Nutrition 170 Final Exam Beth Blake

For the normal-weight woman who becomes pregnant, what is the ideal weekly weight gain from the start of the second trimester and onward? a. 1 lb b. 2 lbs c. 3 lbs d. 4 lbs

a. 1 lb

Physical performance is noticeably affected when body water loss first reaches a. 2%. b. 5%. c. 10%. d. 12%

a. 2%.

What is the approximate body mass index of a woman who is 5'5" and 125 lbs? a. 21 b. 26 c. 31 d. 36

a. 21

Among the following, which is the most important strategy for an underweight person who wishes to achieve a healthy body weight? a. A high-kcalorie diet plus regular exercise b. Total elimination of alcohol and exercise c. A high-kcalorie diet and minimal exercise d. A high-protein diet plus regular exercise

a. A high-kcalorie diet plus regular exercise

What is the placenta? a. An organ from which the infant receives nourishment b. A muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth c. The developing infant from the eighth week after conception until birth d. The developing infant during its second through eighth week after conception

a. An organ from which the infant receives nourishment

Which of the following is not among the common food sources of potassium? a. Cheeses b. Potatoes c. Fresh fruits d. Orange juice

a. Cheeses

What organization is responsible for setting tolerance guidelines for the use of a pesticide on food? a. EPA b. FDA c. WHO d. DDT

a. EPA

Which of the following foods are most often the cause of allergies? a. Eggs, peanuts, and milk b. Bananas, juice, and cola c. Apples, noodles, and rice d. Pears, oatmeal, and chocolate

a. Eggs, peanuts, and milk

What term is given to the condition of a female athlete who has an eating disorder and develops amenorrhea and osteoporosis? a. Female athlete triad b. Triathlete medical disorder c. High stress tertiary disorder d. Nonadaptable training syndrome

a. Female athlete triad

What is the largest single group of food additives? a. Flavoring agents b. Artificial sweeteners c. Antimicrobial agents d. Artificial coloring agents

a. Flavoring agents

Marie is an 80-year-old woman with a BMI of 27 who has been admitted to the hospital for dehydration. She lives alone, her diet is very high in desserts and sweets, and she only drinks diet colas. On morning hospital rounds, the attending physician asks the group of interns what they recommend for the patient. With which intern should you disagree? a. Intern A: Try to lose enough weight to achieve a desirable BMI b. Intern B: Try to incorporate soft fruits and cooked vegetables into the diet c. Intern C: Try to avoid sodas that contain caffeine as they may contribute to dehydration d. Intern D: Try to drink at least 6 glasses of water a day

a. Intern A: Try to lose enough weight to achieve a desirable BMI

Of the following nutrient needs, which is considered the most difficult to meet during pregnancy, often because of low body stores? a. Iron b. Protein c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin B6

a. Iron

You are presenting a general seminar at a food safety convention. At the end of your talk, an audience member barrages you with questions about irradiation of foods causing people to be exposed to radioactive food. How should you respond? a. Irradiation techniques do not in any way produce radioactive foods b. There is only cause for concern when treating foods such as milk, grapefruits, eggs, and high-fat meats c. Radioactive foods have been approved for consumption by the American Medical Association, the FAO, and the WHO d. Cold pasteurization is the only technique that results in radioactive foods and as long as they are avoided, there is no cause for concern

a. Irradiation techniques do not in any way produce radioactive foods

Why is ground meat more susceptible to microbial contamination than unground meat? a. It has more surface area b. It is usually undercooked c. It has a higher fat content d. It is not inspected as often

a. It has more surface area

What is muscle atrophy? a. Loss of muscle size and strength b. Muscle cramps arising from insufficient warm-up c. Muscle spasms resulting from too-rapid progressive overloading d. Alterations in heart muscle contractions when first initiating a fitness program

a. Loss of muscle size and strength

What is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet? a. Processed foods b. Unprocessed foods c. Natural salt content of foods d. Salt added during cooking and at the table

