nutrition 4

What is the primary source of energy ("energy currency") for your cells?

ATP

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of catabolism?

Muscle cells breaking down glucose to release heat

Which of the following statements is true?

When oxygen is not available, your cells rely on anaerobic metabolic pathways to make ATP.

Antonio has severe heartburn. To reduce his risk of having frequent heartburn and developing esophageal cancer, his physician recommended that he

avoid overeating during meals.

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into

chylomicrons

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is

circulation of blood throughout the body.

Six years ago, Jared had a cancerous growth removed from his large intestine. Based on this information, he has a higher than average risk of developing

colon cancer.

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a (an)

condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning.

Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Devon probably has

difficulty swallowing.

Bella is an omnivore, because she can

digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of sources.

Chyme moves from the stomach into the

duodenum

Glands that secrete hormones are organs of the _____ system.

endocrine

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?

epiglottis

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system that stores bile.

gallbladder

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?

gastric juice

Rose has a disease that weakened her esophagus. As a result of this condition, Rose probably

has difficulty swallowing food.

Four-year-old Eva was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of mucus-producing cells in her digestive tract. Based on this information, Eva probably

has numerous ulcers in her digestive tract.

The _____ is the third segment of the small intestine.

ileum

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine.

jejunum

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

lacteals within the villi.

Chewing food is an example of

mechanical digestion

The process of digesting food begins in the

mouth.

To produce the maximum amount of energy from the breakdown of macronutrients, human cells require

oxygen.

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

pancreas

Chyme is the

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Salivary glands secrete an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.

starch

Marta is concerned that she may have colorectal cancer because, for several weeks, she has had

stools that are narrower than usual.

The bladder and kidneys are organs of the _____ system.

urinary

After attending a summertime picnic, 24-year-old Samantha developed severe diarrhea. Which of the following treatments should she use to treat her condition?

consume watery fluids that contain sodium, potassium, and simple sugars

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has

gallstones

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing some excess water and minerals from chyme.

large intestine

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and

learning ways to manage stress effectively.

Quinn is a 23-year-old college student, who developed mild diarrhea. Which of the following treatments should he use to relieve his loose stools?

loperamide

Coretta has chronic heartburn. To reduce her risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), her physician recommended that she

lose excess body fat.

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

lose weight rapidly

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat headaches and arthritis. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing

peptic ulcers.

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

peristalsis

Cam has frequent bouts of abdominal cramping with constipation following by diarrhea. Cam underwent a colonoscopy, which ruled out any serious disorders of his large intestine. According to his physician, Cam's "gut problem" is common and doesn't increase his risk of colon cancer. To treat Cam's condition, the physician told Cam to learn ways of managing his stress and try

taking probiotics with live and active cultures.

Which of the following statements is true?

Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism?

Bone cells using protein, calcium, and phosphorus to repair a bone fracture

Which of the following statements is true?

Humans are omnivores.

Which of the following statements is true?

Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.

For the past few months, Jon hasn't been feeling well. His stomach hurts; he doesn't have any energy; and he often feels like he's going to vomit. He has no interest in eating, so he's lost several pounds. Yesterday, he went to the student health center, because he had bloody diarrhea. Based on this information, Jon should be tested for _____.

ulcerative colitis

During the past two months, Theresa has had intestinal pain after eating and diarrhea, and she's noticed blood in her feces. Additionally, she's lost about 10 pounds. Based on this information, Theresa should be tested for

ulcerative colitis.

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

Metabolism

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue. During the 24 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted

sweet

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and

taking antidepressant medication.