NUTR

The liver uses cholesterol to make 1. Vitamin A 2. Bile 3. Water 4. Fatty acids

2

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ________. 1. lying down after meals 2 eating foods that contain phenylalanine 3. consuming foods that contain gluten 4. taking dietary supplements that contain homocysteine

3

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he ________. 1. decrease his intake of fruits and vegetables 2. increase his intake of solid fats 3. avoid overeating during meals 4 take a multivitamin/multimineral pill before meals

3

Chyme is the ________. 1. material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete 2. large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream 3. semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach 4. organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells

3

Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure. 1. potassium 2. chloride 3. nitrogen 4. iron

3

Glycogen is composed of _____ molecules. 1. fructose 2. ribose 3. glucose 4. insulin

3

Which of the following statements is true? 1. Each gram of fiber supplies about 6 kcal for humans. 2. Diets high in fiber increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. 3. The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber. 4. Eating foods rich in insoluble fiber helps reduce the risk of heart disease.

3

A primary function of the digestive system is the ________. 1. production of red blood cells 2. transmission of nervous impulses 3. destruction of toxic metabolic by-products 4. breakdown of food into nutrients

4

Abe wants to use canned or frozen peaches to make a dessert. While shopping for the fruit, how can he determine which kind has the least sugar per serving? 1. By reading the ingredients' lists on the labels 2. By checking the labels for health claims 3. By subtracting amounts of fiber in the two kinds of fruit from their total carbohydrate contents 4. By comparing sugar content information that is listed in the Nutrition Facts panels

4

Having high blood levels of _____ may increase a person's risk of CVD. 1. HDL 2. tryptophan 3. aspartic acid 4. homocysteine

4

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid? 1. Oleic acid 2. Stearic acid 3. Palmitic acid 4. Alpha-linolenic acid

4

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome? 1. Waist circumference that measures 33 inches 2. Body temperature that is over 101°F 3. Stomach ulcers that bleed 4. Blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal

4

_____ is a mineral nutrient. 1 Oxygen 2. Nitrogen 3 Hydrogen 4. Calcium

4

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ____ cancer. 1. pancreatic 2. skin 3. muscle 4. thyroid

1

Which of the following statements is true? 1. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that live in the human large intestine. 2. Prebiotics are immature probiotics. 3. Diets that contain a lot of probiotics have been clinically proven to cure colon cancer. 4. Prebiotics are harmful to gut microbiota.

1

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? 1. Soluble fiber 2. High-fructose corn syrup 3. Glucose 4. Lactose

1

Which of the following statements is true? 1 Most food labels include information about the bioavailability of protein in the product. 2 The Nutrition Facts panel provides information about a product's essential amino acid content. 3 You can judge a packaged food's protein quality by reviewing the ingredients' list. 4 Nutrient labels are not required to include information about the grams of protein in a serving of the food.

3

_____ is a mineral nutrient. 1 Carbon 2. Nitrogen 3. Hydrogen 4 Iron

4

After drinking too much alcohol at a party, Samantha can sober up rapidly by drinking coffee and taking high doses of vitamin C. True False

False

Lactose intolerance is caused by eating foods that contain high amounts of sucrose and maltose. True False

False

Prebiotics are substances in food that the human body digests to form probiotics. True False

False

Kevin has lactose intolerance, which means he is allergic to lactose. True False

True

Proteins help the body maintain its proper acid-base balance. True False

true

The body stores glucose in the form of glycogen. True False

true

Jeanne's total blood cholesterol level is 240 mg/dl. According to this information, ________. 1. Jeanne's total blood cholesterol level is too low to provide optimal health, and she should consume more foods that are rich sources of saturated fat 2. Jeanne's total blood cholesterol level and her ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol are within healthy limits 3. Jeanne needs to reduce her total blood cholesterol level to under 200 mg/dl and increase her HDL level to lower her risk of heart disease 4. Jeanne needs to increase her intake of trans fat and decrease her intake of omega-3 fat

3

The process of digesting food begins in ________. 1. colon 2 liver 3. mouth 4. esophagus

3

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? 1. Higher than average intakes of calcium 2. Female sex 3. Type 2 diabetes 4. Asian ancestry

3

Which of the following foods is a rich source of fiber? 1. Roast turkey 2. Beefsteak 3. Brown rice 4. Grilled salmon

3

Which of the following statements is true? 1. All hormones are proteins. 2. Protein is the primary energy source for the human body. 3. Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream. 4. Proteins are a major component of starch molecules.