a. Processed foods

Which of the following is a feature of protein nutrition in physical activity? a. Protein is not a major fuel for physical activity b. Body protein synthesis rates increase about 10% during physical activity c. Protein contributes 30% more to total fuel used for physical activity than during rest d. Body protein synthesis rates decline about 30% for several hours after physical activity

a. Protein is not a major fuel for physical activity

Which of the following is generally not associated with a regular program of physical fitness? a. Reduced bone density b. Lower blood pressure c. Fall in resting pulse rate d. Diminished blood cholesterol

a. Reduced bone density

Which of the following best exemplifies an activity that promotes flexibility? a. Yoga b. Pilates c. Weight lifting d. Jumping rope

a. Yoga

All of the following are characteristics of body weight and older people except a. a higher body weight reduces the risk of sarcopenia. b. being overweight at age 75 does not reduce longevity. c. being moderately overweight may not carry health risks. d. a low body weight may be more detrimental than a high one.

a. a higher body weight reduces the risk of sarcopenia.

A child is brought into the emergency room with breathing difficulties. He also has difficulty swallowing and speaking. The mother mentions that he ate some home-canned beans yesterday. You suspect microbiological food poisoning. The most likely toxin is a. botulinum toxin. b. giardiasis toxin. c. Salmonella toxin. d. campylobacteria toxin

a. botulinum toxin.

The single most effective way to teach nutrition to children is by a. example. b. punishment. c. singling out only hazardous nutrition practices for attention. d. explaining the importance of eating new foods as a prerequisite for dessert.

a. example.

Among the elderly, malnutrition is most common in those living a. in nursing homes. b. with their children. c. at home with others. d. at home by themselves

a. in nursing homes.

All of the following are characteristics of anorexia nervosa except a. in those who recover, energy intakes return to normal. b. only one-half of women who are treated can maintain body weight at a near healthy level. c. treatment with prescription drugs plays only a limited role. d. it has one of the highest mortality rates among psychiatric disorders.

a. in those who recover, energy intakes return to normal.

A craving for non-food substances is known as a. pica. b. bulimia. c. toxemia. d. hyperemesis.

a. pica.

All of the following are features of potassium in nutrition except a. processed foods are a major source. b. high intakes may protect against stroke. c. per serving size, legumes are a rich source. d. per serving size, bananas are a rich source.

a. processed foods are a major source.

To maintain physical fitness during pregnancy, all of the following activities are considered acceptable except a. saunas. b. swimming. c. playing singles tennis. d. 50-minute aerobic exercise sessions 3 times/week

a. saunas.

Features of infant formulas include all of the following except a. they contain antibodies. b. they breed bacteria in bottles left at room temperature. c. they typically contain over twice the amount of iron compared with breast milk. d. they contain fat and carbohydrate at concentrations resembling those in breast milk.

a. they contain antibodies.

As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight? a. 1600 b. 1200 c. 500 d. 800

b. 1200

A person's highest bone density is achieved by around age (years) a. 18. b. 30. c. 55. d. 70.

b. 30.

Sports drinks begin to provide an advantage over plain water for athletes when their exercise periods first exceed a. 15 minutes. b. 60 minutes. c. 1 1/2 hours. d. 3 hours.

b. 60 minutes.

What is gestational diabetes? a. A severe form of type 1 diabetes in newborns b. Abnormal blood glucose maintenance during pregnancy c. Reactive hypoglycemia expressed during the third trimester of pregnancy d. A temporary loss of insulin secretion during the first trimester of pregnancy

b. Abnormal blood glucose maintenance during pregnancy

What fraction of the day's energy expenditure of the average person is represented by the basal metabolism? a. Up to 1/2 b. About 2/3 c. About 1/10 d. Over 9/10

b. About 2/3

Which of the following methods of thawing meats or poultry increases health risk? a. In the refrigerator b. At room temperature c. In a microwave oven d. Under cool running water

