which section of the article this sentence was from: the purpose of this study was to explore the complex communication needs of hospitalized patients with cerebral palsy

discussion

identify which section of the article this sentence was from: the research team's inability to recruit a sufficiently large sample may have contributed to the ambiguous pattern of findings in this study.

true

in multiple regression, independent variables are often called predictor variables

null hypothesis

smokers who participate in a nurse-led smoking cessation program will be as likely to smoke 2 months later as smokers who do not participate. This is an example of:

sample

subjects who participate in a study of patients with inflammatory bowel disease are described as the:

representativeness of the population

the adequacy of a sample would be primarily based on which of the following criteria?

equivalence

the aspect of reliability for which inter-rater reliability is appropriate is:

measurement error

the difference between the observed score and what exists in reality (true score) is called:

null hypothesis

the quality of life of people with chronic hepatitis C will be the same as that of people without chronic hepatitis C; this is an example of:

true

the relationship between diastolic and systolic blood pressure is an example of an associative relationship.

ordinal

the researcher records the weight of subjects in a study as: 1. normal for height 2. overweight for height 3. underweight for height. a nominal level of measure is used. which of the following levels of measurement could also be used?

true

the standard deviation is a measure that tells how spread out scores are in a distribution

true

the standard deviation represents the average of the deviations from the mean

purpose statment

the study aimed to explore the experience of living with the stigma of being a suicide survivor; this is an example of:

false

this is an example of a negative correlation: as daily sodium intake increased, blood pressure readings got higher.