3

_____ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual functions. 1. Hydrogenation 2. Protonation 3. Denaturation 4. Filtration

3

Betty has type 2 diabetes, and she has difficulty keeping her fasting blood glucose level under 180 mg/dl. Based on this information, Betty has a high risk of 1 kidney failure. 2. cystic fibrosis. 3 irritable bowel syndrome. 4. lactose intolerance

1

Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on this information, Bill should ________. 1. become more physically active 2. consume more saturated fat 3. smoke no more than a pack of cigarettes daily 4. gain some body weight

1

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________. 1. stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestine 2. enables glucose to enter muscle cells 3. increases the production of salivary amylase 4. decreases the excretion of sodium ions from kidneys

1

Erika is a vegan. To avoid developing a serious nutritional deficiency, she needs to include a source of _____ in her diet. 1. vitamin B-12 2. fiber 3. magnesium 4. folate

1

In the body, fat ________. 1. provide insulation against cold temperatures 2. are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber 3. stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals 4 are needed for proper cholesterol digestion

1

Nervous system cells rely on primary _____ for energy. 1 Glucose 2. Fructose Lactose Fiber

1

Proteins ________. 1 are comprised of amino acids 2. have phosphorus in their chemical structures 3. provide 7 kcal/g 4. are stored as glycogen in the body

1

The body uses proteins to make ________. 1. certain hormones 2. bile salts 3. magnesium ions 4 calcium carbonate

1

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. 1 villi 2. arteries 3. neurons 4. lacteals

1

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach? 1. Bile 2. Hydrochloric acid 3. Mucus 4. Gastric juice

1

Which of the following foods are legumes? 1. Peanuts 2. Potatoes 3 Onions 4. Mushrooms

1

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids? 1. Flaxseeds 2 Apples 3. Leaf lettuce 4. Fat-free milk

1

Which of the following foods is considered to be a probiotic? 1. Yogurt with live and active cultures of Lactobacillus 2. Fresh lean meat 3. Bread and cereals made from refined enriched wheat flour 4. Eggs laid by hens that consume organic feed

1

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein? 1. Tuna fish 2. Corn oil margarine 3. Leaf lettuce 4. Red grapes

1

Which of the following foods is not usually responsible for causing allergic responses? 1 Carrots and celery 2. Wheat and shellfish 3. Peanuts and other nuts 4. Fish and shellfish

1

Which of the following foods or beverages is a major source of added sugars in American diets? 1. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks 2. Ready-to-eat cereals 3. Fruit 4. Flavored Greek yogurt

1

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota? 1. Biotin 2. Sodium 3. Potassium 4 Bile

1

Which of the following statements about food labels is true? 1. information about the grams of total carbohydrate in a serving of food is displayed on a food label. 2. The list of ingredients on food packages does not have to include added sugars. 3. Information about the fiber contents of food is not provided in the Nutrition Facts panel. 4. The Nutrition Facts panel includes information about food's glycogen content.

1

Which of the following statements is true? 1. In the United States, type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 diabetes. 2. The primary sign of diabetes mellitus is hypoglycemia. 3. A person with type 1 diabetes who takes too much insulin is likely to experience hyperglycemia. 4. By losing excess weight, a person can reduce his or her risk of type 1 diabetes.

1

Lydia thinks she is 6-weeks pregnant. While she was at a party, she _____, because she did not want to endanger the embryo that was developing inside her body. 1 refused all alcoholic beverages 2 drank only a few beers 3. consumed only dry red wines 4. limited her alcohol intake to one shot of liquor

1.

Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One morning, Anna tested her blood before she ate breakfast and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/dl. Based on this information, Anna should 1 consume candy or fruit juice to increase her blood glucose level. 2. do nothing to intervene because her fasting blood glucose level is normal. 3. give herself an extra injection of insulin. do not eat anything for the next 5 hours, which 4. provides time for her blood glucose level to drop to normal naturally.

2

Camden likes to drink a beverage that is made with maple syrup, fruit juice concentrate, aspartame, and molasses. Which of these ingredients does not contain a form of sugar? 1. Maple syrup 2. Aspartame 3. Molasses 4. Fruit juice concentrate

2

Chelsea is concerned that her 2-year-old daughter may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes? 1 Having a fasting blood glucose level of 80 mg/dl 2. Having fruity-smelling breath 3 Urinating less frequently than normal 4. Gaining an unexpected amount of weight

2

Chronic alcohol abuse ________. 1. causes the heart to shrink 2. increases fat deposits in the abdominal region 3. lowers blood pressure 4. increases the size of the adrenal glands

2

In the stomach, _____ participate in the chemical digestion of protein. 1 gastric lipase and intrinsic factor 2. hydrochloric acid and pepsin 3. mucus and cholecystokinin 4. pancreatic amylase and intrinsic factor

2

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth. 1. alcohol 2 starch 3 water 4. protein

2

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber? 1. Soluble fiber is in animal foods, whereas insoluble fiber is in plant foods. 2. Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water. 3. Soluble fiber provides no health benefits to humans, whereas insoluble fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. 4 Soluble fiber can be digested by humans, whereas insoluble fiber cannot be digested.

2

When combined, which of the following groups of foods forms a complementary protein dish? 1. Cranberries, apples, and marshmallows 2. Kidney beans, rice, and sesame seeds 3. Peaches, bananas, and apricots 4. Iceberg lettuce, carrots, and tomatoes

2

Layla has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because of her family history and ________. 1. European ancestry 2. high blood levels of LDL cholesterol 3. physically active lifestyle 4. low blood pressure

2.

Which of the following organs is the main site for detoxifying alcohol? 1. Spleen 2. Liver 3. Stomach 4. Kidneys

2.