b. At room temperature

What term is given to the time period during which irreversible damage to the fetus may occur from specific events such as malnutrition or exposure to toxins? a. First trimester b. Critical period c. Fertility period d. Conceptual period

b. Critical period

Which of the following describes fat utilization during physical activity? a. Fat that is stored closest to the exercising muscle is oxidized first b. Fat represents the major fuel source during sustained, moderate activity c. Fat oxidization makes more of a contribution as the intensity of the exercise increases d. Fat is burned in higher quantities during short, high-intensity exercises than prolonged, low-intensity exercises

b. Fat represents the major fuel source during sustained, moderate activity

In what period of pregnancy would most damage from alcohol consumption occur? a. Before conception b. First trimester c. Second trimester d. Third trimester

b. First trimester

What list is composed of substances widely used for many years without apparent ill effects? a. FDA b. GRAS c. Delaney d. Additive Safety

b. GRAS

Which of the following is a major function of chloride? a. Participates in wound healing b. Helps maintain gastric acidity c. Acts as principal intracellular electrolyte d. Protects bone structures against degeneration

b. Helps maintain gastric acidity

Which of the following is a characteristic of sports anemia? a. It requires prolonged treatment b. It is a temporary condition requiring no treatment c. It responds to treatment only with high doses of iron d. It is due primarily to increased iron loss via perspiration

b. It is a temporary condition requiring no treatment

Which of the following is a feature of ghrelin? a. It is released in high amounts from adipocytes during periods of excess energy intake b. It stimulates appetite and energy storage c. It is a metabolic antagonist of leptin d. The blood level in the fasting state correlates directly with body weight

b. It stimulates appetite and energy storage

What is sarcopenia? a. Loss of central visual activity b. Loss of muscle mass and strength c. Aging-induced chronic inflammation of the stomach d. Intestinal dysmotility from excessive use of laxatives

b. Loss of muscle mass and strength

All of the following are known to reduce the absorption of iron except a. phytates. b. MFP factor. c. soybean protein. d. tannic acid in tea.

b. MFP factor.

What is the major cause of iron deficiency? a. Blood loss b. Poor nutrition c. Hereditary defect d. Parasitic infections of the GI tract

b. Poor nutrition

Which of the following defines nursing bottle tooth decay? a. Caries development resulting from frequent use of non-sterile bottles and nipples b. Tooth decay of an infant due to putting infant to bed at night with a bottle c. Marked tooth decay of an infant due to prolonged exposure to protein-rich fluids from a bottle d. Tooth decay resulting from constant exposure to food due to inability of the infant to swallow normally

b. Tooth decay of an infant due to putting infant to bed at night with a bottle

What is the body's most indispensable nutrient? a. Fat b. Water c. Protein d. Glucose

b. Water

For optimal performance, the athlete's precompetition meal may include all of the following except a. pasta. b. beans. c. breads. d. potatoes.

b. beans.

Time and temperature are two components of safe food handling. The third basic component is a. speed. b. cleanliness. c. frequency. d. intensity.

b. cleanliness.

A person engaged in physically active work in hot, humid weather and who wears a rubber suit to promote weight loss is at high risk of experiencing a. ketosis. b. heat stroke. c. hypothermia. d. overhydration.

b. heat stroke.

A person who exhibits a physiological need to eat is most likely experiencing the sensation of a. neuropeptide Y suppression. b. hunger. c. appetite. d. stress eating.

b. hunger.

A muscle that increases in size in response to use is an example of a. atrophy. b. hypertrophy. c. muscular endurance. d. muscle engorgement.

b. hypertrophy.

Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly is least likely to occur from a. intestinal bacterial overgrowth. b. insufficient intake of vitamin B12. c. reduced output of intrinsic factor. d. reduced output of hydrochloric acid.

b. insufficient intake of vitamin B12.

Bariatrics is a field of medicine that specializes in the treatment of a. anorexia and bulimia. b. obesity. c. severe underweight. d. combating fad diets

b. obesity.

