NUTR 4349 FOOD INSECURITY

What are the trends in food insecurity and how many people participate in food assistance programs in the U.S.?

About 45.3 million people (14.5%)

What is food recovery?

Activities such as salvaging perishable produce from grocery stores, rescuing surplus prepared food from restaurants and caterers, and collecting nonperishable food from manufacturers, supermarkets, or people's homes. The items recovered are donated to hungry people.

Why is food insecurity a problem?

Because the healthy quantity and quality of foods are not met which means the person is not healthy.

CACFP

Child and Adult Care Food Program USDA, FNS Purpose(s): Improve the quality and affordability of daycare for low-income families by providing nutritious meals and snacks to children (up to age 12) and to adults (60+) who receive care in nonresidential adult daycare centers, providing meals to children residing in homeless shelters, and providing snacks and suppers to youth participating in eligible after-school care programs. Cash reimbursement for meals served that meet federal nutritional guidelines and reimbursement of associated administrative costs. Participant eligibility standards for free and reduced-price meals are the same as the NSLP

What private food assistance programs exist (not funded or run by the government)?

Feeding America

What is the Thrifty Food Plan?

For people on a tight budget based on matching current average consumption with energy and nutrient MYPLATE serving Used for a short period of time Serves as a food guide for a nutritious diet at a minimal cost, is used as the basis for SNAP allotments, and is maintained by the USDA's Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion.

Who is eligible for SNAP? How does it work?

Gross income less than 130% poverty guideline Net income <100% poverty guideline Benefits are now issued in the form of electronic benefits on a debit card—known as the EBT card (electronic benefits transfer card) EBT card acts to transfer funds from a SNAP recipient's account to a food retailer's account

What could improve diet quality in SNAP participants?

Healthy foods combined with limiting certain foods from eligibility Preordering food baskets Allowing snap participant to choose when snap benefits arrive Provide suggested budget for snap benefits Low-cost dishes with visual graphics for recommended portion sizes

What is the food insecurity - obesity paradox?

High levels of food insecurity = high levels of obesity

Meals On Wheels

Is the leadership organization supporting the more than 5,000 community-based programs across the country that are dedicated to addressing senior isolation and hunger. Their mission is to empower local community programs to improve the health and quality of life of the seniors they serve so that no one is left hungry or isolated.

How do we classify food insecurity?

Limited or uncertain ability to acquire or consume an adequate quality or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways (e.g., not knowing where one's next meal is coming from constitutes food insecurity).

What factors contribute to the food insecurity - obesity paradox?

Limited resources/access to healthy foods Cycles of food deprivation/overeating Increase levels of stress, anxiety, depression Increase physical inactivity Exposure to marketing of obesity promoting products Limited access to healthcare

What are the food assistance programs?

NSIP- nutritional services incentive program SNAP supplemental nutritional assistance program MEALS ON WHEELS CSFP commodity supplemental food program EFAP emergency food assistance programs WIC women infant children CACFP child and adult care food program SBP school breakfast program NSLP national school lunch program FFVP fresh fruits and vegetables program FDIP food diversity innovation program AFTER SCHOOL SNACK PROGRAM FARMERS MARKET PROGRAM SFSP summer food service program

NSIP

Nutrition Services Incentive Program Provides grant funding to state, territories and eligible tribal organizations that is used to purchase food may not be used to pay for other nutrition-related services or for state or local administrative costs HHS's Administration on Aging 1. People 60 years of age or over and their spouses (or a younger age in tribes that define "older" adults differently). 2. Disabled people under age 60 who live in older adult housing facilities where congregate meals are served 3. Disabled persons who reside at home and accompany older adult participants to meals 4. Volunteers who assist in the meal service may also receive meals through NSIP

Who is the food insecure?

Poor/working poor Young/older adults Many farmers Certain southern/western states Ethnic minorities Inner city/rural dwellers homeless

How do we officially measure poverty?

Poverty threshold/guideline

What is a PPFP?

Prepared and perishable food programs helps feed people in need by linking sources of unused & unserved cooked and fresh food—such as caterers, restaurants, hotel kitchens, and cafeterias—with social service agencies that serve meals to people who would otherwise go hungry.

What is TANF?

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families States determine the eligibility of needy families and the benefits and services those families will receive. The welfare reform law allows states greater flexibility in creating opportunities for job training and economic security for households with low incomes. Single women with children are a major target group for job placement and training.

What is gleaning?

The harvesting of excess food from farms, orchards, and packing houses to feed the hungry.

