Nutrition 1

What fraction of the body's total glycogen content is found in the liver

1/3

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are intended for healthy adults and children ages _____ and older

2

What is the AMDR for fat?

20-35%

Cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves every

3 DAYS

Which of the following is a description of chyme?

A semiliquid mass of partially digested food released by the stomach into the small intestine

Which of the following cannot be found in plants?

Cholesterol

long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber

Complex carbohydrates:

Which of the following establishes population-wide average requirements used by nutrition policymakers?

Estimated Average Requirements

Which of the following is a feature of peristalsis

It consists of wavelike muscular contractions resulting from alternate tightening and relaxing of circular muscles and longitudinal muscles

Which of the following lipids is an essential nutrient?

Linoleic acid

What is the primary function of insulin?

Lowers blood glucose levels

What type of fatty acid is found in high amounts in olive oil?

Monounsaturated

Which of the following describes a fatty acid that has one double bond?

Monounsaturated

What is the meaning of a double-blind experiment?

Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group

What type of compound is lecithin

Phospholipid

A study conducted in several countries where a high intake of fish and a low intake of animal fat were correlated with a low rate of breast cancer death is an example of a(n

epidemiological study

A bolus is conducted past the diaphragm through thE

esophagus

Which of the following contains the least amount of fiber?

White rice

Is it possible to have too much fiber in your diet?

Yes, because some fibers bind with minerals and carry them out of the body

Which of the following is not characteristic of an atherogenic diet?

low in trans fats

Providing enough, but not an excess, of a food is a diet-planning principle known as

moderation

Digestion of most starch begins in the

mouth.

What percentage of dietary protein is hydrolyzed in the mouth

0

The DRI for protein for healthy adults is ____ grams per kilogram of body weight

0.8

The percentages of the Daily Values on food packages are given in terms of a person requiring ____ calories each day

2,000

The Nutrition Facts Panel on a food label lists the following information for amounts per serving 111 calories; 23 calories from fat. What percentage of the calories are provided by fat?

21

Of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States, ____ are related to nutrition, and 1 to alcohol consumption.

4

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes, people should obtain about ____ percent of their daily energy from carbohydrates.

45 - 65

The DRI Committee recommended a diet that contains ____% of its calories from carbohydrate.

45-65

What is the percent digestibility of most plant proteins?

70-90

How many amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids

9

What are the "ABCDMV" principles of diet planning?

Adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety

One of the first symptoms of folate deficiency

Anemia

Which of the following proteins inactivates foreign bacteria and viruses?

Antibodies

The antiscorbutic factor

Ascorbic acid

Name of thiamin deficiency disease

Beriberi

Deficiency of this vitamin is induced by feeding raw egg whites

Biotin

Which of the following is characteristic of an essential nutrient?

Cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body

Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of this substanc

Collagen

Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles?

Control the passage of food through the GI tract

Overconsumption of this food has resulted in pellagra

Corn

Which of the following is the most potentially toxic of all vitamins

D

A food source that supplies a substantial amount of people's riboflavin intake

Dairy

Which of the following is a factor that determines the hardness of a fat at a given temperature?

Degree of saturation

What is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein chain?

Denaturation

What is the usual fate of orally ingested enzyme supplements?

Digested by gastrointestinal proteases

What is the function of bile?

Emulsifies fats

What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?

Epiglottis

The absence of a Tolerable Upper Intake Level for a nutrient implies that it is safe to consume in any amount T OR F

F

Prevention of neural tube defects is related to increased intake of this substance by pregnant wome

Folate

When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?

Glucagon

What lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol back to the liver from the periphery

High-density lipoprotein

When the pancreas detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose, it releases

INSULIN

Required for absorption of vitamin B12

Intrinsic factor

Which of the following is a feature of an essential amino acid?

It must be supplied by the diet

Immediately after absorption, what circulatory system carries the fat-soluble vitamins and large fats?

Lymphatic

What substance protects the stomach lining from damage due to digestive juices?

MUCUS

Of the following commonly eaten foods, which makes the greatest contribution to riboflavin intake?

Milk

High doses are known to lower blood cholesterol

Niacin

What is meant by the amino acid sequence of a protein

Order of amino acids in the peptide chain

This vitamin is a component of acetyl-CoA

Pantothenic acid

A food unusually rich in thiamin

Pork

Deficiency of this vitamin leads to cracks and redness at corners of the mout

Riboflavin

The primary difference between recommendations for nutrient intakes and values set for energy intake is that the value for energy intake is not generous. T OR F

T

What is mastication?

THE ACT OF CHEWING

What is the chief reason people choose the foods they eat?

Taste

Which of the following statements about trans fatty acids is true?

They arise when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated

What is the composition of a tripeptide?

Three amino acids bonded together

Concerned about the toxic effects of added nutrients in fortified foods and supplements, when eaten in addition to staple foods, scientists established the ____ category of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)

Used for synthesis of niacin

Tryptophan

Exposure to this leads to destruction of riboflavin

Ultraviolet light

Required to maintain nerve fiber sheath

Vitamin B12

Toxicity from this vitamin is known to cause irreversible nerve damag

Vitamin B6

Which of the following is an organic compound?

Vitamin C

When consumed on a regular basis, which of the following foods promotes healthful changes of the microflora of the GI tract

YOGURT

By definition, a vitamin is all of the following except

a non-essential nutrient.

Negative nitrogen balance occurs in

a surgery patient.

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines encourage Americans to consume less

added sugars.

One of the characteristics of a nutritious diet is that the foods provide enough of each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy. This principle of diet planning is called:

adequacy

The body's amino acid pool consists of

both essential and nonessential amino acids.