Most food additives are classified as a. emulsifiers. b. preservatives. c. color enhancers. d. bleaching agents.

b. preservatives.

Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to a. provide energy for cells. b. provide rigidity for the bones and teeth. c. regulate the transmission of nerve impulses. d. maintain the blood level of calcium within very narrow limits

b. provide rigidity for the bones and teeth.

Hyponatremia refers to low blood levels of a. water. b. sodium. c. glucose. d. potassium.

b. sodium.

A principal reason that congregate meals are preferable to Meals on Wheels is that a. the cost of administering congregate meals is lower. b. there are more social benefits to congregate meals. c. nutritional benefits are greater with congregate meals. d. more meals per week are served with congregate meals.

b. there are more social benefits to congregate meals.

Breast milk as the sole source of nutrition, up to the first 6 months in healthy infants, is satisfactory for all nutrients except a. sodium. b. vitamin D. c. iron and folate. d. zinc and vitamin A.

b. vitamin D.

To gradually replace breast milk with infant formula or other foods appropriate to an infant's diet is to a. feed. b. wean. c. nurse. d. breastfeed

b. wean.

Since repeated pregnancies occurring within short time frames lead to depletion of the mother's nutrient reserves, what is the optimal interval between pregnancies? a. 1/2 year b. 1 year c. 1 1/2 -2 years d. 3-4 years

c. 1 1/2 -2 years

To minimize the possibility of foodborne illness, hamburger should be cooked to an internal temperature (°F) of at least a. 125. b. 140. c. 160. d. 195.

c. 160.

What is the minimum recommended safe temperature (°F) to heat leftovers? a. 140 b. 152 c. 165 d. 180

c. 165

What would be a normal body weight after 1 year for a healthy infant with a birthweight of 8 lbs? a. 12 lbs b. 16 lbs c. 24 lbs d. 35 lbs

c. 24 lbs

What is the recommended range of weight gain, in lbs, during pregnancy for a normal-weight woman? a. 10-18 b. 19-24 c. 25-35 d. 38-44

c. 25-35

What is the recommended increase in daily energy intake, in kcal, for the third trimester of pregnancy? a. 200 b. 300 c. 450 d. 540

c. 450

For every decade beyond the age of 30, what is the percentage decrease in the need for total kcalories? a. 10 b. 15 c. 5 d. 2

c. 5

What sweetener should be avoided by people with PKU? a. Neotame b. Sucralose c. Aspartame d. Acesulfame-K

c. Aspartame

Which of the following does not serve as a major regulator of fluid balance in the body? a. Sodium b. Chloride c. Calcium d. Potassium

c. Calcium

During pregnancy, which of the following nutrients show a dramatic increase in absorption? a. Salt and sugar b. Protein and fat c. Calcium and iron d. Thiamin and ascorbic acid

c. Calcium and iron

Which of the following would be the best choice for physically active people who need to rehydrate? a. "Sweat" replacers b. Salt tablets and tap water c. Diluted juice or cool water d. Water warmed to body temperature

c. Diluted juice or cool water

Your cousin Emily is a vegetarian. Since you have just learned in your nutrition class that nonheme iron is absorbed less efficiently than heme iron, you want to make sure Emily is getting enough iron. What should you recommend Emily do to maximize her iron absorption? a. Choose spinach as her main source of iron b. Eat her nonheme iron sources with a glass of milk c. Eat her nonheme iron sources with a glass of orange juice d. Refrain from any major activity after eating to aid digestion/absorption of iron

c. Eat her nonheme iron sources with a glass of orange juice

When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon known as "hitting the wall," what nutrient is most likely depleted? a. Water b. Protein c. Glucose d. Fatty acids

c. Glucose

Which of the following diets promotes superior physical performance in athletes? a. High-fat diet b. High-protein diet c. High-carbohydrate diet d. Normal mixed diet with vitamin supplements

