nut quiz 5

The principal function of dietary carbohydrate is to provide ________. bulk in the diet structural material sweetness in foods energy

energy

The body is capable of making glucose from non-carbohydrate nutrients, such as protein, by a process referred to as ________. glycogenesis glycolysis gluconeogenesis ketosis

gluconeogenesis

The human brain and other nerve tissues use mostly _________________ as fuel. fructose protein ethanol glucose

glucose

While _________ suppresses gluconeogenesis, ____________ increases glycogen breakdown. glucagon; insulin insulin; glucagon insulin; glucose cortisol; glucagon

insulin; glucagon

The principal sugar found in milk is ________. sucrose lactose dextrose maltose

lactose

If no glucose is available from dietary carbohydrate, glucose in the blood may be derived from ________. muscle glycogen and liver glycogen triglyceride breakdown muscle glycogen and fatty acids sugar alcohols

muscle glycogen and liver glycogen

Insulin is made in the ________. gallbladder pancreas liver small intestine

pancreas

Once absorbed, the majority of glucose is transported to ________. muscle tissue the liver the pancreas brain cells

the liver

The most common type of diabetes mellitus is ________. type 1 diabetes type 2 diabetes gestational diabetes

type 2 diabetes

Normal blood glucose levels range between ________. 40 and 70 mg/dL 70 and 100 mg/dL 125 and 140 mg per 100 ml 200 and 300 mg/dL

70 and 100 mg/dL

An increased fiber intake within recommended guidelines may ________. decrease risk of diabetes lower blood lipid levels decrease risk of certain cancers All of these choices are correct

All of these choices are correct

Ketosis may result from ________. starvation a diet of less than 50-100 grams of carbohydrate per day untreated diabetes mellitus All of these choices are correct

All of these choices are correct

Usual symptoms of diabetes mellitus include ________. weight change excessive thirst and urination blurred vision All of these choices are correct

All of these choices are correct

Why is excess sugar consumption discouraged? It may cause dental caries. It may cause weight gain. It lacks dietary fiber. All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

The focus on low-glycemic load foods can aid in the control of diabetes. True False

True

Glucose, galactose, and fructose ________. are disaccharides are soluble fibers are monosaccharides are polysaccharides

are monosaccharides

A person diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid products containing ________. saccharin aspartame lactose sucrose

aspartame

The energy value of dietary carbohydrates is _____ kcal per gram. 4 7 9 15

4

Of the total day's energy intake, most dietary guidelines recommend that carbohydrates provide _____________ of energy. 10-15% 20-35% 45-65% 70-75%

45-65%

The AI for fiber for women is ________. 15 g/day 25 g/day 38 g/day 45 g/day

25 g/day

Which of the following combinations of foods would provide the most dietary fiber? Kidney bean salad, turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, fresh apple, milk. Ham sandwich on white bread, potato chips, iced tea. Roast beef, mashed potatoes, coffee with sugar. Cheeseburger (white bun, lettuce, mustard, catsup, slice of tomato, 3 oz ground beef, processed cheese slice), french fries, soft drink.

Kidney bean salad, turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, fresh apple, milk.

Low blood glucose is called ____________, whereas high blood glucose is called ____________. hypoglycemia; hyperglycemia metabolic syndrome; hyperglycemia hypoglycemia; polydipsia hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia

hypoglycemia; hyperglycemia

When increasing fiber intake, always ________. take a fiber supplement increase fluids use simple carbohydrates increase protein intake also

increase fluids

The best type of fiber to eat for reducing constipation is ________. glycogen crude fiber soluble fiber insoluble fiber

insoluble fiber