Nutrition 103: Chapter 9

Which of the following statements is true? A. Protons are negatively charged particles. B.Acids are substances that gain hydrogen ions. C. Electrons are positively charged particles. D. Matter is comprised of atoms.

D. Matter is comprised of atoms.

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing A. irritable bowel syndrome. B. peptic ulcers. C. chronic constipation. D. cystic fibrosis.

D. cystic fibrosis.

Bella is an omnivore, because she can A. synthesize protease, urease, and DNA polymerase. B. consume organic, refined, and functional foods. C. only eat plant foods. D. digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of sources.

D. digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of sources.

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach? A. Saliva B. Chyme C. Gastric juice D. Bile salts

C. Gastric juice

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is A. production of red blood cells. B. regulation of body activities. C. circulation of blood throughout the body. D. destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.

C. circulation of blood throughout the body.

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach? A. Hydrochloric acid B. Bile C. Chyme D. Salivary amylase

A. Hydrochloric acid

_____ is a mineral element. A. Iron B. Hydrogen C. Nitrogen D. Carbon

A. Iron

Which of the following statements is true? A. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. B. The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine. C. The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system. D. Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than fat people.

A. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ____ system. A. nervous B. endocrine C. cardiovascular D. integumentary

A. nervous

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called A. peristalsis. B. segmentation. C. gluconeogenesis. D. lipolysis.

A. peristalsis.

The _____ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them. A. essentiality B. bioavailability C. homeostasis D. digestibility

B. bioavailability

Libby was born without salivary glands. As a result of this condition, she A. develops numerous stomach ulcers. B. has trouble tasting food. C. cannot tolerate eating cold foods. D. digests food too rapidly.

B. has trouble tasting food.

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter A. special cells lining the hepatic portal vein. B. lacteals within the villi. C. the gastroesophageal sphincter. D. chyme.

B. lacteals within the villi.

To make hot tea, Sonya adds boiling water to a cup that has a teabag in it. She waits about 5 minutes for the tea to steep, then removes the teabag. Before drinking the tea, she adds a teaspoon of sugar to the hot beverage. When added to the tea, the sugar is a A. diffusion. B. buffer. C. solute. D. solvent.

C. solute.

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness. A. digest proteins more efficiently B. develop gallstones. C. absorb vitamins more rapidly D. lose weight rapidly

D. lose weight rapidly