c. High-carbohydrate diet

As far as is known, what hormone is dependent upon chromium for optimal activity? a. Renin b. Gastrin c. Insulin d. Antidiurectic hormone

c. Insulin

Which of the following is a feature of leptin? a. It is secreted by the brain and acts on fat cells b. It is usually deficient in obese people c. It is a satiety signal d. It is an enzyme

c. It is a satiety signal

You work part-time at a local diner and have noticed that there are a few questionable practices going on behind closed doors. An older employee tells you that the worst of these oversights is the workers' disregard for the "danger" zone. Which of the following applies to this employee's warning? a. Keeping the freezer at 35° F b. Serving raw seafood without proper cooking techniques c. Keeping beef patties on a warm grill (135° F) for up to 3 hours d. Not disposing of egg shells immediately after use and allowing them to sit on countertops

c. Keeping beef patties on a warm grill (135° F) for up to 3 hours

Which of the following foods provides the greatest amount of iron per serving? a. Yogurt b. Skim milk c. Pinto beans d. American cheese

c. Pinto beans

What is the best approach to weight loss? a. Avoid foods containing carbohydrates b. Greatly increase protein intake to prevent body protein loss c. Reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure d. Eliminate all fats from the diet and decrease water intake

c. Reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure

In general, what are the chief consequences of nutritional deprivation in the lactating mother? a. Cessation of lactation b. Reduced quality of milk c. Reduced quantity of milk d. Reduced quality and quantity of milk

c. Reduced quantity of milk

Which of the following practices is safest for minimizing microbial contamination of prepared foods? a. Store food in a controlled atmosphere of chlorine bleach vapors b. Restrict the food's exposure at room temperature to a maximum of 4-6 hours c. Restrict the food's exposure at between 40° F and 140° F to a maximum of 2 hours d. Store food under air-tight conditions at a temperature of 32° F for a maximum of 1 month

c. Restrict the food's exposure at between 40° F and 140° F to a maximum of 2 hours

What should be the first cereal introduced to the infant? a. Oat b. Corn c. Rice d. Wheat

c. Rice

Jenny has just learned that she is one month pregnant (1st trimester). She has been looking forward to all the ice cream, chips and cakes she has seen women on TV and in the movies eating when they are pregnant. What is the most appropriate advice for Jenny? a. She can eat these foods, but only up to 340 kcalories extra per day b. She can eat these foods, but only up to 550 kcalories extra per day c. She does not have increased energy needs in the first trimester and should not indulge herself d. She should not eat these foods, but rather include one extra serving from each food group per day

c. She does not have increased energy needs in the first trimester and should not indulge herself

Which of the following is a feature of water metabolism during exercise? a. The maximum loss of fluid per hour of exercise is about 0.5 liters b. In cold weather, the need for water falls dramatically because the body does not sweat c. Sweat losses can exceed the capacity of the GI tract to absorb water, resulting in some degree of dehydration d. Heavy sweating leads to a marked rise in the thirst sensation to stimulate water intake, which delays the onset of dehydration

c. Sweat losses can exceed the capacity of the GI tract to absorb water, resulting in some degree of dehydration

The day after Thanksgiving, you and your sisters are a little hungry and want to eat leftovers before going shopping. Which of the following foods would most readily satisfy the feeling of hunger? a. Mashed potatoes b. Noodle casserole c. Turkey d. Pecan pie

c. Turkey

It is still acceptable for a mother to breastfeed even if she has a. abused alcohol. b. a drug addiction. c. an ordinary cold. d. a communicable disease.

c. an ordinary cold.

After consuming a very large meal, the desire to eat a slice of chocolate cake is an example of behavior known as a. hunger. b. satiety. c. appetite. d. pigging out.

c. appetite.

With few exceptions, all of the following substances or practices should be totally eliminated during pregnancy except a. cigarette smoking. b. weight-loss dieting. c. artificial sweeteners. d. alcohol consumption.

c. artificial sweeteners.