What is one symptom of a beta-carotene toxicity?

bright yellow skin

A concentrated source of vitamin C

broccoli

All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except

c

The development of chronic diseases has a connection to poor diet and:

can be reduced by food choices along with lifestyle choices

A conditionally essential nutrient

choline

Oil that is partially hydrogenated sometimes changes one or more of its double bond configurations from

cis to trans.

The B vitamins act as part of

coenzymes.

The best way to increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is to

consume 2 fish meals per week

Fat stored in the body is used as a source of energy when not enough energy is available from food. This process involves

dismantling stored fat in fat cells and releasing components into blood

Among the cells' most basic needs are _____ and the oxygen with which to burn it

energy

Which of the following is a protein catalyst which acts on other substances to change them chemically?

enzyme

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are appropriately used for all of the following except

estimating the nutrient needs of persons with medical problems

Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy?

fats

Which of the following is not one of the six classes of nutrients?

fiber

All of the following are sources of dietary carbohydrates except

fish

Which of the following B vitamins is especially important for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects?

folate

Which monosaccharide is responsible for the sweet taste of fruit?

fructose

Data from a national survey showed that on a given day almost 2/3's of our population consume inadequate

fruits

Which of the following food groups does not provide significant protein?

fruits

Which of the following is the most-used monosaccharide inside the body?

glucose

Any food providing 10% or more of the Daily Value for a nutrient is considered to be a _____ source of the nutrient.

good

Characteristics of a legitimate and qualified nutrition expert include

graduation from a university after completing a program of dietetics.

A woman who is on a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss may have difficulty maintaining an adequate level of the B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate. What foods being avoided in her diet are most likely to cause this?

grain foods and cereals

A person who eats a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast every day would be displaying a food choice most likely based on

habit

A major cause of rancidity of lipids in foods is exposure to

heat and oxygen

The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is

high saturated and trans fat intake

Lactose intolerance can cause nutritional complications because

inadequate calcium intake from avoiding dairy products can affect bone development

As more research is showing the possible benefits of phytochemicals for health, the best way to approach consuming them in your diet is to

include a variety of fruits and vegetables containing phytochemicals in your diet

Current dietary guidelines for the United States recommend:

increased consumption of fiber-rich, whole food grain of carbohydrate

A non-food source from which vitamin K can be obtained is

intestinal bacteria.

Excess intake of vitamin C may aggravate this disorder

iron overload

All of the following are properties of fiber except

it elevates blood glucose levels.

Which of the following is not one of the functions of vitamin C?

maintains bone density

Which of the following groups is de-emphasized in the USDA MyPlate Food Guide?

meats

Which of the following animal-derived foods contains significant amounts of carbohydrates?

milk

The term _"____" has no legal definition but is often used on food labels to imply wholesomeness.

natural

Which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat?

nitrogen

Which of the following foods is exempt from listing ingredients on the label?

none of the above

The vitamin D deficiency disease in adults is known as

osteomalacia

A(n) ____ bond is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid in a protein

peptide

When nitrogen taken into the body exceeds nitrogen losses, we say the person is in

positive nitrogen balance.

One of the stomach's main functions is part of the digestion of what nutrient?

protein

Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient?

protein

A person diagnosed with milk allergy would be sensitive to the milk's

protein.

The active form of vitamin A stored in the liver is:

retinol

When referring to the DRI recommended intakes, it is important to remember tha

they are based on the latest available scientific research.

As the villi in the small intestine are exposed to nutrients

they will preferentially absorb a greater percentage of deficient nutrients

You are trying to decide which type of sugar to use, and want to choose the one that would have the greatest nutritional value. Your best choice would be:

to select any of the sugars because none of them is "more healthy" than anothe

Nutrients are delivered from the intestines through the circulatory system to the cells by

transport through the blood to the liver for chemical altering to make them better suited for use by the tissues.

The major storage form of fats in our body is in the form of

triglycerides which are made up of fatty acids and glycerol.

An uninformed strict vegetarian is at special risk for ____ deficiency

vitamin B12

A person who shuns dairy and spends most of her time indoors would likely benefit from a supplement of

vitamin D

Which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes?

weight control, exercise, and a healthy lifestyle

Which of the following would provide the highest amount of vitamin E?

wheat germ oil

All of the following are results of making poor food choices except

when made over just a single day, they exert great harm to your health.

Which of the following is not one of the major storage systems which store and release nutrients to meet the cells' needs between meals?

pancreas

The digestive juices in the small intestine include

pancreatic juice which neutralizes stomach acids reaching the small intestine.

Foods that have been subjected to any process such as addition of additives, milling, or cooking are called ____ foods

processed

An important function of fat in the body is to

protect vital organs against shock

The source of valid nutrition information is

scientific journals

The primary organ of digestion and absorption is the

small intestine.

The disaccharides include:

sucrose, maltose, and lactose

Sickle-cell disease is an example of an inherited mistake in the amino acid sequence. t or f

t

Sound nutrition authorities acknowledge that well-chosen vegetarian diets are consistent with good health and can meet nutrient needs. t or f

t

When fructose and glucose are bonded together they form:

table sugar

The credential "R.D." displayed by a dietitian's name indicates registration with

the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

In what organ does the digestion process begin?

MOUTH

All of the following are needed for the body to synthesize protein except

amino acid supplements.

Vitamin E serves as

an antioxidant.

Which of the following mechanisms is important for the digestion of fat in foods

bile in the small intestine emulsifies the fat for enzyme action