Summer Food Service program

USDA, FNS Purpose(s): Ensure that children in lower- income areas continue to receive nutritious meals during long school vacations, when they do not have access to school lunch or breakfast. All meals are served free to eligible children. Approved sponsors receive reimbursement for serving meals that meet federal nutritional guidelines, payments are received through state agencies, based on the number of meals served and documented costs of running the program. Types of sites served include areas/ programs with most children eligible for free and reduced-price school meals, residential or day camps, migrant worker communities, and National Youth Sports Programs. All children 18 years of age or younger who come to an approved open site or to an eligible enrolled site may receive meals. At camps, only children who are eligible for free and reduced- price school meals may receive SFSP meals. People over age 18 who are enrolled in school programs for persons with disabilities may also receive meals.

FFVP - fresh fruits and vegetables program

USDA, FNS Introduce children to fresh fruits and vegetables. The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 authorized the pilot program, and the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (Farm Bill) amended the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act by adding the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program, allowing for nationwide expansion of the program. Provides fresh and dried fruits and fresh vegetables free to children nationwide in selected schools in 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

SBP- School Breakfast Program

USDA, FNS Purpose(s): Assist states in providing nutritious breakfasts to children. Free and reduced-price meals must be offered to eligible children. Schools and institutions receive cash subsidies for each meal served. (Meals must meet federal requirement Public and nonprofit private schools and residential childcare institutions may participate. Operates in the same manner as NSLP

NSLP- National School Lunch Program

USDA, FNS Purpose(s): Assist states in providing nutritious free or reduced-price lunches to eligible children. Schools receive cash subsidies and USDA commodities for each meal served. (Meals must meet federal requirements) Public or nonprofit private schools of high school grade or under and public or nonprofit private residential childcare institutions may participate. Eligibility standards for children: All students attending schools where the program is provided may participate. Children from households with incomes at or below 130% of poverty guidelines are eligible for free meals. Children from households with incomes between 130 and 185% of the poverty guidelines are eligible for reduced-price meals. Children from households with incomes over 185% of the poverty guidelines pay full price, a price set by the school

Commodity Supplement Food Program

USDA, FNS Purpose(s): Improve the health and nutrition status of low-income pregnant and breastfeeding women, other new mothers up to one year postpartum, infants, children up to age six, and older adults at least 60 years of age by supplementing their diets with nutritious USDA commodity foods. Provides food and administrative funds to states.

Farmers Market Programs

USDA, FNS Purpose(s): Provide fresh, unprepared, locally grown fruits and vegetables to WIC recipients and expand the awareness, use of, and sales at farmers' markets. FMNP coupons to purchase a variety of fresh, nutritious, unprepared, locally grown fruits, vegetables, and herbs. (Each state agency develops a list of the fresh fruits, vegetables, and herbs eligible for purchase.) Eligibility is the same as WIC, but infants must be over four months of age (not operated in all states, territories, or tribal organizations

WIC -Women, infant, children

USDA, FNS Purpose(s): Safeguard the health of low- income women, infants, and children up to age 5 who are at nutritional risk by providing nutritious foods to supplement diets, information on healthy eating, and referrals to health care. Provides nutritious foods to supplement diets, nutrition education and counseling, and screening/referrals to other health, welfare, and social services. if they meet an income standard (gross income at or below 185% of the poverty guidelines Pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum women, infants up to one year of age, and children up to five years of age are eligible if they are individually determined by a qualified health professional to need the special supplemental foods provided by the program because they are nutritionally at risk (having a medical-based or dietary-based condition),

Emergency Food Assistance Programs

USDA, FNS Purpose(s): Supplement the diets of low- income needy persons, including older adults, by providing them with emergency food and nutrition assistance.

SNAP

USDA, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) Purpose(s): Improve the diets of low-income households by increasing access to food/ food-purchasing ability. Household eligibility and allotments are based on household size, income, assets, housing costs, work Requirements, and other factors

What causes food insecurity?

Unemployment Poverty Low wages High housing/healthcare costs Household income decrease Health expenditure increases Economic downturn Utility costs/welfare reform Mental health problems

FDIP- Food Diversity Innovation Program

established in 2016 as a sustainable high-impact educational and research program in the specialized areas of religious and ethnic foods and other certified foods to educate graduate and undergraduate students through direct interactions with food industries and hands-on research and product development experiences.

Afterschool Snack Program

the NSLP 1998, USDA, FNS Purpose(s): Assist school-based after-school educational or enrichment programs in providing healthful snacks to children through age an expansion of the available through NSLP. Schools receive cash subsidies for each snack served. Snacks must contain at least two different components of the following four: a serving of fluid milk a serving of meat or meat alternative a serving of vegetable(s) or fruit(s) or full-strength vegetable or fruit juice a serving of whole-grain or enriched bread or cereal.