The components of fitness include all of the following except a. strength. b. flexibility. c. bone fragility. d. cardiovascular endurance

c. bone fragility

A popular eating plan that promises quick weight loss is known as a(n) a. spot reduction program. b. aggressive bariatric program. c. fad diet. d. discretionary diet

c. fad diet.

If you suspect that you are suffering from a foodborne illness, appropriate actions to take include all of the following except a. refrain from eating or drinking any more of the tainted product. b. drink clear liquids to help combat diarrhea and vomiting, and call a physician. c. find a portion of the remaining suspected food and ask someone else to taste it to detect any off flavors. d. find the remainder of the suspected food and store it in the refrigerator for possible inspection by health authorities.

c. find a portion of the remaining suspected food and ask someone else to taste it to detect any off flavors.

Your friend Bob, who engages in endurance exercise throughout the week, is concerned that his protein intake is inadequate and asks what type of protein supplement he should take. You assure him that a. all high-quality protein drinks are equivalent despite the price differences. b. the extra protein he needs should be high-quality lean sources of poultry and fish. c. he most likely already gets more protein from his regular diet than he needs, even for endurance activity. d. no sports authority organizations recommend protein intakes greater than the RDA for endurance athletes.

c. he most likely already gets more protein from his regular diet than he needs, even for endurance activity.

Goiter is caused primarily by a deficiency of a. iron. b. zinc. c. iodine. d. selenium

c. iodine.

Certain green leafy vegetables have a very low calcium bioavailability due to the presence of a. low calcium content. b. low vitamin D content. c. naturally occurring binders. d. high magnesium content, which lowers calcium absorption.

c. naturally occurring binders.

Your friend Mark is an avid organic food consumer. He believes that natural foods are the only way to avoid the chemicals that farmers "poison" their crops with. You warn Mark that not all natural foods are free from toxins; indeed, that many foods contain naturally occurring toxic substances. The example you provide could be the solanine commonly found in a. beets. b. broccoli. c. potatoes. d. anchovies

c. potatoes.

If a child is reluctant to try a new food, it is best to a. send the child to his/her room. b. withhold dessert until all food on the plate is eaten. c. quietly remove it and present it again at another time. d. encourage other family members to coax the child to eat it.

c. quietly remove it and present it again at another time.

Low-fat or nonfat milk should not be given routinely to a child until after the age of a. two weeks. b. three months. c. two years. d. six years.

c. two years.

Food producers are allowed to label a food product as organic if it a. has been irradiated. b. contains genetically engineered ingredients. c. was made with at least 95% organic ingredients. d. was grown with fertilizer made from sewer sludge.

c. was made with at least 95% organic ingredients.

According to body mass index values, what fraction of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese? a. 1/10 b. 1/3 c. 1/6 d. 2/3

d. 2/3

Gestation is generally divided into equal periods of a. 4 weeks, called quarters. b. 9 weeks, called quartiles. c. 4 months, called semesters. d. 3 months, called trimesters.

d. 3 months, called trimesters.

What is the highest age group recognized in the Dietary Reference Intakes? a. 40 years and over b. 50 years and over c. 65 years and over d. 71 years and older

d. 71 years and older

What is WIC? a. A serious neural tube defect b. The World Intervention and Conception program of the United Nations c. An environmental contaminant that may interfere with breast milk production d. A food and nutrition services program for pregnant women, children, and infants

d. A food and nutrition services program for pregnant women, children, and infants

What is colostrum? a. A clot in the bloodstream b. A major protein in breast milk c. A hormone that promotes milk production d. A milk-like substance secreted right after delivery

d. A milk-like substance secreted right after delivery

In the immediate postexercise period, what type of diet enhances muscle protein synthesis? a. Protein alone b. Carbohydrate alone c. Carbohydrate plus fat d. Carbohydrate plus protein

d. Carbohydrate plus protein

Which of the following are good sources of dietary calcium? a. Fruits b. Breads c. Enriched grains d. Certain green vegetables

d. Certain green vegetables

Jenny is 34 years old and has a BMI of 28. Her body type could be described as "pear-like." John is 55 years old with a BMI of 28, and a body type that is "apple-like." Why is John more likely than Jenny to be at risk for degenerative diseases? a. He is older b. He is male c. He weighs more d. He has central obesity

d. He has central obesity

Which of the following represents the most reliable dietary source of zinc? a. Nuts and oils b. Milk and yogurt c. Fruits and vegetables d. Meats and whole-grain cereals

d. Meats and whole-grain cereals

Which of the following foods are associated with illness from Salmonella? a. Raw vegetables b. Pickled vegetables c. Home-canned vegetables d. Raw meats, poultry, and eggs

d. Raw meats, poultry, and eggs

What is the most important predictor of a person's mobility in the later years? a. BMI b. Alcohol use c. Chronological age d. Regular physical activity

d. Regular physical activity

You are working as a nutrition consultant in a women's health clinic and have been advising patients to make sure they consume about 400 micrograms of folate every day. One patient is aware that folate helps prevent birth defects but she isn't sure why she should take it if she is not pregnant. Which of the following is the most appropriate reply? a. The folate supplementation prevents pernicious anemia, which increases the risk of spina bifida b. The folate supplementation is needed to ensure a large store that can be utilized by the growing fetus c. As long as supplementation begins the day pregnancy is confirmed, there is no risk of defects d. The neural tube develops early on in pregnancy, oftentimes before the woman realizes she is pregnant

d. The neural tube develops early on in pregnancy, oftentimes before the woman realizes she is pregnant

Magnesium a. assists in the function of enzymes b. is used in bone mineralization c. is critical to normal heart function d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The most common symptoms of foodborne infection include all of the following except a. fever. b. cramps. c. diarrhea. d. double vision.

d. double vision.

All of the following are sensible guidelines for diet plans except a. include vegetables, fruits, and grains as the mainstay of the diet. b. consume low-fat foods regularly. c. adjust energy intake downward as weight loss progresses. d. eat rapidly to avoid prolonged contact with food.

d. eat rapidly to avoid prolonged contact with food.

The DASH diet plan was devised to prevent a. dehydration. b. constipation. c. osteoporosis. d. hypertension

d. hypertension

An important aid in any weight-loss diet program is to a. decrease water intake. b. speed up thyroid activity with metabolic enhancers. c. develop ketosis by keeping carbohydrate intake as low as possible. d. increase physical activity.

d. increase physical activity.

All of the following are categorized as fitness strength activities except a. pilates. b. pull-ups. c. push-ups. d. kickboxing

d. kickboxing

Studies report that folate supplements for women may lower the incidence of neural tube defects of infants when the vitamin is taken during the a. last trimester of pregnancy. b. second trimester of pregnancy. c. second and third trimesters of pregnancy. d. month before conception through the first trimester of pregnancy.

d. month before conception through the first trimester of pregnancy.

External cues that may cause an obese person to respond to food typically include all of the following except a. TV commercials. b. availability of food. c. "time of day" patterns. d. outdoor exercises

d. outdoor exercises

Which of the following minerals is least likely to be deficient in anyone's diet? a. iron b. calcium c. chromium d. phosphorus

d. phosphorus

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, breastfeeding of full-term infants is a. optional. b. mildly recommended. c. moderately recommended. d. strongly recommended.

d. strongly recommended.

All of the following practices are known to minimize exposure to food pesticide residues except a. throwing away the outer leaves of leafy vegetables. b. using a knife to peel citrus fruits rather than biting into the peel. c. throwing away the fats and oils in broths and pan drippings from cooked meats. d. washing waxed fruits and vegetables in water to remove the wax-impregnated pesticides.

d. washing waxed fruits and vegetables in water to remove the wax-impregnated pesticides.